Inyama: ixabiso lesondlo, imichiza ukubunjwa, ixabiso eziphilayo, ixabiso amandla, uphawu

Uluntu ukuba badle inyama amaxesha yamhlamnene. Izazi bakholelwa ukuba ixabiso lesondlo inyama nanto, wadlala indima enkulu kuphuhliso ngobuchopho bomntu. Emva kokuba ulwamkelo inyama emzimbeni ezinikwa ezifana izondlo njenge aminocarboxylic acid.

Baninzi abantu bayazibuza indlela inyama kukuthi luncedo, yintoni iintlobo kuyo zithathwa engcono? Le mibuzo neminye efanayo unokuphendulwa ngokuhlola data, nenika iimpawu kunye nexabiso lesondlo inyama.

Inyama - imveliso luncedo

Amashumi eminyaka, kukho ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nokuba inyama uluncedo ukuba umzimba womntu nendlela enkulu ngayo kufuneka ibe khona ekutyeni ngemihla. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukwakheka acid asidi iiprotheni, le mveliso lisondele kakhulu ukuba iikhompawundi ezifana emzimbeni womntu, ngoko iimveliso zezilwanyana kufuneka zitye kakhulu. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba inyama - a ityhefu imveliso protein, ufuna ukunikezela ngokupheleleyo kuzo.

Kodwa ke uninzi leengcali inikeza ukubambelela kulo mba imin segolide. So Academician NM Amosov - ugqirha kunye negama ehlabathini lonke, Ummeli ezaziwayo-kakuhle indlela yokuphila esempilweni, qiniseka ukuba menu yabantu yemihla ngemihla nowusondeza grams hayi ngaphezulu kwe-100 inyama. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha ukutya okunjalo kuxhomekeke iimpawu ngabanye ephilayo ngamnye ngamnye. Omnye kufuneka inyama yonke imihla, abanye bakhetha intlanzi okanye imifuno.

Elilahla kwenyama nemveliso zenyama, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ixabiso kutya inyama uphezulu. Oku - umthengisi engundoqo asidi kubalulekile acid. Ezinye iimveliso azinazo ezi izondlo.

Inyama kunye nezakhiwo

Cinga ezo iindawo izidumbu inyama ezizitho zine, awanyakazela ngayo ulusu isusiwe. Pre umele unqunyulwe entloko, asuse insides. La macandelo izihlunu inyama kunye zomzimba nokuqina, amanqatha umaleko, kunye neempahla kunye nemisipha. Ukususela uhlobo lesilwanyana, ubudala bayo, isini, iimeko, iqondo kukutyeba, ukuchaneka nokuxhela ziyahluka ubume iikhemikhali kunye nexabiso lesondlo inyama.

Eyona ethandwa ekwakhiweni imveliso ijwabu kwezihlunu. isabelo sayo malunga 50-64 ekhulwini ubunzima lilonke umzimba ezantsi-umngxuma. Njengenxalenye yale nto - imicu kwezihlunu (izihlunu, imisipha). Uninzi kwizihlunu ezithambileyo ibekwe kumaqela izihlunu, nguwuphi umsebenzi minimum physical (isinqe, yomqolo, empontshwa).

Kuba soft and izihlunu zomzimba impahla esencinane. Endala yena abantamo encinane. Ekuphekeni, kuya kuba kuhle ukuba asebenzise ezo iindawo yesidumbu, enamakhulu isixa esikhulu esiqwini kwezihlunu, kuba kubo imisipha ngokwaneleyo, ngokulandelelana, kunciphisa isixa senkunkuma.

ixabiso lesondlo yeemveliso zenyama

Ukutya kunye nexabiso ngokobugcisa inyama ngenxa kumalungu ayo. Ezi proteni acid acid kunye fatty polyunsaturated, leyo ikwesi kuhlanganiselo lipids - zendalo organic. Ke inyama, yinto exabiseke phosphorus, iivithamini B elementi kwezimbiwa zokutya. Zikhona inyama extractives, leyo ukunika incasa imveliso, eziluncuthu ngenkuthalo ukuvuselela secretion yejusi esiswini.

Ixabiso amandla ngayo inyama - 100-500 kcal 100 g imveliso nganye. Abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba inyama eninzi iqulethe cholesterol. Abo ngempilo yabo, sinokuqiniseka ukuba esi sixa encinane kakhulu - malunga 0.06-0.12 ekhulwini.

ixabiso lesondlo zeenkukhu iqulathe ekufumaneni iqela elikhulu yamaqela ohlukeneyo iivithamini (B1 ezininzi; B2-B12; B6, PP kunye C). isibindi Chicken iqulethe Vitamin A (300-500 mg / g).

Iimpawu Injongo echazwe ixabiso lesondlo inyama (yenkomo) - lulwahlulo iinxalenye edliwayo umzimba ungafanelekanga ukuba ukutya (ithambo, intlala).

inyama

Enyanisweni, ayikhuphi iintlobo ezininzi imveliso. Enyanisweni, ijwabu izihlunu yabo bonke abantu abahlala nenyama. Batya becala inyama zemfuyo, ezifana iihagu, iinkomo neegusha kunye namahashe. Nangona kunjalo, uluhlu lwe ukutya okusuka kwizilwanyana izinto ekrwada qatha.

Umzekelo, ziluncedo inyama yezilwanyana (yenkomo, yehagu, inyama yegusha, horsemeat, inkamela, sobachatiny et al.); iimpuku (nomvundla kunye umvundla); ungulates (leggings, inyamakazi) kunye, Kakade ke, yentaka - ukusuka yemveli ukuya kumdlalo inkuku exotic.

Kwamanye amazwe, nto has a izitya inyama ethandwa kakhulu ezizodwa eziphila (umzekelo, amasele).

Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba uhlanga ngalunye lo ke ukhetha uhlobo oluthile lwemveliso.

Umzekelo, e-Indiya musani ukudla yenkomo, kwaye kumazwe Muslim - yehagu. Abameli abantu baseMpumalanga phantse musani ukudla horsemeat kwaye ukwala sobachatiny kunye lyagushatinu ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, inyama ihashe - imveliso oyithandayo. Korea yaseTshayina sobachatiny ingqalelo uju, kwaye amaMelika French nothando izitya ezivela ngamasele.

Izinga ngemihla losetyenziso

ixabiso kunceda menu - 150 grams inyama ngosuku. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba wonke umntu adle oko inombolo yakhe. Power umntu nje ukuba ulungelelaniswe, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno incasa. Ukongeza, izinga ngemihla ungahluka ngenxa kwiimeko ezithile zonyango. Ngoko ke, abaphethwe yamafutha ekucetyiswa kwe 70-80 grams inyama fat-free ngosuku okanye kathathu ngeveki 150 yooGqirha eBritani bakholelwa ukuba abantu abadala kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba badle 90 iigrem inyama ebomvu, ngaphandle imida kokucacisa, iintaka ekutyeni ngemihla .

Izazinzulu inqanaba ehlabathini, ukujongana inzululwazi isondlo, musa ukubeka iimfuno phambili ezithile ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso zenyama. Konke kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ngamnye (ubuhlanga, inkolo, inqanaba uqoqosho yelizwe lokuhlala) umntu.

Noko ke, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa inyama ebomvu kukuninzi ukuyilayisha umzimba kunye nezinto eziphilayo (enokwenza nesiphumo agqithisile uric acid) kunye neemveliso metabolic. Oku embi kwesibindi, nezintso, ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo sentliziyo. Ngoko ke elawula ukusetyenziswa inyama luyafuneka.

Xa umthelekisa protein yezilwanyana, ixabiso hayi ngaphantsi ukuba iikhompawundi ezifana eziqulathwe intlanzi. Bona kugaywe lula, ngoko ke kukhuthazwa ukutyiwa ngemihla. Kwaye ke abantu yobudala abaqolileyo iintsuku 1-2 ngeveki kubhetele ukubuyisela inyama nentlanzi ukutya okanye iimveliso zobisi.

Iimpawu mfanelo

Ukutya kunye namandla ixabiso inyama kuxhomekeke kubungakanani apho imveliso phantsi kwemiqathango ethile. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukufumanisa umgangatho wayo kulula kakhulu. Fresh premium inyama (ibande) kufuneka ibe owomileyo, lisuke labuna obomvu, umanzi kancinane kwi Imi, kodwa hayi ancamathelayo. Nezinxonxo e ngokucinezela inyama a imibane ingozi luyemka, ize incindi luqhubeke xa liqatywe. Umbala kuxhomekeke iintlobo amanqatha inyama: yehagu fat ezimhlophe-pink, nenyama yenkomo - lipholi emthubi.

eliphezulu kakhulu loo nyama bubonwa usebenzisa imela shushu. Xa lihlaba imveliso sekukudala ye imela ngoko nevumba elibi.

Ukuba inyama ayaba guquki ilastiki, oko incangathi, imtyibilizi kwaye mnyama, oko kuthetha mgangathweni. Xa notch kubonwa ukuba inyama onganeno unalo ithinti greyish-eluhlaza, kunye noxinzelelo-onovakalelo umnwe fossa akukho ezihambelana. ixabiso lesondlo olu hlobo inyama ilahlekile ngokupheleleyo.

Nitrites kunye nitrate kwiimveliso inyama

"Iivithamini" eziyingozi, njengoko ukubola kokutya ukunceda sihlale iimveliso inyama ithinti pink. Zongezeke kwi yaba ngumsi yonke iphela kwiimveliso, ayi, enkonkxiweyo inyama, abaninzi iziyolo, kwakunye walisebenzisa yityuwa inyama.

nitrites kakhulu buthi: naliphi libanda kubo yingozi emzimbeni. Athwala e ukunxibelelana nezi izinto ezisegazini is kuguquka methemoglobin, uze oxidized nentsimbi uphelelwa ukukwazi ukufezekisa ioksijini emzimbeni, apho kunokuthi kwenzeke ngenxa yayo bukhali ukusilela.

Isiphumo begazi nitrate yayiluma ezahlukeneyo. Kanye wokugaya, ukuba eziguqulelwe kwi nitrites uze - ibe carcinogens.

Plus, nitrate nitrites nempembelelo embi kwinkqubo yokwetyisa, waphula inyathelo enqanda kunye ziyibuyisela kukufakwa iiprothini namafutha.

processing culinary

isakhiwo Chemical kunye nexabiso lesondlo inyama zizidibanise ngayo iimveliso ezininzi. Kungenxa yoko le nto idumile ekuphekeni. Ngexesha ukupheka, sebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango ubushushu. Meat ukupheka, ukubhaka, nasentweni ephekiweyo kunye Qhotsa pripuskayut.

Thermal processing yenkomo oqondela isakhiwo imveliso, ukunyamekelayo oko intumekelelo, alitshabalalise iintsholongwane eziyingozi.

Ikho nenye indlela yokulungiselela ukudla phambi nobushushu unyango - lendle (Isicatshulwa of okuthambile wokudla elibanjwe ndizayo). Lusetyenziswe xa kusenziwa injengeesoseji.

Iiprothini namafutha

inyama Ukwanda asidi aminocarboxylic kunegalelo i protein eninzi (14-24%). Kwi osidingayo imveliso achaphazelekayo ngokuthi bubukho kuyo elikhulu mali amafutha (30-40%).

Xa wokugaya elide ukugaya inyama okunamafutha. Sondlo ngenxa yayo njalo isakhiwo iiprothini, kodwa ubukhulu becala nenqatha, oganikhi khompawundi kunye extractive kwezinto.

inyama yenkomo iqulethe 2,9-16% otyebileyo 14-21% iiproteins; yehagu, kuxhomekeke iqondo ukubhitya - 28, 33-49 17% nenqatha, 14-12% protein; hen - 8-18% otyebileyo 18-21% protein. Le turkey protein inkulwlana kancinci.

Umvundla iqulethe 21% protein-11% namanqatha. Kuyacetyiswa kwi unyango kunye yokudla izidlo ezininzi.

njengenkunkuma

Izilwanyana kusinika kuphela inyama. ixabiso lesondlo byproducts ezininzi (ulwimi, izintso, intliziyo) iphezulu kakhulu. Uninzi ebazisa kwesibindi, njengokuba kubhaliwe lomshicileli ubuncwane beempahla iivithamini ka ezahlukeneyo amaqela, ngokunjalo ngegazi-Owenza izinto. Zonke izinto trace wendele ngokugqibeleleyo ukusuka kubushushu kakubi kwesibindi (ebilisiweyo, yathamba, eqhotsiweyo) kunye pates, ngoko ke, akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa oko isiqingatha womoji-zonka (abaninzi Sicebisa ngokwenza oko hemoglobini kwanciphisa). Noko ke, isibindi iqulethe purines, cholesterol, uric acid, ngoko sifo, isifo sezintso, yegazi, nabo utyebile, kuyimfuneko ukuba ngcathu.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ecaleni inyama ukudla kwabo, nto leyo ixabiso eliphezulu ngokwenene lesondlo, ayikhuthazwa ngokupheleleyo.

Inkolelo yokuba inyama - eziyingozi imveliso sokunikeza. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, uya kungenelwa kuphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa obengo, ifaka kwakhona kunokuba yingozi emzimbeni womntu.