Imvelaphi yegama leLaddai echibi. Ichibi Lolusuku: inkcazelo nesithombe

ILake Valday yiyona nto ikhumbule imbali yaseRashiya. Ifumaneka kwiValdai Upland, eyi-140 km kwintshona-mpuma yeVeliky Novgorod, idibanisa i-expanses yepaki yesizwe. Eyaziwayo kwixesha elidlulileyo, ilitye lilondoloze imfihlo yegama layo, kwaye enye inokuqiqa ukuba izimpande zisekelwe ngaphantsi kwamanzi aqhelekileyo emifula yaseRussia kunye namanqanawa. Masizame ukusondela kwimigqabha ye-hydronym ehlukile.

I-Valdai Upland yindawo yokulala yaseRashiya

Ubuhle kunye nobukhulu beRashiya bubuthathaka ngokupheleleyo kwi-Valdai Upland. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zaseRashiya zihlobisa imida yamanzi kunye namachibi angenakubalwa, ekhethekileyo kwaye ehlukile. Kukho abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu kubo apha. Ukusuka apha baqala uhambo lwabo: bawela emantla ukuya eBaltic, kumzantsi ukuya kwiiCaspian kunye namaLwandle amnyama. Nantsi imithombo ye-Volga, i- Western Dvina kunye ne-Dnieper, amakhulu amancinci amancinci kunye namawaka emithombo, exabiswa njengemithombo yamanzi amachiza okunciphisa. Inxalenye enkulu yamanzi eNeva iqokelelwa kwi-Valdai Upland. Akunangqondo nje ukuba iValdai ibizwa ngokuba ngumkhwa wesiRashiya. Yisiqalo sesitya sezilwandle ezintathu kunye nomthombo oyintloko wamanzi amnandi eRashiya. Ukungena kwiindawo zokuqala ezilishumi ezihlambulukileyo ezihlambulukileyo ezinokuncediswa kwempahla ekhethekileyo, ininzi yeziqithi ezinkulu kunye ezincinci, ezijikelezwe ngamahlathi amakhulu amakhulu, iValdai Lake ayikho nje into ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa iyakuthandwa ngabantu abaninzi abahlala kufuphi okanye bahlala kunye neembali zaseRashiya.

Umvelaphi weLaldai Lake

Njengamanzi amaninzi amanzi, Valdai unemvelaphi yebala. Kuye kuye ukuba i-echibi libiza iindawo ezinobunxweme ezinxweme ezinxwemeni kunye nezilwanyana ezintle. Kufuphi kufuphi nelibi liDinner (ngokugxininisa kwisilagidi yokugqibela) idibanisa ne-Valdai yemitha yemitha eyi-100, eyakhiwa ngamonki e-Iversky Monastery. Ukuzaliswa kwamachibi omabini omabili kuqhutyelwa, ngokukodwa, ngexabiso lemithombo kunye nezitshixo, okwenza amanzi abandale kunye ne-crystal-clear, kunye ne-bottom-clean. Kwi-mirror surface ye-echibi iindawo eziqhekekileyo, ezintathu zazo zikhulu kakhulu: i-Rowan, i-Birch ne-Patial. Isixeko saseValdai sisebhantshini entshonalanga.

Iimpawu zama-hydronyms

Ukuba siqhathanisa indawo yesibuko saseLaldai Lake kunye nabazalwana bayo uSeliger okanye i-Ilmen, ngoko ke, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ilahleka ngaphandle kokuthatha i-20 km ² kwindawo ehlala kuyo. Ubude obukhulu beli gumbi li-10 km, kwaye ububanzi buyi-5 km. Kodwa akunangqiqo ukulinganisa amachibi anenani leekhilomitha ezili-square. Ubuhle obuyingqayizivele bobubuko bomhlaba kunye nokusabalalisa kweziqithi, ukuthabatha ubuhle be-pleses, ubukhulu bendawo yokwakha ye-Iversky Monastery, eyakhula kwiSiqithi saseRowan, yonke iLake Valdai.

Pond parameters

Nangona iqondo eliqhelekileyo lechibi lilingana ne-12 m, ukukhululeka okungaqinisekiyo kweemvelaphi ezingaphantsi: kwezinye iindawo, ubungakanani bokuba bunzulu bungama-52 kunye nemitha engaphezulu. I-echibi linenkxwaleko ejulile, ngaphezu kwe-40% yendawo yayo yonke indawo inobungakanani obungaphezu kwe-15 m. Isiqithi saseRowan, esisezantsi kwelabi, sihlula zibe ziintlambo ezimbini-iValdai neDolgoborodsky. Ixesha eliphela lebusika lekhalenda uze kube nguMeyi i-reservoir iqiniswe yi-shell shell. I-Valdai Ichibi liyingxenye yenkqantosi ekhethiweyo yendalo yehlathi, ukwenzela ukukhusela ngo-1991 i-Valdai State National Park.

ILake ngoLwesihlanu, esithombeni sayo sinikezwa, sele simi. Umthamo omkhulu wamanzi okhoyo kuwo, kunye nokuhamba kancinci, kukhokelela ekuguquleni kwamanzi ngokugqibeleleyo kwiminyaka engama-40. Ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi kule ndawo kuheha abalobi. Ngokwezibalo ezithunyelwe ngokulawulwa kwepaki kazwelonke, rhoqo ngonyaka ukusuka kwiValdai echibini ibanjwe kwiitoni ezingama-40 zeentlanzi, ubuninzi beentlanzi, i-ruff ne-perch yobude obude.

Imvelaphi yegama leValdai Lake

Kwaye namhlanje iingxabano malunga nencazelo yegama elithi "Valdai" alipheli. Abahlali bokuqala abaselunxwemeni beli lizwe zaseFinnno-Ugric, kwaye intsingiselo yegama elithi "Valda" liguqulelwe ukusuka kwisiqhelo sabo "njengamanzi aphilileyo,". I-Baltic "wald" ithetha indawo, i-volost, ilifa. ISlavic "volot" iguqulelwe, njengombusi, iqhawe. I-Moldova "ibhalte" ithetha "ukuthutha", kwaye sinokuyicinga ngokuguqulela okulandelayo: "i-echibi elisehlabathini lomhlaba." Ngoku akunakwenzeka ukuseka indlela, ngubani na xa ekhuphule negama. Omnye unokuthi - zininzi zenzululwazi-izazi-mlando, ezininzi iingcamango. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba igama leLaldai Lake livela egameni lomkhandi onobuhle u-Valda, owayesehlala echibini waza wanikela igama lakhe emzimbeni wamanzi njengelungileyo. Abanye baqhubela phambili ezinye iinguqulelo, kodwa into enye ayinakuphikiswa: amanzi ahlambulukileyo, okuyingqayizivele kunye neentlobo ezicebileyo kunye nezilwanyana zaselunxwemeni ziyazisusa iingxabano ezingadingekile - oku kunene ulwandle oluqaqambileyo, oluphilisa ubomi. Akubalulekanga kakhulu imvelaphi yegama leLayini ye-Valday, into ephambili kukuba ikhona kwixesha la mandulo kuze kube namhlanje kwaye isinika ubungqina kunye namandla.

Iingxelo zembali

Ngokutsho kwezinto zakudala, abantu baqala ukuhlala eValdai kwiLay Age. 4-5 iwaka leminyaka eyadlulayo, le mimandla yayiqondwe yiBalts (okhokho beentlanga zaseBaltic zanamuhla) kunye nezizwe zaseFinland, ezishiya isikhumbuzo ngokwawo ngamagama amangalisayo amachibi nemifula. Kwi-1 leminyaka ye-AD. E. Kwi-Valdai kwavela amaSlav, avela kummandla wasentshonalanga yeIlmen nakwindawo esezantsi - i-Dnieper engenhla.

Kuthetha kwiingxelo

Ngelishwa, akukho ncwadana yembali eqinisekisile imvelaphi yegama leValdai Lake. Ukukhankanywa kokuqala kwengxelo ye-Valdai yokuhlala kwiindidi ezimbini, ezavela kwindlela yokurhweba esuka eMoscow ukuya eNogorgorod, iqala ngo-1495. Kwaye emva kwesigama sekhulu uValdai waba yimbutho yebhola ye-palace, ehlangene nemizana eminingi ejikeleze iValdai Lake, enama-94 eeyadi kwaye ebizwa ngamaxwebhu kwidolophana yaseValdai nge-squat. Ngo-1654, malunga nokulungiswa kunye nokufumanisa kwiSiqithi saseRowan se-Iversky Monastery, idolophini yaseValdai inikwe igama elihlukile. Ukususela ngoku kuya kuba yi-Bogoroditsky kwaye iya kwifa leendwendwe. Kodwa ixesha alimi. Kwaye idolophana, ehamba ngeyona ndlela ebalulekileyo yaseRussia i-Moscow-St. Petersburg, ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ifumana indawo yeso sixeko, ingene kwiphondo laseNovgorod iphinde ibuyise igama elizukileyo likaValdai. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1770. Ngalesi xesha inani elinyukayo labemi lenza umsebenzi oyingqayizivele: umnyama, isiseko kunye nokupheka. Njengoko ama-mushroom akhula iindidi ezininzi.

Intshonalanga ye-Iversky - isikhumbuzo esihle kwi-Orthodoxy yaseRashiya

Valdai Ichibi - ngokucokisekileyo ukucoceka, phantse kungakhange kukhishwe ikhoneni lempucuko - ngamaxesha onke ekhangele abantu abafuna ukuhlala yedwa kunye nenjongo yobomi. Ngoko unzalamizi uNikon, ekhangele kule ndawo, ngo-1653 wayala ukuba kwakhiwe iindwendwe ngokuhlonipha uphawu olungummangaliso lwe-Iberia lukaMama kaThixo kwiSiqithi saseRyabinov. Ngokutsho kwesicwangciso se-patriarch, i-monasteri yaba yindawo ephakamileyo yokubambisana kwe-Orthodoxy yomhlaba wonke kunye nokuqokelela kweendawo ezingcwele, ngokuzibiza njengento ebalulekileyo kwiindawo zonqulo nenkcubeko yelizwe. Iqela lokwakha i-monastery yase-Iberia ngokwalo liqhelekileyo kwaye liqhelekile. Ukucwangciswa kobunzima bwenziwa ngokubandakanyeka ngqo kwi-Nikon, kwaye igcinwe ngokupheleleyo kuze kube namhlanje. Ngokwe siseko salo lwakhiwo, unzalamizi wavula isikolo sokuqala samaRashiya esiqhelanisiweyo, esabangela indawo ecacileyo yokwakha izakhiwo zelitye kwikota yesibini ye-17.

Ibhantshi yase-Iberia iyindawo yokumangalisa

Kwindlu yeendwendwe yayisebenza indlu yokuqala yokushicilela yaseRussia, izakhiwo ezingaqhelekanga zodwa zaphuhliswa: iileyile ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo zaveliswa, iintsimbi zenziwa. Imisebenzi eyingqayizivele yabalinganiswa bezithonjana, imifanekiso yamatye, imithi kunye namathambo atyhola ingcamango yeengcali zanamhlanje. Ngo-1654, ngokwe-diploma yeTsar Aleksei Mikhailovich, iLaldai Lake, kunye neziqithi zayo, idolophana kunye neentlanzi, yahanjiswa kwi-monasteri. I-monastery yaqala ukubizwa ngokuba nguSvyatoozersky, kunye neLake Valday - iLwandle oluNgcwele. Imbali yendlu yeendwendwe iqulethe kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-peripeteias, kodwa i-historical and architectural assembly egcinwe kwiinkulungwane. Ukususela ngo-1991 i-Monthstery ye-Iversky idluliselwe kwiCawa yaseOrthodox yaseRussia, yabuye yavuselelwa ngo-2007-2008 kwaye yahlanjululwa nguPatriciary Alexy II. Namhlanje, ii-arhente zokuhamba zihlela ukuhamba kunye nelungelo lokuya kwiinkonzo zikaThixo, ukuvula ukufikelela kwimimiselo engcwele, uphawu olungummangaliso lwe-Iberia kunye nezinye izinto ezingcwele.

Iholide eValdai

Kodwa buyele e chibi. Indawo yayo efanelekileyo ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eSt. Petersburg ivumela abathandi belizwe ukuba bachithe iveki kwi-weekend kwaye babuyiselwe ekuqaleni kweveki yomsebenzi. Akusikho isizathu sokuba imvelaphi yegama leValdai Lake, njengoko uninzi lwababhali-bhankqalazi ludla, lusempondweni yeFinnish "Valda" - "ecocekileyo, ekhanyayo, ephilileyo." Akukho ncazelo engcono efanelekileyo kwezi ndawo, kungekhona nje kwi-echibi, kodwa nakumahlathi azungezile ngama-glades afudumele ilanga, ukugcina iimfihlo zehlabathi, i-oki kunye nemisedare enamandla. Amahlathi aseValdai alula kwaye anqabile kwiindawo zokuhamba kunye namakhowa, ukukholisa abathandi behlathi.

Ubume bepaki yelizwe lubeka umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwabaqhubi kunye neenqanawa zeemoto, ngoko ke ezinye eziseLwandle zizolile kwaye zizolise. Indawo yokuhlala ixhomekeke kwiinjongo zokuhlala echibini. Abalobi bezilwanyana, abaza kwiholide baze bafune ukubamba iintlanzi ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, bahlala bekhetha izindlu ezizimeleyo kwiidolophana ezikufutshane, abemi babo babemkela ububele kwaye baqhele ukutyelela abavakhenkethi besixeko. Ngabo, unokuvuma ngokuqesha isikhephe. Ukuloba - ixesha elihle lokuzonwabisa, kukuvumela ukuba uphume kwiingxaki uze ukhulule umphefumlo wakho.

Iholide zentsapho kunye nabantwana zikhethwa ukuchitha, ukuhlala ehotele okanye ehotele, ukubonelela ngamagumbi akhululekile kuphela, kodwa kunye neenkonzo ezipheleleyo: ukuhamba, ukuqeshisa izixhobo eziyimfuneko. Valdai amahotele azinxweme ezifanelekileyo ezigcinwe kakuhle, ezibonelela ngokukhululeka kubakhenkethi. Iindwendwe ezithandayo zokubheka kwiindawo zeNdlunkulu zase-Iversky, iMyuziyam yeSixeko sase-Andzd kunye neMyuziyam yeBell. Kwakhona apha uya kunikwa ukhetho lweehotele, ezininzi ezijikeleze umgama weLaddai. Ezinye iifoto zeemiboniso zichazwe kwinqaku. Ukucoceka nokucoceka kwezindlu zezindlu kunye neehotele, kunye nokucaca kwe-crystal yamanzi kunye nomoya, ubuhle bamahlathi ehlabathi buya kwenza ukuba iholide ingalibaleki. Nangona igama elifihlakeleyo lechibi uValdai liya kuhlala liyimfihlakalo.