Isigama ukusebenzisa: ukuqinisekisa yesekethe kunye neempawu

Ukukhetha eyiyo yamagama kwintetho nasekubhaleni kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kufuna eninzi ulwazi balumke, kwaye abaninzi. Amanye amazwi cala ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ingasetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Nangona abanye athwale iimvakalelo, yaye zombini zigxininisa iimvakalelo ukuba isithethi inqwenela ukuvakalisa kwaye oko wayefuna ukuba ezimela kwabanye.

Kukho kwakhona uluhlu olwahlukileyo amagama anxulumene ebizwa ngokuba ukusetyenziswa amagama ambalwa. Ukusuka isigama lwenkobe kusenokuba eyahlukileyo, umzekelo, ummandla ukusasazwa okanye kwinqanaba lomsebenzi yobungcali, ukuba naso, okanye iqela elithile eluntwini, kubhenela data elithi. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba Lexicon and apho amagama aqhelekileyo kubhekisela ukusebenzisa isigama (umzobo ngezantsi). Okokuqala, simele siqonde kukwahlukana isigama ulwimi Russian.

Overview

Qala sithetha kokwahlulwa lwesakhiwo lungelelanisa ngolwimi Russian kwiqela, kuqala intetho malunga isigama kunye nesigama jikelele somxholo eliqingqiweyo ukusetyenziswa. Le yokugqibela, njengokuba kuthiwe, yahlulahlulwe lwaso, ubuchule kunye slang, equka amagama asetyenziswa "iziqalelo declassed", kunye slang ulutsha eziqhelekileyo, kwaye yokuqala monolithic ngakumbi kwaye liyohluleka ibe ngamaqela amabini: isigama stylistically cala wamwisela ngokwasemoyeni . Emva oluhlobo, kunokwenzeka ukuchonga sikhokelo ngumzekelo ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamagama athile.

ukusetyenziswa jikelele Isigama

Olu didi - yakhula kakhulu, kuquka isigama ezisisiseko zolwimi Russian, kuba eneneni engundoqo lungelelanisa. Le yinxalenye isigama mali karhulumente ebizwa kwakhona nokusetyenziswa jikelele igama elisetyenziswe kwintetho yakhe, niqonde bonke abathwali ulwimi Russian okanye uninzi enkulu. Le - uhlobo sedata ulwimi boncwadi, ukusetyenziswa yayo engase zombini ngomlomo nangokubhala. Ngaphezu koko, akukho ukusebenzisa isigama oluqhelekileyo sisiseko apho izinto ngoko amalungiselelo ukusebenzisa amagama - magama, slang, ukuqeqesheka.

Njengoko imizekelo, la magama alandelayo kukhokelela: ukuya, badle, umsebenzi, funda, incwadi, ukutya, amanzi, iziqhamo, isilwanyana, ubusika, intlakohlaza, ehlotyeni, ilizwi, intombazana, intloko kunye nabanye.

Ukongeza koku? sebenzisa ulwimi jikelele zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini ezibanzi: stylistically amagama cala kwaye oluchukumisayo. Le yokugqibela ixhaphake kakhulu ngentetho, journalistic okanye itekisi yoncwadi. Kwenza uphila ngakumbi, akavumeli abe ngathi isichazi-magama itekisi ezomileyo okanye inqaku encyclopedia, kuyanceda ukuchaza iimvakalelo yesithethi okanye isimo sengqondo zombhali kweli nqaku, yintoni yena wabhala.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba phakathi kwinkalo lweenkobe kunye nesigama eliqingqiweyo ukusetyenziswa kwenzeka rhoqo ncoko. Ngamanye amaxesha amagama cala zidlulela zhargonzimov udidi okanye ubuchule, kodwa, ngenxa umzekelo, amagama ukubetha na isigama ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo.

ukusetyenziswa Limited isigama: Iintlobo

Le yinxalenye yesakhiwo lungelelanisa zolwimi Russian kuquka amaqela eziliqela, apho unako ukwenza ngokwahlukana ethile. Lwesigama nokusetyenziswa kwemali, umzekelo, iquka amagama ezendeleyo kwezinye iziyelelane, isigama elikhethekileyo elibandakanya amagama nenichubeke, nayiphi kwiintetho (kubandakanywa slang). Kulo mzekelo, iintlobo zokuqala nezokugqibela ezingaqukwanga kwi nemigangatho zoncwadi zolwimi Russian kwaye isoloko isetyenziswa kuphela unxibelelwano ngomlomo.

isigama lwesigodi

Ulwimi kwingingqi nganye lizwe uneempawu zawo ezithile: i phonetic, ngokwegrama, kwaye, kakade, lungelelanisa. Idla ngokuba nzima ngakumbi awohluke lungelelanisa iindwendwe ukuba ningayiqondi intetho yabantu balapha. Lwesigodi jikelele nesigama ingahlulwa ibe ngamaqela ezininzi:

• lwesigodi phonetic;
• lwesigodi lwegrama;
• lwesigodi lungelelanisa.

lwesigodi Ngokwefonetiki ezahlukeneyo kwisiqhelo boncwadi kuphela pronunciation amagama, yaye ngenxa yoko akukho kakhulu nzima ukuqonda oko kwakuthethwa. Ngokomzekelo - ukutshintshwa isandi "n" yesandi "h", and vice versa, kwezinye States kumntla: tselovek, Niemcza. Okanye uphawu iziyelelane esemazantsi akunciphisi lwegama "ka": imiphanda, Vanka.

lwesigodi lwegrama - amagama asetyenziswa ngokwahlukileyo ngakumbi kwinguqulelo nganye ye ulwimi. Umzekelo, ukuba iziyelelane olusemazantsi Russian luphawulwa ukusetyenziswa kumntu yesikhomokazi ilizwi, leyo, ngokutsho norm boncwadi, la amazwi neuter: intsimi lonke, ogama inyama.

lwesigodi lungelelanisa ngakumbi ethile, oko kudla kuwo ukwahlula intetho endaweni enye ukuthetha kwindawo nganye. Isigama lwesigodi anikezele iqela okhethekileyo, ebizwa ethnographism - amazwi amisele izinto kunye kubizwa uphawu bendawo ethile. La magama idla ngokusetyenziswa zamabali, ngeendleko zabo itekisi yokuluka unikela imizwa ezizodwa kunye nentetho ubhalo - ukuthembeka, "lula".

isigama esikhethekileyo

Ngokutsho ukusebenzisa isigama yaye wekhondo asetyenziswa kuphela kwinkalo ethile yomsebenzi. Amaninzi amazwi anjalo amagama aqhelekileyo aye yaduma ezongezelelweyo, Kakade onke amalungu nawuphi na umsebenzi. Kule nxalenye anzima ligama ongamiselwanga nayiphi na into okanye inkqubo, kwaye igama elisemthethweni liya sele kuba kota.

Umzekelo, eli gama lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela ukuya metal ekhenkcezisiweyo kwi ukhamba, - langoku, kodwa musa metallurgists ambize ngokuthi "kid." Kulo mzekelo, kwaba "ibhokhwe" i inomkhondo.

"Ulusu" - lobungcali, njengoko lisetyenziswe kwaye phakathi kweengcali. Esihambelanayo igama elisemthethweni ngu "sandpaper".

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba indlela entle "inkqubo" ngaphantsi - kuzalwa ngolwimi oluthethwayo, kukho umlinganiselo othile ixesha, uze shwaka, ukuba kufakwe amagama amatsha. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ayinakutshintshwa, waba amagama ngokupheleleyo-enobugcisa. Phakathi kwamagama zobungcali magama bananise, asilonaniselwano efanayo phakathi isigama eqhelekileyo nesigama ukusebenzisa - amagama rhoqo ukhuthaza kwiqela elinye ukuya kwelinye.

Zenyathi isigama ezikhethekileyo - ngokoMthetho

Igama elithi - igama ukuba into ethile okanye ingqiqo, yaye, njengoko umthetho, akukho ixabiso ezongezelelweyo, ukohluka icandelo mandatory amagama kule "base" udidi kunye nesigama nawaphi na amathuba lugubungela zonke izinto, izenzakalo kunye neenkqubo ezenzeka kuyo . Ngokungafaniyo nezinye amagama kunye neentsingiselo zawo, la magama ngokungqalileyo. umsebenzi ngononophelo phezu kwabo kubonisa ngokupheliswa amagama antsonkothileyo bekunye sikhokelo ocacileyo ukusetyenziswa kwayo, ngobudlelane balo kunye nezinye ngokwemiqathango kulo msebenzi.

anzima

Argo, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, kwiintetho - oku umaleko isigama Russian, ukusetyenziswa leyo uphawu amaqela ezithile zentlalo, igama, ecacileyo 'yabo'. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inxalenye amagama slang seeping kulwimi ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo, ukuba igama esebenzisa zonke izithethi lomthonyama, nokuba ithini na imeko yentlalo kunye isangqa lwentlalo. Imizekelo iquka ilizwi elinamandla smart, Linden (elithetha 'olungelulo olokwenyani').

amagama slang afumaneka kwi ncwadi, ezalisekisa indima efanayo njengoko isigama lwesigodi. Ngenxa kubo thina abalinganiswa etsomo iba kuyazenzekela. Ukongeza, ngoncedo lwabo, umbhali unokubenza ukuzisa ingcinga zesimbo kunye jikelele kwengcingane kwimveliso ufaneleke ukusetyenziswa "lifinyele" isigama.

Umzekelo, kwi inoveli "Emva kokuba sitshatile," Granik aku- intetho Ungafumana ibinzana elithi "Kulungile, mna ukuthetha" oko kukuthi, "Ndim ukuthetha nje nantoni na."

slang ulutsha

Ukususela ebutsheni kakhulu olubanzi iqela elithile eluntwini, slang wayo kufuneka wenze into eyahlukileyo, ngenxa yokuba ebanzi kakhulu, kwanokuba ningayichukumisi slang of usiko ezahlukeneyo kunye neentshukumo. Apho unako ukufumana imizekelo emininzi "zokwazisela 'amagama aqhelekileyo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba" Iimoto' uba ntonye negama 'umatshini ", abazali baba" ooyise ", kodwa loo mntu uswelekileyo ngokuzola athi" loo nto ubunile. "

Iqela eyahlukileyo la amazwi slang umfundi. Ngako oko, kuba abafundi zingakhathaliyo ningatyhafi "nemisila" anganikelwa esandleni iimviwo zachetke - Nest "Boa" (rating of "eyanelisayo") "stipuha", yaye "Stepan kuyahlwa" okanye nje imali, nto leyo abasayi kulindela ukuba nabanye abafundi.

isiphelo

Ukushwankathela, sinokuthi isigama ulwimi Russian aku- enkulu waceba kuphela ixesha. Ngaphezu koko, kwisahlulo amagama naliphi iqela lunemiqathango kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yenguqu emazwini kudidi enye ukuya kwenye into eqhubekayo kunye engaphephekiyo. Kuyanceda ukuba ukudala sikhokelo ngokugqithiseleyo ngqongqo kwaye imithetho engqongqo ukusetyenziswa kwegama, eshiya isithethi eliyidlalayo ukukhetha iindlela ezifanelekileyo injongo ethile utsho.