Isifo immunoglobulin: umyalelo umenzi

Uluntu uhlala emhlabeni apha ebumelwaneni iintlobo ezininzi zobomi, kuquka ezincinane. Okokuqala, oko iintsholongwane neebhaktiriya. Ngumzali, kodwa ezi zinto ziphilayo encinane kuba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu inani labantu.

Ngokufutshane malunga umgada

Ngexesha ubukho boluntu buya uye watshintsha izinto ezininzi: imozulu, landscape, ukwakheka kwezentlalo, impumelelo kwinzululwazi, ubuchwepheshe kunye namayeza. Kuyinto ngenxa kubantu yokugqibela kuphinda bafe ngenxa ubhubhane pandemics, leyo wangqungisana amakhulu ambalwa kuphela eyadlulayo. Kodwa kukho inani izifo, ngeenkani hayi ziyanyangeka, kuyo yonke loo migudu yabo. Phakathi kwabo ivelele ngumgada.

Esi sifo iyaziwa ixesha elide kakhulu. Walitshintsha oluninzi amagama, kodwa izifo ezoyikekayo wahlala ayitshintshanga - oko obulalayo. Sibangelwa yintsholongwane umgada (umgada), eziqulathe izilwanyana ezigulayo. Amathe ukuba ungena enxebeni inyeke izaliswe esinecandelo wentsholongwane egazini, yaye ukuba ngoko nangoko kwi kwisikhululo olungxamisekileyo, isifo uya kungekudala uyohlala kwisigaba esebenzayo.

Igama sifo yinxalenye elithi "umtyholi" - ukuba ingcamango ukhathazeka zomntu ogulayo ngamakhoboka. Iimpawu zenzeka ngosuku lweshumi. Ngamanye amaxesha, le okuthatha ihlala phezulu iinyanga eziliqela, yaye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu zibalwa kwiminyaka. Kakuhle eli sifo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: intsholongwane echaphazela ingqondo kunye umnqonqo, ibangela ukukhanya angakwazi, aerophobia, nemibono, ukukhubazeka kunye nezinye izifo kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, umntu angabi nako ukuwasela okanye simunce amanzi kwi emehlweni kuyo isigulane ke ngoko ingena unditsho kunye isigulana kwenzeka aqaqambayo ngesiquphe kwi intshukumo incinane umoya. Ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa ukushwabana izihlunu bokuphefumla imisipha intliziyo.

iindlela ezimbini ukuze akhusele

Ekubeni sifo ebalasele th kakhulu yingozi kwaye phantse 100% esibulalayo, ukufumana iindlela ukunyanga okanye ethintela abantu baye bazama ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba emva kwexesha, lo eziphilayo odumileyo Louis Pasteur ngu ucwaningo elebhu ezininzi kwizilwanyana wenza isitofu sokugonya eyandinceda ukuba ukuyeka uhambo umgada ebulalayo ehlabathini.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izazinzulu ziye wafumana enye indlela ukunceda ukuthintela isifo phambi kokuqala iimpawu. It kwizinja immunoglobulin. Okwangoku amachiza igama - xihinga kuphela indlela ngumgada. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isitofu umgada akanako ukutshabalalisa intsholongwane, kwakunye ichiza yesibini. Umgaqo abasebenza isekelwe iindlela ezahlukeneyo.

Iimpawu ngamalungiselelo umgada

Ngoko ke, yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi mayeza isisiseko?

Action umgada lokugonya isekelwe scheme ilandelayo. Emva ulawulo umzimba nezakhi wentsholongwane egazini unikwa ichiza. It is a uhlobo analogu zentsholongwane bangabi ephilileyo equlathe zonke iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo malunga naloo nto. Kulindeleke ukuba omzimba ixesha elithile (malunga nama-2 iiveki) ukuvelisa olwaneleyo iindlela zokukhusela ephilayo. Oku kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukuyilwa iiproteni ezithile - antibodies. Ezi izinto zonke mazigcinwe ezisegazini ndisingisele wathi kwentsholongwane, yaye wadibana ne-arhente bako emzimbeni niwonakalise nangoko. Ngokwalo mgaqo usebenza ezininzi zokugonya. Ngako oko, le sifo esebenzayo esabangela. Kuba oku nerabies sogonyo kusetyenziswa.

Umgada immunoglobulin wenza ngokwahlukileyo kancinci. Ngayo, umzimba angawi nezakhi abafileyo wentsholongwane egazini, kwaye unalo kubalizi. Inyaniso kukuba lo gama njengoko iveliswa sifo esebenzayo, umzimba ukuzikhusela ngokupheleleyo nxamnye ngokuhlaselwa iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Ngoko ke, isigulana ilawulwa umgada immunoglobulin - isilungiselela esekelwe igazi lomntu okanye isilwanyana (ngokuqhelekileyo amahashe). Ngenxa yoko, umzimba ufumana inani elikhulu izilwa-buhlungu kunye awakwazi (medicament yabo iqulethe) ezinceda ukuvelisa umzimba kwizifo. Ngokusisiseko, ichiza elisetyenziswa ukwakhiwa ahlangeneyo izinga ugonyo.

Umahluko phakathi iziyobisi kuchazwa ukuba isitofu inikezela okukwazi uzinze nehlala ixesha elide, kodwa emva kwexesha, lo gama usebenzisa immunoglobulin ikhuphe ukhuselo ngoko nangoko, kodwa otshintsho eziphilayo kule ntsholongwane.

Isifo immunoglobulin: Iindidi

Kuxhomekeka imvelaphi omzimba, ukulungiswa nohlulwe iintlobo ezimbini:

• Heterologous.
• Homology.

Uhlobo lokuqala lubizwa ngokuba "umgada immunoglobulin ukusuka igazi serum of ngamahashe." Okwesibini - iyeza esekelwe igazi lomntu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukwandisa inani antibodies egazini kukho izinto eziphilayo esithathwe umntu zigonywe ngaphambili ezinomgada ziye lokugonya. Olu hlobo ichiza ingqalelo ngempumelelo kwaye ikhuseleke kakhulu kwisibonelelo zezilwanyana. Le umthamo iintlobo homologous, efunekayo ukuze ugonyo isiqingatha.

Ababhalisileyo amagama ezine amalungiselelo afana umgada immunoglobulin. Umenzi indlela ngaphezu kwesinye, iziyobisi ezimbini ekuveliseni Russia ( "Biopharma" FGBU "ARRIAH"), abanye - e-China (FC "Sichuan Juanda Shuyan"), uSirayeli ( "Kamada Ltd.") Yaye Ukraine ( "Biolek "). Ngenxa disease risk ethile neyodwa usebenzisa loo iziyobisi, ukuphunyezwa lwenziwa ngqo - of Pharmacy ezibhedlele.

"Rebinolin" - umgada immunoglobulin

Uhlobo lokuqala ichiza isekelwe phezu biomaterial yabantu. Oku ibekwe njenge izazinzulu ngempumelelo ngakumbi. Wakuzincina iimpahla zazo nokusetyenziswa bokuqonda eziyimfuneko ukuze sinikele ingqalelo ezi ngongoma zilandelayo:

• Ifomu balawule. Uhlaselo loMgada Immunoglobulin (umsebenzisi kubonisa ngokucacileyo le nyaniso) kukuba into ngaphaya okanye bulubhelu kancinane equlethe kwenze kancinci. Le ukulungiselela na uhlobo kwesisombululo yolawulo intramuscularly okanye kwesikhumba.
• Iziphumo emzimbeni. Hayi iintsuku ngaphantsi kwe ezintathu emva ulawulo nkulu uyazikhomba omzimba ngqo ilishwa intsholongwane ngumgada. Isuswe emzimbeni, ezi neeproteni ngexesha nyanga.
• Iimpawu. Ababelwe kukudibana ezigulayo, ethi buluma kunye kokungena amathe apha esikhumbeni abachaphazelekayo. Ukunyanzelwa isiyobisi xa zidityaniswe ezinomgada ziye kwechiza isiphumo unyanzeliso efanayo.
• imiphumela ezingafunekiyo. Njengoko umzimba ufumana arhente zasemzini, basabela kunokuba zazinzima kakhulu. Ukongeza ukuba bomvu, ukudumba nokushisa (subfebrilitet amaxesha waphawula kuphela) Iingxelo iimeko reactions ngesiquphe: angioedema, urticaria okanye kukothuka anaphylactic. Kukwaqaqambise ukugabha elifutshane, kunye hypotension.
• Intsebenziswano kunye namanye amayeza. Asihambisani zokugonya eziqulathe intsholongwane inkcubeko ephilayo. Uvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ngokusebenzisana elwa serum anti-ngqi.
• imiyalelo ezizodwa. Ngexa lokukhulelwa kunye zisanyisa, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunokwenzeka, isifundo elide yabantu immunoglobulins yomzimba intshukumo lubonisa ukuba iziphumo ezibi ekukhuleni kosana olungekazalwa kunye nonina-iyeza angeke.

Isifo immunoglobulin evela serum yabantu - indlela ephumelelayo okuthintela ngumgada. Ukuba kugxininisa inyaniso yokuba Izimo kweli chiza akakho, njengoko iqeshwe ngokwemiqathango nemigaqo ebalulekileyo. Kwaye ke msinyane ithuba ixhoba uncedo, esitalini kokukhona kuya kuba sisiphumo.

Wemithi ichiza

Phambi kokuba usebenzise esi immunoglobulin umgada, yemiyalezo ithetha algorithm ilandelayo:

• ukuhlamba ngokucokisekileyo manxeba ebaleka amanzi, isepha kunye kubola.
• Phambi kokuba kuqaliswe igutyana iziyobisi khangela ingqibelelo, inkangeleko kunye lokugcinwa beziyobisi.
• Uhlaselo loMgada Immunoglobulin (homology) siqala idosi elinikiweyo: 20 IU ngalinye ikhilogramu ubunzima bomzimba.
• Kungcono ukuba phantse idiphu yonke ilawulwa ngqo enxebeni okanye engqongileyo inyama achaphazelekayo. Xa nakwenzeka isenzo sitsho olwenziwa ngenaliti intramuscular.
• Abantwana beziyobisi ibhalwa ethangeni, abadala - kule ezinqeni.

Isixhobo ebizwa "Rebinolin" imvelaphi wakwaSirayeli. Ubude bethuba lokusetyenziswa kwe ichiza, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko yokugcina - kwiminyaka emi-2. immunoglobulin owayevunyelwe akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo. lobushushu yokugcina avumelekile - ukusuka ⁰S-2 ukuya kwi-8.

Indlela edityanisiweyo

Njengomgaqo, naluphi na uhlobo immunoglobulin ilawulwa nge kwisitofu sogonyo anti-ngumgada. Kulo mba, kukho iingongoma ezimbalwa ekufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo sinikele ingqalelo:

• Intshayelelo umgada immunoglobulin kuqhutywa ngokungqongqo phambi kokuba isicelo lokugonya (phakathi amalungiselelo phula - imizuzu engama-30).
• Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ukukhetha amalungu ahlukeneyo emzimbeni, ezo kangangoko kunokwenzeka enye kwenye. Umzekelo, i-immunoglobulin - kwi ezinqeni lasekhohlo, yaye ugonyo - apha esihlunwini deltoid ngasekunene.
• Iisirinji iziyobisi kufuneka ibe ezahlukeneyo.
• amayeza efakwa akukho iphethwe.
• Ukwandisa umthamo umgada immunoglobulin ayikhuthazwa.

Ichiza isekelwe izinto eziphilayo isilwanyana

"Isifo immunoglobulin ukusuka ihashe serum" ubizwa kwifom heterologous (ulwelo). Kucingwa ekhuselekileyo ngaphantsi kancinane ngenxa yokuba iiproteni ezithile ukuba iqulathe, kunokubangela ukusabela akucingeleki kumzimba. Ngelo xesha, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ngokusekelwe biomaterial yabantu, ethule kunyanyezelwa. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba usebenzisa immunoglobulin heterologous compulsorily bachitha uvavanyo intradermal kwi yengalo. Ukuba emva kwemizuzu engama-20 kwakungekho nokudumba esinzulu okanye bomvu, ngoko ihlanjululwa elawulwa immunoglobulin (1: 100 isisombululo) kwesikhumba. Yaba kuphela emva kweyure ukuba isampuli nangoku negative, esebenzisa intsalela ichiza. Ngaphezu koko, kungekhona ngokungqalileyo, kodwa le nkqubo ilandelayo: isahlulo eshushu umgada immunoglobulin idosi ibhalwa kwindawo inxeba emva kwemizuzu eli-15 inxalenye ngakumbi yaziswa esikule ngeenxa inxeba. Ukuba iimpawu yokwakheka ye unomntana ayikuvumeli ukuba usebenzise yonke igutyana kwi indawo ochaphazelekayo, ezinye sisetyenziselwa inaliti intramuscular. Inkqubo lonke kuthatha malunga neyure.

Ukuba esetyenziselwa ngogonyo heterologous umyalelo umgada immunoglobulin ithi ukuba ubukho iisampuli lentsholongwane phambi ulawulo iziyobisi amisele antihistamines kwaye zisetyenziswa ukuphepha isisombululo epinephrine kukothuka.

Omnye umahluko yale hlobo ukusuka edlulileyo - lo balawule. Kuthetha ngokusekelwe ihashe serum lisetyenziswa ukwanda ezimbini yedosi emiselweyo (40 IU kilogram ubunzima bomzimba ngalinye).

Isifo lwamachiza

Kweli thuba kummandla Russian Federation ebhalisiweyo amayeza 5 imveliso yasekhaya, omnye - Indian. Isitofu sokugonya senziwe iingqayi ezibonisa ngaphaya ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi Yek kwaye iqulathe ntsholongwane okanye ukrokrele inactivated. Emva iphelele, ikhangeleka ngathi pink okanye ulwelo enemibala. kukho bokuqonda ebalulekileyo xa usebenzisa isixhobo:

• Kunye nokuqaliswa yokuthobela mandatory imithetho kuyimfuneko ebulala igumbi ugonyo kufuneka ixhotyiswe kunye protivosokovmi kunye iziyobisi unyango olungxamisekileyo. Emva ukuxutywa wavunyelwa ukuba ukugcina umgada sogonyo elingadlulanga kwimizuzu ngaphezulu kwe-5.
• Makubekwe isiqingatha seyure emva immunoglobulin homologous uvumeleke ukusebenzisa amayeza iye yaziswa.
• Ichiza ibhalwa kwindawo yethanga (abantwana ukuya kwiminyaka-5) okanye umsipha deltoid ye umbhinqo emagxeni. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwi ezimpundu akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo.
• Isigulana kufuneka abe phantsi kweliso abasebenzi bezonyango ubuncinane iyure emva kokuba le nkqubo.

Iintlobo zogonyo

Kukho iindidi ezimbini zokugonywa: yothintelo nonyango kunye nothintelo. Okokuqala zisebenzisa ukuba umntu uyayithatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ezinokuba yingozi apho emngciphekweni omkhulu ngumgada. abazingeli It, huntsmen, abasebenzi iilebhu bacteriological, oogqirha bezilwanyana. Uhlobo lwesibini lisetyenziswa ngqo emva ukunxibelelana izilwanyana ezigulayo. Zombini ezahlukeneyo baye kubulawa ethile yokusebenza. Koko leesekethe kukho omnye umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo. Kwimeko yokuqala inokuba contraindication isifo esinganyangekiyo kwinqanaba etsolo okanye ukukhulelwa, ekugonyweni yesibini kwenziwa ebalulekileyo uhlobo zikhombisa.

scheme nokugonywa

scheme yogonyo eziqhelekileyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ukuba contact indalo ibandakanya amanxeba non-kakhulu eluswini - kwakunye imikrwelo, buluma ezincinane, imikrwelo, okanye ilukhothayo njengokuba izilwanyana, yaye zonke ezi nxeba yomqeshi kunye omzimba, umntu bagonywe ngoko nangoko emva kokuba kuqhutyekekwe umonakalo. A idosi enye ye- umgada sogonyo 1 ml. Ugonyo oluqhutywa qha apho, yaye ngakumbi, 3, 7, 14, 30 no 90 ngosuku. zingatshintshwa Iskim, ukuba isilwanyana phantsi koqwalaselo, abangakholwayo ke, okanye akazange achaze intsholongwane ngumgada. Kulo mzekelo, zimiselwe ulawulo lokugonya ezintathu.
2. Naziphi nokwenzakala entloko, entanyeni, izandla, zokuzala, Amaxhwele neminwe, izilwanyana zamngxwelerha, kwakunye umonakalo okanye ilukhothayo okanye ifunyanwe kwizilwanyana zasendle, iimpuku kunye amalulwane, kufuna amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza ezibanzi. Ngomhla zoqhagamshelwano phambi ulawulo ogonyo umgada kusetyenziswa yokubopha isitofu immunoglobulin, oluqhutywa ngokwe migaqo ingasentla. Ngaphezu koko, ugonyo ikhutshwa phandle le nkqubo eqhelekileyo.

Ngenxa yezizathu zempilo

Eli binzana lidla weva kwi-ofisi kagqirha okanye kummandla kwiiwadi esibhedlele, baqhele kangaka zonke. Kodwa ke ngelishwa, abantu ngamanye amaxesha bayalibala exabiseke njani na ubomi babantu. Yonke imihla ukubona uncumo umntwana wakhe, ukuba ulive ilizwi likayise nelizwi lonina lam ityhubhu, ebuka ukubhabha yeentaka - yonke into zesiqhelo kunjalo, ukuba uzigqala njengezingabalulekanga. Kwaba kuphela xa indlu unkqonkqozayo inkathazo, abantu abacinga ngayo. Thatha nokuzikhathalela wena kunye nabo ubathandayo, yaye kwimeko ingozi ungalibazisi ukufuna uncedo.