Isishwankathelo i Saltykov-Shchedrin, iintsomi: kunyaka indalo, isiqulatho eceleni

Kweli nqaku, akukho ithuba ukuqwalasela zonke legacy "liyana" ME Saltykov-Shchedrin. Ngoko ke, uhlahlelo kunye Ukuchazwa bangenele "iintsomi" edumileyo kuphela imisebenzi ngemisebenzi yombhali "Golovlevs".

Olu luhlu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• "Ibali indlela enye indoda wondla iinjengele ezimbini" (1869).
• "Umnini-Wild" (1869).
• "Piscary Wise" (1883).

"Ibali indlela enye indoda wondla iinjengele ezimbini" (1869)

Ngesakhiwo ilula: iinjengele ezimbini ngomlingo ndangena kwisiqithi entlango. Ekuqaleni, zange benze nto, kodwa ke balamba saya imfuneko kwabo, ukuba bacande. Iinjengele bafumanisa ukuba siqithi zizityebi zonke iindidi zeziphiwo: imifuno, iziqhamo, izilwanyana. Kodwa ke, njengoko baye bakhonza ubomi bakhe bonke kwi-ofisi kunye nto ngaphezu "Nceda ubhalise 'wayengazi ukuba oku kufana into ukutya ezi zipho okanye hayi. Xa ngesiquphe enye iinjengele ezicetyiswayo, mhlawumbi, qiniseka ukuba kwenye indawo kwi siqithi phantsi le ndoda komthi elele bengasebenzi. umsebenzi jikelele wabo - ukuyifumana kwaye lwakhe olungenza ksebenze oko. Said - kwenziwe. Kwaba njalo. Iinjengele lwala umntu, njengehashe umsebenzi, waza bamfuna kubo, wazikrazula, kwanamadoda akhe kunye nemithi yeziqhamo. Emva koko ke iinjengele udiniwe njalo, kwaye kunyanzeleke ukuba ukwakha mfo isikhephe otvoloch nabo emva kwabo ezweni lokuzalwa. Ngoko le ndoda, waza wafumana ibhaso "onesisa", nto leyo yamkelwe ngombulelo wabuyela kwisiqithi. Esi sisishwankathelo. Saltykov-Shchedrin wabhala sentsomi ephefumlelweyo.

Umxholo eceleni

yonke nje apha. ME Saltykov-Shchedrin bemsinekela ngokungazi elite Russian ngelo xesha. Iinjengele kwi ngantsomi impenetrably abaziziyatha, abazizisweli, kodwa snobby, abanekratshi, akazange aqonde abantu. Umfanekiso we "womntu Russian", ngokuchasene noko, ekhutshwe Shchedrin kunye nothando okhethekileyo. Umntu avareji kumfanekiso 19 ombhali wasisebenzisa, unekhono, wonke umntu uyazi kwaye unako, kodwa unekratshi kakhulu ngokwakhe. Ngokufutshane, efanelekileyo yabantu. Esi sisishwankathelo. Saltykov-Shchedrin wadala amabali kweyabo ke sithi eceleni.

"Umnini-Wild" (1869)

In amabali lokuqala nolo lukwizinga lesibini, kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku, iminyaka ncwadi. Kwaye oku kungekho ngozi, kuba kufuneka babe nalo umxholo. Licebo eli bali kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba Shchedrin ngoko ke lendaba: Umnini-mhlaba wondla kunye namadoda akhe, wayevakalelwa kukuba alihlutha umoya wayo emhlabeni. Barin ngokoqobo waya uphambene ngokusekelwe kwipropati bonke bathandaza kuThixo ukuba bahlukane omnye mfo kwakhe "stinky". Nabalimi belizwe xa bebonke, naye, kwaba mnandi kakhulu ukuba umnini engaqhelekanga, yaye baza bathandaza kuThixo ukuba wabahlangula kule bomi. UThixo wathabatha nofefe amadoda wazisula ubuso lifa mihlaba.

Okokuqala, umnikazi, bonke baya kakuhle, kodwa ke waqala uphelelwe isitokhwe ukutya kunye namanzi, waza waba khona kakhulu suku ngalunye. Enye into ebangel 'ukuba okokuqala wafika iindwendwe, bamdumisa xa wafunda adumileyo ndabagxotha lo wothiyiweyo "umntu nevumba" emoyeni. Enye ingxaki: indoda walahlekelwa konke ukudla waphuma endlwini. Hayi, akukho mntu exhakamfula inkosi yakhe. Nje ngokwakhe intshisakalo Russian zendalo nantoni na ilingane kwaye asikwazi ukwenza nto.

Umqeshisi ngaphezulu runs zasendle, yaye indawo ekufuphi ziye kakhulu ukuza azisalungiseki ngaphandle umntu. Kodwa ke labhabha phezu Umhlambi amadoda kuwela imikhosi yakhe emhlabeni. iimveliso walilungisa, ubomi babuyela njengoko kufuneka.

Kumninindlu ngexesha ngasekhohlo emahlathini. Kuba ukugxothwa Sasungulwa mhlaba wasigweba amarhamncwa nkqu yehlathi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo. bonke yaphela kakuhle. Umnini baye babanjwa emahlathini, zalungisa yaye wafundisa kwakhona wasebenzisa itshefu, kodwa noko aphoswe umyolelo. ngoku ndidandathekile Ubomi kwilifa ngayo. Ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba agqibe isishwankathelo. Saltykov-Shchedrin wadala amabali lokwenyaniso izele ingqiqo yokuziphatha.

Umxholo ezizinzululwazi iintsomi

Kuyinto twatse tale sangaphambili iinjengele ezimbini. Ekuphela kwento ebonakala umdla - le ulangazelelo umnini ngokuthanda, emahlathini. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ngokutsho umbhali bomsebenzi, abanini bengazi ubunzima ukusuka ukulahleka injongo ebomini.

"Piscary Wise" (1883)

Piscary uxelela ibali lakhe. Abazali bakhe waphila ubomi obude wafa ukufa yendalo (lwepaki phakathi intlanzi elincinane). Kwaye ngenxa yokuba baye nizilumkele ke kunene. Uyise hero wamxelela ibali amaxesha amaninzi, yena phantse yeyela indlebe, yaye kuphela ummangaliso kusindiswa yena. Phantsi yempembelelo la mabali Piscary wethu asitsala ngokwakhe kwindawo ethile emngxunyeni bonke ezimele apho ekubaleni "ngokungathi kwenzeka ntoni." Khethiwe kuphela ebusuku, xa ubuncinane ukuba kudliwe. Iphila. De kube ubudala kwaye yafa, mhlawumbi, ukufa kwakhe. Esi sisishwankathelo.

Saltykov-Shchedrin: iintsomi. Umxholo eceleni

Le tale lokugqibela kuluhlu lwethu kutyeba kakhulu nokuqulethileyo yembono ngaphezu ezimbini ezidlulileyo. Sele nditsho sentsomi, kunye umzekeliso ebomini bulumko kunye nesiqulatho. Noko ke, oko zinokufundwa kuphela existentially, kodwa psychoanalytically.

version Psychoanalytic. Piscary uyasaba yokuphuma kokufa kukayise ngokungummangaliso ukusuka imbiza ebilayo. Kwaye le meko traumatic yayenza isithunzi kubo bonke ubomi bakhe. Sinokuthi Piscary na kunabo ezakho, yaye wakhe umgca ziyahlelwa ukgumhambi uzotywe, loo nku- umzali.

version ekuphileni. Okokuqala elithi "ubulumko" lisetyenziswa Shchedrin, ngengqiqo eyahlukileyo. Lonke icebo Piscary ubomi ufundisa indlela yokuphila akunakwenzeka. Yena kufihlakele ubomi, ukuba ukulandela indlela yakho kunye nenjongo, elide kangaka waphila, nangona, kodwa ngamampunge.

Ukunqongophala jikelele zekharityhulam

Xa umbhali uba Classic, oko nje ekuqaleni ukufunda esikolweni. Yena Wagalela kwikharityhulam yesikolo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukufunda esikolweni yaye abo babhala Saltykov-Shchedrin, iintsomi (umxholo mfutshane badla inyule ukufunda abafundi current). Kwaye oku ngokwayo akukho nto imbi, kodwa le ndlela lula umbhali kunye umbhali yenza kube iziqwenga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Ukongeza, loo nto idala i template standard kwaye ingqondo yomntu. A wesekethe kaninzi abanalo ukuphuhlisa ubuchule ekucingeni ngokunzulu ngoku. Yintoni kuhle afundise esikolweni.

Indlela lingafuni? elula kakhulu: emva kokufunda eli nqaku simazi othi "Saltykov-Shchedrin. Tales. A isishwankathelo sebali kunye nomxholo yembono "kufuneka inyanzelekile ukuba ukufunda kangangoko kunokwenzeka yonke imisebenzi yakhe, izinto ezo ezingafanelekileyo phambi kwikharityhulam yesikolo.