Amaphepha Bloody kwimbali Soviet. Kutheni collectivization kuhambisane ukuhluthwa?

Collectivization kunye ukuhluthwa sele kudala into yokuba amaphepha bamagazi kwimbali Soviet. Yaba imfazwe yokwenene, urhulumente waseSoviet wabhengeza udidi "nabaxhaphazi" encinane. Ngexesha ingcinezelo okubangelwa ukuhluthwa, ubunzima inani elingu abantu - abalimi ngaphezu kwezigidi ezibini eziqhelekileyo bagxothwa, ngaphezu amathandathu amawaka zabulawa indlala, amakhulu amawaka wafa ekuthinjweni. ubundlobongela wegazi, enisenzileyo abalimi, kulinyathelo elibalulekileyo kwi ngoloyiko kaStalin.

prehistory

Kodwa kutheni collectivization kunye ukuhluthwa? Oku kungenxa yokuba Stalin wayefuna ukuba balahle umaleko yoluntu, nto leyo wamvunukela, ukuba abawise a uZwilakhe. Izicwangciso irhuluneli kuquka ukubanjwa collectivization ngo-1930 kwi-North eCaucasus, kuMbindi kunye Lower iVolga. Kamva kule nkqubo thina ukujoyina kwimimandla ezininzi zezolimo ukuvelisa okuziinkozo. Stalin wathi yena ufuna ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo kulaks njengeklasi, ngoDisemba 1929.

izigaba emzonda

Ukuhluthwa operation wabelwa wahlelwa ngokukodwa zekomiti yeNdlu Politburo, nto leyo ibangele ukuhlelwa nabameli kwiklasi ngamanqindi. Eyokuqala, udidi kakhulu yingozi wabafudusa abantu ababandakanyekayo kwimisebenzi counter-revolution. Ukuba uza kubanjwa ize emva koko ithunyelwe kwi umsebenzi yoluleko, yaye kwimeko yokungathobeli - ndakuzidubula. emzonda Family makuphicothwe uphum 'aphele, kunye nezinto athatha. Yaba iklasi kakhulu ezinamandla, nako ukulwa, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba lo mgaqo-nkqubo collectivization sakhatshwa ukuhluthwa, ezi abalimi kwafuneka basuswe.

Udidi lwesibini Commission wathwala amanqindi, leyo, nangona abazange ezinxulumene ngqo kumanyathelo counter-mbuso, kodwa bexhaphaza Ukuxelenga kwabanye. Amalungu eli qela babanjwa kwaye zithunyelwe ekuthinjweni kunye neentsapho zabo kwiingingqi ezisemaphandleni. Udidi lwesithathu kubalelwa Inqindi nalowo urhulumente kaStalin. Bona neentsapho zabo bagxothwe yokuhlala ize ithunyelwe kwiindawo ezintsha, hayi ezinxulumene collectivization.

Lomsebenzi

Kwinkalo nganye lweekomiti kunye namaqela ukuba bekwi ngqo kwinkqubo ahluthelwa. Yaba mbono embi yaye ukhohlakele: abo ingqalelo kunganqwenelekiyo ukuba zenzeke, baphanga nje wamthumela ekuthinjweni ukuphepha naluphi na uhlobo neziphithiphithi kunye noqhankqalazo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba collectivization kuhambisane ukuhluthwa.

iqela District weza kwikhaya abalimi wathabatha zonke iimpahla zam, okokuqala zonke izihlangu yokukhetha. La maqela netyuwa kufuneka athathe yonke impahla kulaks, ukuya iti, nemiphanda pillows. Amaxhoba athathwa nokuba ii icon, waziqhekeza babaphosa kude.

Abameli amaqela ezikhethiweyo ushiye ipropati ngokwakho okanye athengisele oogxa babo emgangathweni ivenkile - amaqela efanayo kwi bawagqogqa. Amalungu eli qela baye amagunya mda ngokupheleleyo. Ukuzimisela ububi babantu kweli xesha ngokufuthi kwabangelwa yokuhlawula yonke i-akhawunti yakho.

Urhulumente bafuna ukuthintela naziphi na iingozi ezinokubakho nokuphelisa bonke abavukeli ezinokubakho ukudala iimeko apho kuya kubakho mntu ukubhukuqa urhulumente, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba collectivization kuhambisane ukuhluthwa.

ngenxa

Imbali zocindezelo kaStalin uyakuhlala eyayikrolwe kwiinkulungwane nje wamagazi, ixesha ezoyikekayo. Stalin wafuna ukuze bazikhusele nobungozi, ewe, yaye oku kwakhokelela kuphela inani elingu-ukusweleka kunye yokuba usoloko uya kuhlala enye oozwilakhe kakhulu nkohlakalo kwimbali yehlabathi. Kwaye ke impendulo umbuzo ukuba kutheni collectivization ephelekwa ukuhluthwa, kulula kakhulu: Stalin akazange mfuneko abantu abakwaziyo ukulwa, waza wohlukana kubo.