Birch ixolo - ngumqulwana obaluleke kakhulu kwimbali

Birch ixolo - imiyalezo zabucala kunye namaxwebhu iinkulungwane 10-16, umbhalo esisetyenziswe amaxolo ezinde. La maxwebhu yokuqala enjalo yafunyanwa mbali Russian e Novgorod ngo-1951 ngethuba hambo ukuya mbali Archaeology phantsi kolawulo AV Artsikhovsky. Ukususela ngoko, imbeko kulo kufunyanwa nyaka ngamnye lubhiyozelwa leholide Novgorod - Usuku ezinde amaxolo. Loo qembu izixhobo ezifana esithoba, kwaye ngo-1970 baye bafumana iziqwenga 464. amaxwebhu birchbark Novgorod, abembi ezifumaneka ngongqameko emhlabeni, apho iintsalela zezityalo yamandulo kunye nobutyobo wahlala.

Uninzi ngobhalo ezinde ixolo zincwadi zobuqu. Bona wawuthetha ngemiba eyahlukeneyo yoqoqosho lwasekhaya, ezosulela imiyalelo ze achaze ungquzulwano. ezinde ixolo nazo ufumane isiqingatha-ngokuqhula kunye nomxholo bokungakhathali kwakungandonwabisi. Ukongeza, Arkhipovskaya iisampulu afunyanwa, aqulathe uqhankqalazo ze abalimi nxamnye ezinkosini zabo, izikhalazo malunga nakwizibetho zabo kunye nezintlu Manor misdemeanors.

Okubhaliweyo on ezinde ixolo ibonisa indlela elula abangekaphuhli - ukukrwela ngaphandle metal yakhe ziloliwe okanye pisalom ithambo (pin). Pre-ngayo ixolo ukuze asuse oonobumba. Okubhaliweyo kubekwe kwi amaxolo ezinde emgceni, kwiimeko ezininzi, ngaphandle ngokwahlula ibe ngamazwi. phantse Xa ubhala zange sasetyenziswa inki-ethe. ixolo Birch idla emfutshane kunye nokunganyanzelisi nto, kuphela iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo eziqulathwe kuyo. Isibakala sokuba umamkeli kunye nombhali uyazi, akuthethwa nto ngaye kuyo.

Oovimba iimyuziyam babegcine amaxwebhu amaninzi kutshanje kunye neeleta ebhalwe ixolo ezinde. Found iincwadi ngisho. SV Maksimov, ethnographer Russian kunye umbhali, wathi wabona incwadi e Mezen ezinde ixolo Amakholwa Old.

Birch ixolo njenge material sokubhala kunye nokusasazwa kolwazi, bandiselwa ngenkulungwane ye-11, kodwa walahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo ngenkulungwane ye-15. Kwathiwa ke esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi phakathi yabemi Russia wafumana iphepha, apho iindleko. Ekubeni ixolo yayisetyenziswa njengendawo lwesibini lokurekhoda esiphakathi. Ngokomthetho kuso abaqhelekileyo iirekhodi kunye nembalelwano zabucala kunye neeleta ezisemthethweni kunye nemiyalezo ezinkulu kuzwelonke zarekhodwa kwi esikhumbeni.

Ngcembe bephupha, waphuma khona. Kwelinye oonobumba ezifumaneka, ezo isikhalazo esibhaliweyo kwigosa, abaphengululi ndafumana ayalelwa ukuba ubhale imixholo amaxolo ezinde yesikhumba uze ulithumele kwidilesi.

iileta ukuthandana kwenzeka indlela ikakhulu stratigraphic - ngokusekelwe umaleko apho nto kubonakele. Inani elithile yoonobumba ezinde amaxolo ngenxa yomhla ukuya kukhankanywa kwezi ziganeko zembali okanye abantu ebalulekileyo.

Birch ixolo ngowona mthombo obalulekileyo kwimbali ulwimi lwethu. Ukuba kuyenzeka ukuba ukumisela maxesha okanye isidanga ulwazi efumaneka yeelwimi, kwakunye nexesha imbonakalo kunye etymology yegama kukho amazwi amaninzi zifumaneka amaxhwebhu, elingaziwayo eminye imithombo yamandulo. Ngokusisiseko, la mazwi mba yasekhaya leyo phantse akukho thuba okufumana kungena imisebenzi ababhali ixesha.