Isihelegu Lake Constance: ezibangela, uphando, kwafa

Kuye kwiminyaka 13 ukususela ngoko kwenzekayo xa isibhakabhaka iJamani nayo ezimbini moya - umkhweli Russian TU-154 impahla Belgian "iBoeing-757". Amaxhoba kwale ntlekele ezoyikekayo aba bantu-71, inkoliso yabo - abantwana.

Iziganeko owandulela lo moya

Ngobo busuku-1 ukuya kwezi-2 Julayi 2002, xa kwenzeke ingozi kwi Lake Constance, basithwesa umkhweli airliner Russian Tu-154 besive inkampani "Bashkir moya", aba-67, kuquka nabantwana 52 kunye namalungu yabasebenzi 12. Inxalenye ephambili ibandakanya abafundi abanobugcisa Bashkiria, abo baye eSpain ekhefini. Mvume banikezwe UNESCO iKomiti yeMicimbi iRiphabliki umvuzo ngomsebenzi eliphezulu kwizifundo zabo. Eneneni, kweli qela, bonke abantwana babe njengoko ukhetho: amagcisa, iimbongi, abadlali.

Kwathi kanti, abantwana besikolo Ufa awunaku kubakho esibhakabhakeni ngobo busuku. Nje ngempazamo uhamba nomntu omdala, owakukhuphayo iqela labantwana Bashkir ukuya Sheremetyevo moya, kunokuba ubahlangule Domodedovo, ukuba kade kwi olwandulela moya wakhe, zibhabha Barcelona.

Uthotho iingozi

Phantse bonke abantwana baya eholideyini aphesheya, babevela iintsapho abazali esiphezulu. Umzekelo, Laysan Gimaeva oneminyaka eli-15 ubudala yaba intombi yintloko yolawulo kamongameli le Bashkir Republic. Ukuba aba oonyana iintsapho eziqhelekileyo, babeya uye wabuyela emva ekhaya, nokuba wakhathazeka, kodwa ningabadla ubomi, yaye ndiza phezu Lake Constance kwakungayi kuba kwenzeke.

Kodwa abazali abanempembelelo besikolo bagqiba ukungazithumeli kuwo eMoscow, enye moya yelo "Bashkir moya", nto leyo ke yaba lamalungelo inombolo moya 2937 ukuba ubasuse eSpeyin. Eli qela ke okhokelwa Alexander Gross, owayesele bantinga ku Barcelona izihlandlo ezimbalwa yaye esazi kakuhle indlela.

Kwaye nanku omnye ngengozi - emva amatakane efika kwi-moya, kwafumaniseka ukuba kusekho babembalwa izihlalo engenanto. Emva koko kwagqitywa ukuphumeza ezi amatikiti ezingaphezulu. sixhenxe kuphela Bekukho. Abane kuwo bemka baya Shislovskih usapho evela Belarus, nto leyo emva kwexesha kwakhona ngenxa moya wakhe, ezintathu - uSvetlana Kaloeva evela North Ossetia, eziphaphazelayo nabantwana ababini (unyana omdala amathambo Diana kunyaka-4 ubudala) kumyeni wayo, Vitaly, owenze eSpeyin phantsi kwemvumelwano. Xa kwakukho ingozi kwi Lake Constance, nkqu amagama abo random abakhweli azizange ngoko nangoko ayaziwa.

ngaphambi kwentlekele

Ukuba ngoJulayi ebusuku, zombini moya baba esibhakabhakeni phezu eJamani, kodwa nangona oku, ulawulo lwezithuthi womoya ngexesha ngayo watshintshelwa inkampani Swiss "Skyguide", ibekwe Zurich. Kweli ziko, njengesiqhelo ebusuku, wahlala ukusebenza ngabantu abathathu kuphela: ezimbini abancedisayo nomphathi. Noko ke, ngaphambi nje kokuba kwenzeke ingozi elinye lamadindala esemsebenzini waya sekhefu, yaye console kuphela uPetros Nielsen, ngubani kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukubukela ngeli xesha omnye iiclamps ezimbini. Xa umphathi waphawula ukuba le nqwelo-moya zombini kwi enamanqanaba efanayo 36 amawaka. Ziinyawo, waqalisa ukuba idibane, siye saqhubeka umbandela lemizuzwana phambi kokuba ungqubano. yee-air Überlingen ngozi yaba phantse kunqandwa.

amaqela ukungahambisani

Iikhosi moya, eziphaphazelayo malunga omnye komnye, ababekhonkxiwe ukuwela. Manager bazama ukulungisa le meko kwaye wanika umyalelo ukuya crew inqanawa IsiRashiya ukuya ukwehla. Ndimele ndithi ukuba eli xesha pilot Tu-154 baye baqaphela esinye isikhephe sisondela kwicala lasekhohlo kuye. Babekulungele ukwenza kushenxa eza kuvumela moya ziye ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba imiyalelo isilawuli-moya ye pilot Russian isilumkiso ephila oluzenzekelayo malunga baphathwa eziyingozi (TCAS), nto leyo ingxelo imfuneko ukuze bafumane indawo ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye ngaxeshanye kwibhodi "iBoeing" safunyanwa imiyalelo efanayo kwinkqubo efanayo, kodwa kuphela kwi buyaphela. Le co-selinge Tu-154 wazoba imfutshane bonke abasebenzi kwi ukubhidana kunye TCAS imiyalelo dispatcher, kodwa waxelelwa ukuba sifeze umyalelo, ikhalisa ukusuka emhlabeni. Yiyo loo nto kungekho namnye iye yaqinisekisa ukufunyanwa kwee-odolo ezivela dispatcher, nangona isikhephe waza waqalisa ukuhla. Emva kwemizuzwana nje embalwa kwiqela emhlabeni kuphindwe. Ngeli xesha, ngoko nangoko iqinisekisiwe.

impazamo ebulalayo

Njengoko kamva kuya kukhokelela, yokungqubana phezu Lake Constance ngenxa imiyalelo bafaka lingekabi lilixa awathethwa ngumphathi yenkampani "Skyguide" Peter Nielsen. Ngempazamo, wachazela crew-moya ulwazi Russian ezingachanekanga malunga abekomnye umkhombe, okuthiwa lilungelo labo.

Kamva, zokucazulula idata kwibhokisi emnyama yabonisa ukuba abaqhubi zalahlekiswa ngulo myalezo, yaye kuyabonakala ukuba, wagqiba ukuba elilandelayo ukubhabha omnye moya, apho inkqubo TCAS, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, hayi ufumene. Kuhleli akukacaci kutheni namnye pilot abaziswanga malunga nale ungquzulwano kumaqela dispatcher emsebenzini.

Isihelegu Lake Constance

Kunye ne-moya Russian waba phantsi "757", crew zakusa imiyalelo TCAS. Esi kushenxa, ke ngoko nangoko emhlabeni, kodwa umphathi uPetros Nielsen akazange nikuve oko, kuba unxulumano kwafika omnye inqanawa kwi rhoqo eyahlukileyo.

Kule mizuzu yokugqibela phambi kokuwa, bobabini abasebenzi njengoko okusemandleni, bezama ukunqanda kukuhlangana eyingozi, belahla amavili esungulayo yonke indlela, kodwa ke njengoko usazi, yonke imigudu yaba lilize. I-Tu-154 nemoto "iBoeing-757" phantse kwindawo esinekona sasekunene. -Moya, endingowakhe kwinkampani yokuthumela DHL, somfanekiso yayo nkqo wambetha ngesibetho enamandla ukuya airliner fuselage Russian kutheni folokohlo phakathi-emoyeni. namaqhekeza ayo yawa endhawini kwidolophu German ka Überlingen, kufuphi Lake Constance (Baden-Württemberg). IBoeing, ke, ndayihluthwa somfanekiso andabikho ulawulo, ilalhekile. A ntlekele embi phezu Lake Constance kwabulawa izisebenzi zombini moya bonke abakhweli eziphaphazelayo kwi-Tu-154.

uphando yesehlo

Ngokutsho iziphumo zophando kukhubazeka kwenziwa, emi uthumo ekhethekileyo German Federal Bureau (BFU). Iziphumo zayo ziye zapapashwa kwiminyaka emibini kamva. Ingxelo IKomishoni ithi izizathu ezibini apho le ngozi yenzeke:

1. Umlawuli air traffic ngexesha ayikwazanga ukunika ukwahlukana esaneleyo phakathi iinqwelo-moya ezimbini. ukunciphisa umyalelo yanikwa pilot abasebenzi ye-Tu-154 kamva.
2. Eli qela-moya Russian kwaqhubeka ukwehla, nangona izindululo kokwenyuka TCAS.

izigqibo ziingcali

Le ngxelo kwakhona iimpazamo ezininzi ezenziwe liSebe iinkokheli kumbindi Zurich kunye ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization). Ngenxa yoko, abanini inkampani Swiss "Skyguide" iminyaka emininzi ukuba umsebenzi umyalelo enjalo abalathisi benqwelo-moya apho ulawulo emoyeni lwezithuthi ukuba umntu omnye kuphela, lo gama ezinye zakhe womdlali ngelo xesha. Ndiza phezu Lake Constance (2002) wenza kwacaca ukuba inani elikhulu enjalo labasebenzi akwanelanga. Ukongeza, izixhobo leyo ukuxhokonxa nomphathi malunga moya kunokwenzeka rapprochement ngobo busuku kunqunyulwa ngenxa yesondlo.

Njengoko ngokuba phones, nabo abazange ayisebenzi. Kungenxa yale Peter Nielsen ayaba nako ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukufumana nge-moya, ibekwe Friedrichshafen (kwidolophu encinane ngasentla of Lake Constance), ukuze kuthi apho abalawuli igcine ukufika kunye nokubambezeleka moya, leyo imilindo Swiss on the ukuphela yesibini . Ukongeza, ngenxa yokunqongophala kubalindi ifowuni Karlsruhe, ngaphambili kakhulu waphawula kuhlangana olusondeleyo emoyeni, sasingenalo ithuba zilumkisa sisihelegu esondelayo Nielsen.

Le komiti, eyayiphanda ingozi phezu Lake Constance, kuqatshelwe ukuba amaxwebhu ICAO elawula ukusetyenziswa TCAS ephantsi yabelungu ye-Tu-154, ezinxalenye ziyaphikisana kwaye zingagqibeki. Inyaniso yokuba, kwelinye icala, umyalelo nkqubo eziqulathwe ngokuthintelwa engqongqo nendlela oqhutywa ngayo uhlela ukuba musa ukuhlangabezana kukuphi TCAS, yaye kwelinye - oko kugqalwa ongumncedani, oko kudala ecinga ukuba umphathi weqela yinto ephambili. Kule thina kuphela nesiphelo esichanekileyo: ukuba uthotho iingozi engaqhelekanga kunye iimpazamo ezibulalayo, ngoko ngozi phezu Lake Constance (2002) Kwakuya kuba nje akunakwenzeka.

iziphumo

Ukuwa-moya , le ntlekele iye alukapheli. Iintsapho ezingonwabanga bamngcwaba abantwana babo, yaye ezinye iintsapho ngoko yawohloka, engakwazi ukunyamezela intlungu enjalo. Wathi ubomi obuninzi kunye yintlekele Lake Constance. Kwafa ekuqaleni eziqulethwe amagama abadala-19 kunye nabantwana 52. Kodwa February 24, 2004 ukongeza kuyo elinye igama - Peter Nielsen, umphathi olufanayo inkampani "Skyguide", wenza uthotho iimpazamo ezakhokelela loo intlekele enkulu-scale. Yena wabulawa Vitaliem Kaloevym, umfazi kunye nabantwana abo labhabha ukubhabha kakubi-lombutho № 2937. INkundla kulo mzekelo yathatha phantse unyaka. Ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha 2005 Kaloeva wafunyanwa enetyala lokubulala ze wagwetywa iminyaka 8 entolongweni. Xa sijonga iimeko ityala kwaye zikwimeko nengqondo kakhulu ummangalelwa, inkundla kwanciphisa isithuba seminyaka-5 kunye kweenyanga ezi-3.

Kufuphi nedolophu German ka Ueberlingen kwi kummandla Lake Constance, beka ilitye lesikhumbuzo engaqhelekanga, ukuzikhunjuzwa ntlekele kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-10 eyadlulayo. It yenzelwe njenge yomqala eyaphukileyo ogama neeperile saa kulo lonke umendo ukuwa kobutyobo iinqwelo-moya ezimbini.