ITalmud - yintoni na le nto? Imbali kunye nohlobo iTalmud

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, wonke umntu ofundileyo uyazi ukuba ITalmud - mfundiso multivolume, nto leyo yingqokelela amagatya zenkolo kunye zomthetho zamaYuda ngohlobo ingxoxo malunga mthombo yayo yoqobo - iMishnah. Ngamanye amazwi, umsebenzi omkhulu esisiseko lushicilelo odolwa kwaye nangobude Oral iTorah.

Yintoni iTalmud?

Ayiyomfihlo ukuba ukuguqula agama evela lesiHebhere "iTalmud" - imfundiso okanye umyalelo. Eli gama lo mthombo yokuqala, apho kamva wafumana yesibini, igama akukho ngaphantsi ezaziwayo-kakuhle - ". I Gemara" oko kukuthi, Ngoko ke, lo leitmotif kwesi iSibhalo ke lokukhuthazwa kwezizwe yamaYuda ngokupheleleyo zonke izizukulwana ukufunda nokuphucula ihlabathi yabo yokomoya.

Indlela yokubhala incwadi akukho lula, yaye ntetho - kakhulu kunzima ukuqonda.

Njengoko yokubhala ulwimi, ITalmud eziboniswe ezininzi zesi iziyelelane, libambisene kunye iBhayibhile yesiHebhere namazwi zibandakanya Latin, Persian nangesiRoma.

Umxholo kunye nemibhalo yeemfundiso yamandulo

iincwadi iTalmud ibe izicatshulwa kuphela umxholo imithetho, kodwa amabali amaninzi umdla yempilo kunye nesimilo zembali. A ngomsonto obomvu kuyo yonke imbali na utoliko i neTanakh, inxenye kugqibelelo lwayo iqulathwe iTorah.

Ekuqaleni, le mfundiso iinkcuba yamaYuda ayizange ifakwe kunye nabalinganiswa syntax. Ngenxa yoko, akuzange kube lula ukuba ukwahlukanisa ebonwayo enye kwenye kwimihlathi ezahlukeneyo, ngoko, kukho iingxaki kwinkqubo yokufunda, ukudala ezinye kabi ukuba wonke umntu, sifundisa nabo kwiziseko yenzululwazi.

iingcambu ezeMbali kunye Ixesha imbonakalo iimfundiso ezingcwele

Tractates seTalmud e nokutyhilwa kwalo eyandisiweyo zaqokelelwa emva 210 AD, enkosi iinzame Yehuda ha-Nasi. Le ntlanganiso uye wabizwa iMishnah, leyo ke awo rhoqo lichazwe ngabalandeli bakhe.

Abaxhasi ezi zenzo yaba Amoraim, owadala ingcaciso kwakhe iMishnah yamandulo osihloko sithi "Gemara." Iintshukumo zokubhala lo msebenzi bathwalwa ngaphandle ngaxeshanye kwiindawo ezimbini, ezizezi eBhabhiloni nasePalestina. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oko yasekwa iintlelo 2: iTalmud yaseBhabhiloni kunye eYerusalem unguwabo.

Ukutolikwa seTalmud yamandulo kunye neencwadi zayo

Kuyimfuneko ukuba uchaze inyani kwaye kucacile ukuba kukho ulawulo yokushicilela wonke umsebenzi lo gama kugcinwe yantlandlolo elinamanani source page, eyapapashwa yi edume Daniel Bromberg. Ngoko ke, naluphi na utoliko ITalmud igcina elinamanani, nto leyo a-sheet 2947, okanye amaphepha ngokuphindwe kabini abaninzi. Ngoko ke, xa kuyimfuneko, ungakwazi ukufumana ikhonkco kwinxalenye eyimfuneko iTalmud.

Umzekelo, uhlelo yokuqala ITalmud, leyo ekhoyo kummandla yoBukhosi baseRashiya, yaba luguqulelo abazalwana Shapiro e Slavuta. Enye kwiintlelo zeli iTalmud sagqitywa koorabhi Lithuanian kunye yomhla we-1880.

ITalmud kunye iTorah: Yintoni umahluko?

Kufuneka siqale nokutolikwa ncwadi zombini, ukuze uqonde kakuhle iingxaki zabo.

ITalmud - isikakhulu umsebenzi abacinga enkulu yamaYuda, ingxelo ebhaliweyo uguqulelo ngomlomo iTorah. Kubume bayo kukho izimvo kunye nezimvo kaGedolim. Ngelo xesha abantu yamaYuda i zikhundla itoliki kunye itoliki ekhoyo zombini kwi iTalmud kunye iTorah. Ngokutsho nezimaphambili ezingundoqo amadoda isisilumko okugcwele ngokusebenzisa zombini iinguqulelo iimpapasho, ummeli kolu hlanga kufuneka ukujongana ukufunda iTorah. Leyo ITalmud kuphuhlisa ubuchule ukufunda kunye ukuphuhlisa izakhono zabo.

Inkcazelo iTorah neengcamango zalo ezisisiseko

Torah - oko ngenxa eliqinisekileyo ebalulekileyo ingqokelela yemisebenzi kaMoses, apho ikhona zombini olushicilelweyo ngendlela ngqangi. Yeyona ukufundisisa iZibhalo oyiNgcwele leitmotif lobuYuda. Phakathi iinkolelo zobuYuda imithetho ezimbini: ukufunda iTorah ngamnye amaYuda ngokwazo kwaye bahloniphe bonke abalandeli bayo. Ngapha koko, wonke umntu kubalulekile ukubekela bucala ixesha lokufunda umthetho. ingqiqo Aboriginal kukufundela abantu umthetho, kodwa abafazi lo msebenzi ukuba akuvumelekanga, kodwa kunokuba ukwamkela naziphi na iinzame kweli cala.

iinkolelo ezingavumelekanga iTorah

ITorah isifundo kuyathintelwa abameli nawuphi na iintlanga, ngaphandle amaYuda. Kodwa le embi awusebenzi imithetho ezisixhenxe inzala kaNowa. Iyakwamkela ukufunda imiyalelo ezingcwele kunye izicatshulwa zabo, nezicatshulwa ukusuka apho asetyenziswe naluphi uncwadi. Kwakhona, le ngasentla awusebenzi owalela silungiselela ukwenziwa soguqulo.

Iindlela ukufunda imibhalo engcwele yamaYuda amandulo

Ukongeza indlela eqhelekileyo ukuba uluntu ukufunda ITalmud okanye umthetho, kukho iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezidibanisa abanye ukwenza umdla kwaye luyasebenza.

Ekubeni ITalmud - imfundiso, ukuze nifumane iziphumo ezincumisayo nesebenza kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ngokubambisana kunye iTorah, kwi kabini inani labantu, apho sibekwe abantu ababini. Olu qeqesho iseliswelekile igama havruta. Ngenxa inani pairwise, ukuba iyavumelana kwaye anikane intsingiselo imixholo yawo.

Indlela yesibini kukuba ukuqonda le mfundiso yi ukutolika iSibhalo. Le ndlela kuthiwa gematria. Umzekelo, ngalo ndlela kunokwenzeka amanani amagama replacement, inani loonobumba kufuneka umthombo efanayo.