Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi nese-. Features isakhiwo frog

Isele - ungummeli ngokuqhelekileyo emanzini. Umzekelo esi silwanyana banokufunda iimpawu kwiklasi yonke. Eli nqaku lichaza ngokweenkcukacha kubume yangaphakathi isele.

izigqubuthelo zomzimba

Marsh frog ehlala amanzi kunye kweendonga zawo. Kuye isakhiwo esilula zangaphandle - intloko ebanzi tyaba, apho buye bungabonakali xa ezinamathele elifutshane, kunciphise nomsila, nemilenze emifutshane Walatha ngophakathi ezine waphuma umva - abahlanu. Kuya kunceda ukuqonda isakhiwo lwangaphakathi frog umzobo ebonisa skeleton kunye neenkqubo zomzimba.

Okokuqala, sihlolisisa isikhumba sesilwanyana. umzimba frog kaThixo ligutyungelwe isikhumba ogudileyo ovelisa elinentabalala unamadlala multicellular ukuba cell yencindi yomlomo. Le mfihlelo lubricates ulusu, ukunceda ukuba ukugcina amanzi, igalelo exchange negesi. Ukongeza, ukuba likhusela ngokuchaseneyo iintsholongwane eziyingozi.

frog Thin irubhrikhi ulusu ikhusela kuphela kwaye uyabubona zizinto zangaphandle, kodwa ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kutshintshiselwano igesi. Ngaphezu koko, frog afunxa amanzi kuphela ngesikhumba. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile inkoliso ixesha kwi ukufuma okanye emanzini.

skeleton

Frog samathambo inemisebenzi ngokunxulumene kukhubazeko ukuya ukujikeleza imisipha. Luquka lukakayi, emqolo, izitho amathambo imimandla. YoKakayi atshabalalisa, ububanzi. Kwizilwanyana abaqolileyo ezigcinayo isixa esikhulu esiqwini intlala olumanyanisa amasele intlanzi Crossopterygii.

umnqonqo Mfutshane imelwe ngamaqela ezine: buti, sacral, intamo kunye nomsila. umnqonqo wesibeleko iqulathe kuphela vertebra elinye abusazinge, kodwa ngenxa frog ukuhamba alo nga kuwathulula intloko yakho.

kummandla umboko iquka omqolo ezisixhenxe. Iimbambo wenkomo no. ingxenye Sacral kananjalo zimelwe vertebra enye, wajoyina isinqe. Okokugqibela, kwahlulwe ngasemva fanekisela urostyle ithambo elide luqokelelane 12 omqolo ezinyibilikiswe.

Ulwakhiwo frog umdla skeletal ngenxa awohluke zokubumba amalungu omzimba, leyo qhagamshela eziphelweni bhanti umqolo skeleton. ngemilenze bhanti iquka kwentamo, iibhleyidi ezimbini, Ingekalili ezimbini, yaye amathambo ezimbini clavicle ngokwayo forelimb ibandakanya lwamagxa, inyuke iye kunye ngesandla neminwe ezine (ngomnwe eyesihlanu usaqala).

nomlenze nemazi umbhinqo ngenxa umthwalo omkhulu kakhulu omkhulu ngaphezu emagxeni. Uchazwa edidekile amathambo zangasese. skeleton hindlimb kuquka kumalungu ayo umlenze, bembande iinyawo neenzwane ezintlanu. Ubude imilenze yangasemva ngakumbi izihlandlo ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ngaphezu ngaphambili.

muscularity

izihlunu isele lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe izihlunu abamnkela lo buti nasemilenzeni, izihlunu umntla na isakhiwo metameric (efana kwizihlunu yeentlanzi). Izihlunu imilenze yangasemva isuke kunye nemihlathi ziphuhliswa kakhulu kakuhle.

inkqubo alimentary

Features isakhiwo frog ibonakale ngokucacileyo umzekelo ubume kwinkqubo yayo yokwetyisa. Onke amalungu zangaphakathi zamasele ezifumaneka kwisisu coelomic. Olu hlobo lengxowa ogama iindonga iqanjwa iiseli epithelial. Ngaphakathi lweHo- iqulethe imali encinci ulwelo. Uninzi iingxowa athabathe izitho zokugaya.

inkqubo yokucola iqala kwisisu oropharyngeal. On ulwimi yayo ngezantsi apha esisebenzisa isele ukunqakula izinambuzane. Ngenxa ubume engaqhelekanga iyakwazi ukuba betekisi ngesantya esiphezulu ukusuka emlonyeni ngqo lixhoba.

amathambo iPalatine, kwakunye amazinyo kwemihlathi ephezulu nesezantsi eziphila nabancinane etsobhileyo ukumila kakuhle. Baya bakhonza hayi ukuhlafuna kodwa ngaphezu kwabo bonke ukugcina imveliso emlonyeni. Le yenye ukufana iintlanzi emanzini. Le mfihlelo, secreted yi kwamadlala amathe, moisturizes kwisisu oropharyngeal kunye nokutya. Oku kube lula ingestion yayo. enzyme amathe frog aliqulathanga.

Amasele lokugaya iqala pharynx. Oku kulandelwa kuvuleke iminxunya, uze - esiswini. Ngemva kwesisu na duodenum, abanye emathunjini iyafakwa ephambuka. Igcina cloaca emathunjini. Amasele udle kwamadlala yokucola - isibindi nepancreas.

Iimvelaphi ngoncedo yemveliso ulwimi kwi oropharynx, sabe emqaleni emphinjeni kuya esiswini. Iiseli sise iindonga esiswini, zehydrochloric acid kunye abahlukunyezwa pepsin ezikhuthaza ukugaywa. ubunzima ngakumbi semidigested kufuneka ibe duodenum, nayo leyo wawagalela iimfihlakalo nepancreas kwaye kwemali zesibindi bile duct.

Ngokuthe ngcembe lo duodenum ludlulele emathunjini amancinci, apho zonke izondlo ithathe. ukutya okuseleyo ukuba ukudla, kweyela emathunjini yokugqibela - ezinqeni emifutshane ububanzi, nesiphelo cesspool.

Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi isele kwindawo yayo eyahlukileyo. Abadala kwiintshaba kwalusa ikakhulu izinambuzane, kodwa tadpoles - kunene ezidla ngokwenene. Emihlathini yabo amalungiselelo uphondo ipleyiti kunye ngawo imibungu zaye kokuphalwa kunye eziphilayo ulwelwe encinane kwezi kwiseli enye.

isixokelelwano sokuphefumla

iimpawu umdla lobume lwangaphakathi touch isele kunye nomoya. Inyaniso kukuba kunye ukukhanya, indima enkulu kwinkqubo kunaniselwano serhasi idlala capillary gcwalisa isikhumba emhlabeni nasemanzini. Imiphunga zidityaniswe iingxowa ezingcakacileyo-esibiyelwe komhlaba enemingxuma ngaphakathi kunye nothungelwano olubanzi imithambo yegazi.

Njengoko umoya isele? Zamasele usebenzisa valve ekwaziyo lokuvula nokuvala yempumlo kunye nentshukumo oropharynx ezantsi. Ukuze basezela, yempumlo zivulekile, kwaye kwisisu esezantsi oropharyngeal uvikivwa, yaye umoya isemlonyeni nese-. Ngoko ke waya imiphunga, emathatheni ivaliwe, kwaye ezantsi kuphuma oropharynx. Le Umphunga kwenziwa lung ukuwa ngaphandle kweendonga kunye iintshukumo izihlunu esiswini.

Xa into eyindoda, lo glottis singqongwe cartilages ezizodwa arytenoid, waza yayinemiphimbo. umthamo High inikezelwa yi iingxowa ilizwi, ezo akhiwa isifo le oropharynx.

inkqubo excretory

Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi nese-, hayi kanye mandithi, zayo inkqubo excretory, naye umdla kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba iimveliso inkunkuma eziphila ingaba imveliso ngokusebenzisa imiphunga kunye nesikhumba. Kodwa inkoliso yabo kwazona yi nezintso, ezo imi vertebra sacral. Sami zivunwa umzimba lume, ezikufutshane ngasemva. Ezi arhente kufuneka glomeruli ezizodwa bayakwazi yokuhluza iimveliso hlula igazi.

Umchamo imveliso ye ureters zibe esinyini, apho ukuba igcinwe. Emva kokugcwalisa, umsipha esinyini kumphezulu cloaca esiswini sinciphile kwaye ulwelo iyakhutshwa ngokwangaphandle ngokusebenzisa cloaca.

kwegazi

Isakhiwo yangaphakathi isele kuyantsonkotha kunokuba iintlanzi. Intliziyo frog omdala,-gumbi ezintathu, ezibandakanya imithambo emibini kunye ventricle. Ngenxa emithanjeni ventricular abangatshatanga kunye negazi lwemithambo engagqibekanga ugalelwe, kuye kwasasazwa zimbini ngokwahlukana ngokupheleleyo. Infundibulum ukuba isivingco longitudinal helical ihamba kude ventricle ize isasaze igazi mixed esimbaxa kunye nempahla ezahlukeneyo.

Intendelezo lungelo igazi mixed ukuhamba: lwemithambo ivela enyama yangaphakathi, kunye emithanjeni - nasesikhumbeni. In intendelezo ekhohlo ukusuka emiphungeni ubengena negazi yodidi oluphezulu.

imithambo okwehlileyo ngaxeshanye, kwaye igazi phambili emibini ventricle enye. Ngenxa isakhiwo vana longitudinal igazi esimbaxa aqukuqela kuloo maziko intloko nobuchopho, ugalelwe - ukuya amalungu kunye namalungu omzimba, yaye lwemithambo - nolusu kunye nemiphunga. Abantwana kunokuba nzima ukuqonda isakhiwo yangaphakathi isele. inkqubo zamasele kwegazi Driving inceda nombono ukujikeleza isebenza njani.

Inkqubo yegazi of tadpoles uye ejikeleza enye kuphela, omnye intendelezo ventricle mnye, ngathi intlanzi.

Ubume isele negazi umntu ezahlukeneyo. Isele iiseli ezibomvu abe inucleus, i seqanda, yaye umntu - imilo biconcave, undoqo engekhoyo.

inkqubo yonyango

Inkqubo yonyango iquka amasele lengqula, ngokuzala kunye injeke, adrenal kunye yebhinqa. Le ndlala lengqula ivelisa iihomoni eziyimfuneko ukuze kugqitywe ayaguquka nokugcina ukutya, amadlala zesini banoxanduva yokuvelisa kwakhona. Le injeke ebandakanyeka kwinyathelo ukwetyisa ukutya, i adrenal ilawula ukutya. Ingqondo yebhinqa uvelisa eziliqela iincindi zamadlala eziphembelela uphuhliso, ukwanda kunye nombala isilwanyana.

luvo

Luvo lwe isele iphawulwa kwinqanaba elisezantsi yophuhliso, yinto efanayo iimpawu ukuya luvo lwe intlanzi, kodwa imisebenzi ephambili emininzi. Ubuchopho yahlulwe yangamacandelo 5: esiphakathi, esiphakathi, ngaphambili, Medulla kunye kwiCerebellum. Yangaphambili iqulunqwa kakuhle kwaye yahlulwe zifaka ezimbini, nganye eneyazo a ventricle osisi - umngxuma okhethekileyo.

Ngokunxulumene iintshukumo obungabangeli mdla kunye nokungabikho jikelele imithambo, kwiCerebellum mncinane. Medulla enkulu. Zonke yengqondo isele ngaphandle izibini ezilishumi luvo.

ingqondo

utshintsho kakhulu emanzini ezingqondweni enxulumene nemveliso evela eliphakathi zolwelo kumhlaba owomileyo. Zibe sele nzima ngaphezu iintlanzi, njengoko kufuneka kunceda ukuhamba kunye namanzi kunye nomhlaba. Xa tadpoles kuphuhliswa amalungu line lateral.

Umaleko ofihlakeleyo intlungu esingaphandle, selungu lokuva kunye nobushushu receptor. Papillae elwimini, esibhakabhakeni kunye amabamba umsebenzi ezigqeba incasa. amalungu ukuqgiba luqulathe iingxowa bafundelane ngezibini ukuqgiba ezithi evulwa yempumlo nomphandle wocango kungena okusingqongileyo kunye kwisisu oropharyngeal, ngokulandelelana. Emanzini, yempumlo ivaliwe, ukusezela imizimba musa ukwenza.

Njengoko kwetyala kuphuhliswa zendlebe apho kwiyunithi ukuze ikhulise intlokoma isandi ngokusebenzisa indlebe.

isakhiwo iliso frog kaThixo nzima, kuba oko kuyimfuneko ukuze ubone ngaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nomhlaba. Ukukhusela amehlo abadala Neenkophe ezinokususwa kunye nictitating ndizayo. Xa tadpoles kwekhulu apho. Le alikhazimli isele eye lensi khaxa - lenticular. Izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini kude ngokwaneleyo ukubona kwaye lokubona.