Notebook yokuqala ehlabathini: iifoto

Ukudala izixhobo ezitsha-fangled usoloko i imbali umdla. Umntu weza, yaye emva koko benza inqwelo, ngoko nemoto yokusilela kuqala. Maxa wambi, ngengozi, abakwazi ukufumana phandle, kwaye kwezinye ngendlela emangalisayo eluntwini kubonakala kumangaliseke elitsha lobuchwepheshe.

Notebook yokuqala ehlabathini nayo yathatha kakhulu ukuba oko, nto leyo ukwakweli desktops ezininzi kuthi. Linembali ukuyilwa isixhobo Masiqonde ngakumbi.

Yintoni na?

Ke kaloku akakho umntu owaziyo ukuba yintoni na laptop nokuba lingantoni na ukuba. Ingaba nayiphi na uhlanga e-Afrika akayi kuba nako ukujongana nale mqondiso zobugcisa. Inkoliso yabantu banamhla bayazi ukuba oku ikhompyutha siqu, leyo othandwa kakhulu ukuba lula kwayo zokuhamba. Ngaphakathi kuyo kukho zonke izithako zemveli ukuba sizalwa PC yakho.

Phambi kwethu - ukubonisa enye, keyboard, Togu mouse, maxa wambi mouse encinane kakhulu. Unako ukusebenzisa disks, flash drives, kwaye ngaphezulu. Ngaphakathi inkqubo isebenza kwi iprosesa, apho iguqulwe kancinane, njengoko ubukhulu akavumeli ukufaka chips ezinkulu. Nalo ikhadi yemizobo ezahlukeneyo kancinane. imemori model RAM elakhelwe motherboard kunye disk kanzima ifomati eyahlukileyo, eyahluke ubukhulu kwefowuni.

Notebook yokuqala ehlabathini iimpawu ezifanayo, kwelinye icala, kodwa ke into efana izixhobo zale mihla.

umbono

Umntu ziphikisana oko isixhobo kuqala. Kodwa zonke iingcinga usikhokelele Alan Curtis Kay. -Nzulu American kudala ukufunda iinkqubo zekhompyutha. Ukususela ngo-1970, abaphandi baqalisa ukusebenza Xerox. Yena ngoko nangoko waba ngomnye network kwase workstations abaphuhlisi. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, olu phuhliso ziye ziye zaphawulwa, yaye kamva baye asetyenziswa ziingcali ukusuka Apple Computer.

Oku yindlela close sisazinzulu ukuze ukuyila laptop yokuqala. Kay ecetywayo ingqikelelo ye Dynabook. Olu khetho sele uchaza isixhobo ifana kakhulu kwi laptop. Kodwa olu khetho lwenzelwe yokufunda mobile kwaye ubonakalisa ngokupheleleyo devaysa onke amathuba afumanekayo.

Ngokubanzi, ingcamango Alan Kay yabonakala ngo-1968. Wacela ekudalweni kwisixhobo mobile kulingisa incwadi yokubhalela. Kodwa iimpawu zakhe kunye nemisebenzi babengafanele lokuncamela oomatshini epheleleyo.

umzamo real

Ngo-1976 i-laptop ngqa ehlabathini, kwakhululwa le Braille. Ngaphezu kusebenza Alan Key, Larry Tesler, Adele Goldberg, Douglas Fairbairn. Kwase iboniswa kubo bonke, kodwa imveliso ongakhululwanga. Malunga ezilishumi imifuziselo bahlanganisana ukuze afune umsebenzi ngakumbi ekuphuhliseni esi sixhobo.

Noko ke, nkqu ngoko Braille abe ezinombala screen, isiciko flip, keyboard, idrayivu yediski kunye mouse. RAM waba kilobytes 128 kuphela, yaye clock chip frequency ayidluli 1 MHz. Inkqubo yokusebenza iye yaba inguqulelo ephuhliswe ye Smalltalk edlulileyo.

Nangona ingcamango elibonakala ingqiqo, i-laptop yokuqala sifana kakhulu kanye ehlabathini. ubunzima baso 22 eekhilogram. Nangona ifowuni isebenza odwa waze wasebenzisa ezinye umsimelelo phezu moya, nangona kude imodeli mihla. Oko Kay ayikhange kubanjwa mzuzu nesiguqulela izimvo zabo kwimveliso kwaba yintlekele ngaye, ekubeni wayeza kuba nako ukufumana imali eninzi.

ngempumelelo umzamo

Endaweni yoko wenza Bill Mogridzh. Waqalisa ukusebenza loo isixhobo ngokwesicelo NASA. imveliso Series kwaqala ngo-1982. Kodwa akazange asebenzise imfuno, ngenxa yokuba umbane na ongekhoyo kule modeli.

Lo notebook wokuqala ukuba ubunzima eekhilogram-3, xa kuthelekiswa ne-22 nhlanganiso enkulu. Ukutyeba yena iisentimitha-5. Ngaphezu koko, bekukho ibhetri elisusekayo, kukho ezinombala bonisa eqaqambileyo kunye modem eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi.

CPU evela Intel ngo-8086 le nkampani iye yasebenza kunye rhoqo 8 MHz, nto leyo esele nhlanganiso. RAM - 256 KB. Bekukho zibuko RS-232 serial. Imodem usebenza ngesantya ziikhowudi 1200 ngomzuzwana. Enkosi kuye, ungasebenzisa i ivenkile software intanethi kunye data evela kwinkampani for free.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ngo-1979, xa laptop sele iphuhlisiwe, yena wayengakwazi ukusebenzisa MS-DOS, kuba ngelo xesha yayingekabi isekiwe. Kodwa laptop iye bayifumana ngasekunene emva 1988, xa wayesebenza ngaphakathi entsha Intel 80386 iprosesa.

Isixhobo sele multi-functional kunye nomsebenzi lezininzi imisebenzi. Ngoko ke, ngaphakathi ungasebenzisa ubugcisa apho, waba phakathi apho kwase le panel yolawulo mihla, umphathi woshicilelo, umhleli wokubhaliweyo, spreadsheet, ulawulo ifayile kunye nangaphezulu.

Kwaphumelela kuphela embindini matshini, kodwa iqokobhe layo. Le istili magnesium, wayebanyamekele imithwalo ezinamandla, ngokulandelelana, ngoko nangoko kwatsala ingqalelo emkhosini NASA. Ke ngoko kuqala kwiinto zonke, le moto waya ejikeleza la masebe. Ngenxa yoko, Grid Compass yayisetyenziswa njengendawo co-ordinator nomphathi yokulwa iiyunithi, kwakunye yakhe ngaphezu kwaoko wathumela emajukujukwini.

abantu

kwincwadi yokuqala Izithombe lwehlabathi ukubonisa esinye Olwa ngenxa isihloko kumazibulo-. Baba Osborne 1. Ngaphandle yokuba kwazeka emva zonke ngaphambili okhankanywe, lo ngowona laptop yokuqala, nto leyo yimpumelelo yorhwebo. Le modeli waya kwinginginya ngo-1981. Emva kwakhe wema waseMelika inkampani Osborne Computer Corporation.

Olona phawu kule modeli kukuba kwelinye icala isixhobo waba emphinini ethwele kunye nezinye yezitshixo okwindawo, leyo kwenziwa kuqweqwe flip. Ngaphakathi kwakukho ezinombala screen kunye umboniso-intshi ezintlanu. Kwakhona, uyilo kufakwa drives ezimbini kwidiski, kwaye ukukwazi ukudibanisa i esweni okanye modem.

Inkqubo yokusebenza iye yaba CP / M. Ngaphakathi kwakukho umqhubekekisi wegama, spreadsheet, kunye neetoliki ezininzi iilwimi. Eyona ethile ephambili lentwana ubunzima bayo - ngeekhilogram 11, i-laptop yokuqala yaba tag ixabiso ngo-1795 zeerandi. Ngoko ke, nangona kunyebeleziso iimoto kwinginginya, asingabo bonke unako ukufikelela lo mmangaliso zobugcisa.

Ngaphakathi kwakukho kumqhubekekisi Z80 kunye rhoqo 4 MHz. RAM wayeneminyaka 64 kuphela KB. Ziyahlelwa inkampani yajika buhlungu. Ngenxa yenani kakhulu sikhuphisana, ngubani ngokukhawuleza ukwenza ifowuni ngcono, umenzi wagqiba ukuxelela ihlabathi malunga ekuqaleni kwentengiso imodeli elandelayo phambi kokuba isixhobo waqhubeka kwintengiso. Loo kuthutha aluphumelelanga, hit intengiso Osborne 1, emva koko yonke loo nkampani yimali.

enye Soviet

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ifoto kwincwadi yokuqala ehlabathini aze asikhokelele prototype yasekhaya. Yena igama "Electronics" waza wakhululwa ngo-1991. Ngokwangaphandle, wakhangela ngathi sele kukhuthazwa ngelixa yemiyinge laptops. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo iinkcukacha oko kuthi ngakumbi kunobo iinguqulelo zokuqala American. Umzekelo, inkumbulo kwaba 640 KB.

Le ngxaki nale modeli kukuba ixabiso layo ngaphaya umvuzo avareji kweli lizwe, kodwa, nokuba umsebenzisi unethuba ukuthenga umatshini enjalo, yena nako ukukwenza oko ngenxa nokungafumaneki yayo. Ngoko ke, iimpawu zobugcisa phantse nto yaziwa, kwaye ulwazi malunga Lo mzekeliso wahlala kuphela ephepheni, ekubeni laptop zange wakhululwa kwinginginya.