Amagama Dialectal nemizekelo zexabiso. Yintoni igama dialectal?

nokwakheka lungelelanisa ulwimi Russian yinto ezahlukeneyo umdla kakhulu. It has a lot of amagama original eyaziwa kuphela kwisangqa elimxinwa zabantu. Xa lexicology kubabiza imiqathango ekusetyenzisweni kwaye ndimkhulule ngokwamaqela ezizodwa. Phakathi la mazwi yobungcali, lixesha kunye dialectal.

Recent badla unokuviwa emaphandleni. Zikhona ikakhulu kwincoko live yaye ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa izinto ezikhoyo apho. Yaye igama abahlali efanayo ngokulinganayo inokuba Ndingasebenzisa iinguqulelo ezahlukileyo: i zomthonyama "ekuhlaleni".

igama Dialectal - ntoni na?

"Emva kwale ndlu, kunge seletok". Not abaninzi baya kuqonda esi sivakalisi yintoni na busengozini. Iyaqondakala. Seletkom kwilali Russian wambi kuthiwa inkonyane.

Lwesigodi - amagama belizwe zisetyenziswa abemi kummandla othile kwaye ezingaqukwanga kwi nayiphi na amaqela zolwimi lungelelanisa. proliferation zabo zibenze kwiindawo ezininzi okanye mmandla wonke.

Inzala ngendlela "ekuhlaleni" emva kwinkulungwane ye-18 intsukaphi eRashiya. Ekubeni izazi ngoko eziliqela kunye ngeelwimi, kuquka V. Dal Potebnya, Shakhmatov, Vygotskii et al., Ngaba wenza iinzame ezinkulu kweli cala. Bona bajonga iinketho ezahlukeneyo kunye nemizekelo nokusetyenziswa lwesigodi ilizwi. Kule ncwadi, bobabini igama basekhaya angaphandle namhlanje yekhampasi izinto ezifana geography iilwimi (ingakumbi isigama kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo), dialectology kwezentlalo (kuthatha sesikhulile akhawunti, wobugcisa, ubume ngabathwali zentlalo iziyelelane bendawo).

Iqela lwesigodi ngolwimi Russian

In Russia kukho ezahlukeneyo eziliqela neziyelelane. Umgaqo ezisisiseko lombutho lwamagama lwesigodi kwiqela - indawo. Ngokutsho kwakhe lwesigodi ekwanti akumzantsi emantla, nto leyo, kuquka iintetho eziliqela. Phakathi kwazo iziyelelane Central Russian, ezaba sisiseko ukuze kwakhiwe ulwimi mihla Russian , ngoko ke indlela omkhulu kufutshane norm boncwadi.

Iqela ngalinye luphawulwa ngamazwi abo lwesigodi. Imizekelo yezi ngawona (kubandakanywa ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo): House - njengephempe (wahlala.) - Hata; (ekumazantsi.) intetho - bait (wahlala.) - Gutara (South.).

amagama Education lwesigodi

Wonke uthi, njengoko umthetho, uye iimpawu zayo ahlukile. Ukongeza, Science wagqiba ukwabela amaqela ezininzi olwahlukileyo indlela kwakhiwe igama lwesigodi (imizekelo zinikwe kuthelekiswa norm).

1. Eneneni isigama. mhlawumbi abanazo akukho ngokunxulumene amagama ngolwimi zoncwadi (umzekelo, iiprothini kummandla Pskov - Vecchio, ngokuthenga Voronezh - sapetka) okanye wabumba iingcambu ekhoyo kwaye balondoloze intsingiselo yalo ezisisiseko (e kummandla ESmolensk: inkqubo ban kanye iyasebenza - ngoko ebila).
2. ukubunjwa lungelelanisa-lizwi. Eyahlukileyo amagama aqhelekileyo omnye imise kuphela: indoda elusizana - iingxaki Don, lincoko - in Ryazan razgovorchity njl
3. Lwezandi. Ngokungafaniyo ngokwemimiselo ekhoyo zoncwadi yi phoneme omnye (sound): andyuk endaweni Turkey, pahmurny - okt lisibekele.
4. Osemanticheskie. Ngokupheleleyo twatse ligama eliqhelekileyo ngesandi, ukubhala uhlobo, kodwa intsingiselo yahlukile lungelelanisa: baleka kwingingqi ESmolensk - inokusityeda, noodles kummandla Ryazan - igama pox inkuku.

Echaza ubomi ngamazwi dialectal

Kwiindawo ezininzi kukho iinkalo ezithile zobomi bemihla ngemihla, isimilo, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, rhoqo ukufumana ibinzana kwintetho. Ukuvelisa umfanekiso opheleleyo ubomi kwiimeko ezinjalo, kunokwenzeka ngenxa amagama lwesigodi. Imizekelo yalo magama ezivelisa amacandelo ngamnye indlela yenkqubo iyonke kubomi bemihla ngemihla:

• ngeendlela ingqokelela le mabhali hay okanye iindiza (igama eliqhelekileyo - baburka) kummandla Pskov: soyanka - nesimbo encinane, odonok - enkulu;
• igama inkonyane kummandla Yaroslavl: ukuya kunyaka-1 - ngumtya, ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kwiminyaka-2 - ikhephu nonkala, ukususela nge-2 ukuya kwiminyaka-3 - Učka.

Kubekwa iinkalo ngenkcazo okanye ngokwendawo

Enye indlela - xa magama lwesigodi (imizekelo kunye nokubaluleka kwazo ngamaxesha onke kutsala umdla ukusuka 'bangaphandle') uncedo ukuze uqonde ukuba ubomi yecebo elizibonakalisa ngokwalo. Ngoko ke, kumantla endlwini, wenza zonke izakhiwo ezingaphandle ukwakha phantsi kophahla olunye. Ngenxa yoko, inani elikhulu amazwi "ekuhlaleni" elibonisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo indlu: ibhulorho - isigubungelo neveranda, Cottage - igumbi ophilayo, isilingi - imbala, ukuntywila - abahlala igumbi eliphezulu, elichithekileyo - njengeshedi, Zhirkov - indawo kwi yokugcina- iinkomo.

Kukufunda Meshersky kwicandelo engundoqo kwezoqoqosho namahlathi. Oku kuhambisana iqela elikhulu amagama benza ukuba amagama lwesigodi. Imizekelo yalo magama: uthuli - ngeesarha, iinaliti - iglishnik eqingqiweyo indawo ehlathini - ukugxeka, umntu obandakanyeka okucoca kwizikhondo - peneshnik.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamagama lwesigodi kwiincwadi zamabali

Ababhali ukusebenza kwimveliso, besebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo ekhoyo lokuphinda emoyeni efanelekileyo kunye ukubhengezwa abalinganiswa kwemifanekiso. indima ebalulekileyo kule amagama umdlalo lwesigodi. Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa zazo zifumaneka imisebenzi Pushkin, Turgenev, Esenin, M. Sholokhov, F. abramov, V. Rasputin, V. Astafieva, Prishvin kunye nabanye abaninzi. Iya isanda liphenduke lwesigodi amagama ababhali, ogama ebuntwaneni yachithwa kule lali. Njengoko umthetho, ababhali ngokwabo zinika osemazantsi equlathe intsingiselo yamagama kunye nendawo yabo ukusetyenziswa.

osemqoka lwesigodi kwi imizobo zinokuba nomahluko. Kodwa nayiphi na imeko ukuba banike isicatshulwa kuncede baqonde yokuvelela izimvo yombhali.

Umzekelo, Esenin - imbongi, ogama eyinhloko ngokutsha ubomi lali amazwi nje Ryazan lwesigodi. Imizekelo ukusebenzisa kwabo 'kwindawo shushune esihle endala "- uhlobo iimpahla yabafazi," embundwini womnyango dezhke asile "- yokuhalamaba ngamaplanga le ntlama.

Korolenko usebenzisa amagama zasekuhlaleni xa ekudaleni umzobo landscape: "... jonga uju" - gorge. Okanye Turgenev: "... le ndawo yokugqibela (libhuqiwe elikhulu namatyholo) uya kutshitsha."

Babizwa ngokuba "ilali" ababhali yenye yeendlela ukwenza umfanekiso zoncwadi - ntetho uTshawe, nto leyo equka amazwi lwesigodi. Imizekelo: "vospod (Nkosi) u vuyeriwa (uncedo)" evela V. Astaf'eva, "omnye (bona) ... umhlaba iznahratyat (ixhoba)" - in V. Rasputin.

Ngeentsingiselo zamagama lwaso zifumaneka kwi-magama: kwi ochazayo, ziya kumakishwa mmandla. - zengingqi okanye mfono ukucofa. - lwesigodi. Isigama inkulu eyodwa "Dictionary of neziyelelane intsomi Russian."

Ukufaka nesi ulwimi standard

Maxa wambi kuyenzeka ukuba ilizwi, kanye kusetyenziswa kuphela liqela elithile labantu, ungena kudidi eqhelekileyo. Le yinkqubo ende, ingakumbi kwimeko "ekuhlaleni", kodwa oko kuthatha indawo kweli xesha lethu.

Ngoko ke, bambalwa kakhulu abantu beza engqondweni, nto leyo kakhulu kakuhle-eyaziwa elithi "lenzwinini" kwi imvelaphi lwesigodi. Oku kuboniswa uphawu Ivan Turgenev kwi "Amanqaku a Hunter", "neengcongolo rustled, njengoko sithe," oko kukuthi, apha kwiphondo Oryol. Umbhali okokuqala igama elisetyenziswa njengento isifanadumo.

Okanye eqhelekileyo ubuncinane - enguzwilakhe owathi, ngexesha Ostrovsky yaba nesi kwi Pskov kunye yaseTver amaphondo. Ngenxa ekuchubekeni, iye Ndizuze ukuzalwa yesibini, yaye namhlanje akukho namnye kuphakamisa imibuzo.

Le yimizekelo ekwanti. Kwi igama lwesigodi osetyenziswayo efana isikhova, tues, nezifinyiso.

Bayahlelwa magama lwesigodi kweli xesha lethu

Ngenxa yokwanda kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukufuduka ngaphakathi elizweni, isitsotsi ngoku isizukulwana abadala uthetha ikakhulu. Isizathu ilula - lulwimi lwabo kwasekwa kweemeko ezifanayo, xa ukuthembeka kwabantu kwezinye iingingqi weRashiya ubuliqele. Okuya uba mkhulu umsebenzi abantu bafunde amagama lwesigodi nto ngoku nje enye yeendlela ukufunda uphuhliso ngenkcazo nenkcubeko ungubani nabantu Russian, gxininisa ubuyena yayo nokwahluka kwenu. Kuba zesizukulwana sangoku - yinto memory ephilayo elidlulileyo.