Inoveli "Intliziyo Dog": imbali kwendalo nekamva

Inoveli "Intliziyo Dog", imbali kwendalo yayo kubonisiwe kweli nqaku - enye imisebenzi abadumileyo ababhali Russian ye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX Mihaila Afanasevicha Bulgakova. Ibali ebhalwe kule minyaka wokuqala wokugcina amandla Soviet, ukubonakalisa ngokuchanekileyo kanye mood ezazikhona eluntwini elitsha. Ngoko kanye akuvumelekile ukuba ukushicilela de perestroika.

Imbali Imisebenzi yokubhala

Inoveli "Intliziyo Dog," ibali yendalo nesuka ngo-1925, yabhalwa Bulgakov kwixesha elifutshane. Nje kweenyanga ezintathu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, njengokuba umntu onengqondo, wayenokholo encinane into yokuba imveliso enjalo liprintwe. Ngoko ke, ukuba kudliwe kwizintlu ayaziwa kuphela abahlobo bakhe abasenyongweni nabo.

Xa ezandleni urhulumente waseSoviet yokuqala ngo-1926, lo inoveli "Intliziyo Inja." Ngokwembali le isipili okunene ekuqaleni eSoviet wadlala indima GPU, eyafunyanwa ngawo ukhangelo yombhali ngomhla we-7 Meyi. Lo mbhalo ziyathathwa. Imbali i "Intliziyo Dog" sele inxulumene eSoviet kuvimba abecuphi. Zonke abahleli umbhalo wafumana ngoku ziyafumaneka kubaphandi nabagxeki zoncwadi. Ke ingafunyanwa kwi-Russian State Library. Bona zigcinwa kwisebe ngqangi. Ukuba behlaziya ngenyameko imbali i "Intliziyo Dog" yi Bulgakov avuke phambi wena.

Okumiselwe isebenza kwi West

Ngokusesikweni ukufunda lo msebenzi eSoviet Union waba ngokoqobo. Kwi-USSR, kuya kuthunyelwa kuphela samizdat. Imbali i "Intliziyo Dog" ebazi bonke, abaninzi kangaka wazama ukuyifunda, ukuba babingelela ebuthongweni babo. Emva kokuba ngqangi upasisiwe ixesha elifutshane (rhoqo kuphela ubusuku omnye), kusasa ngayo kwafuneka ukuba anike omnye umntu.

Iinzame ukuprinta isincoko Bulgakov kwi West athathwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Imbali kwinoveli "Intliziyo Dog" zaphesheya ngo-1967. Kodwa kwenzeka ngaphandle nasiphako. Okubhaliweyo wakhutshelwa kamsinya ngokungakhathali. umhlolokazi zombhali Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova wayengekho belusazi oku. Kungenjalo, oku khangela ngokuchaneka ibali itekisi "Intliziyo Inja." Imbali yokudalwa umsebenzi nezindlu zokupapasha Koloni baza ngqangi nengachanekanga kakhulu.

Kuba okokuqala yanyatheliswa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1968 kweli phephancwadi "Ubuso" isiJamani, esekelwe kwicandelwana Frankfurt. Kananjalo le magazini "Student", nto ezo Alek Flegon eLondon. Ngaloo mihla, kukho ulawulo ongabhalwanga ekuthe kwimeko ukupapashwa zobugcisa aphesheya sapapashwa kwilizwe iba ngokuzenzekela nzima. Kwaba imbali kwendalo kunye "Intliziyo Dog" yi Bulgakov. Kuvela endlwini sokushicilela eSoviet ngoko nje ibingakholeleki.

Incwadi yokuqala kwilizwe

Bulelani kuphela perestroika kunye glasnost readers Russian baba ekhoyo emininzi imisebenzi engundoqo kwinkulungwane XX. Kuquka "Intliziyo Inja." Imbali yokudalwa kwaye ikamva le bali lokuba ekhaya umsebenzi lwapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1987. Kwathi le magazini "Inkwenkwezi".

Noko ke, isiseko uye wakhonza yonke ikopi engeyizizo efanayo apho ibali yayibhalwe amazwe. Kamva, abaphandi Kuqikelelwa ukuba nokubakho iwaka ubuncinane iimpazamo kunye ezingezizo. Noko ke, kule fomu de 1989 yaprintwa "Intliziyo Inja." Imbali elifutshane yayinokubhekisela kumaphepha nje ezimbalwa. Enyanisweni, wadlula phambi kokuba ibali engamashumi beza umfundi.

umbhalo wokuqala

I lungile lo inaccuracy eyaziwa ngumphandi Ngelishwa uyilo Bulgakov, kombhalo umgxeki loncwadi noLidiya Yankovskaya.

Uhlelo volume-ezimbini ezikhethiweyo imisebenzi Bulgakov , yena kupapashwa kuqala okubhaliweyo yokuqala njengoko sisazi namhlanje. Ngoko yabhalwa Bulgakov ngokwakhe kwi "Intliziyo Inja." Imbali ibali, njengoko sele sibonile, akuzange kube lula.

Licebo ibali

imisebenzi inyathelo ithatha indawo kwikomkhulu ngo-1924. Xa iziko - ugqirha odumileyo, yesikhanyiso inzululwazi filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky. Uphando lwakhe eziphambili iqwalasele lobomi komzimba womntu. Oku baphumelele ibonwe. Kuba thethwano kunye nemisebenzi apho phantse ngumntu wokuqala kweli lizwe ebhaliweyo.

Izifundo phambili, wagqiba phezu eksperimenti nobuganga obukwanjalo. Ukufakelwa inja yebhinqa yabantu. Njengoko isilwanyana sokusebenza ukhetha iyadi eqhelekileyo dog ibhola oluphumayo ngandlela wayebethelelwe kuyo ngaphandle. Imiphumela zibe ngokoqobo eyothusayo. Kungekudala emva koko Ball waqalisa ukuba ibe ngumntu wokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo kunye nengqiqo ukuba uzuze kungekhona inja, naphezu drunks kunye snapper Klima Chugunkina, owaba ingqondo yebhinqa.

Ekuqaleni ibali yasasazwa kuphela kwizangqa zemfundo phakathi oonjingalwazi, kodwa kungekudala avuza-ndaba. Ndafunda ngayo sonke isixeko. oogxa uguquka yabonisa sibe kunye Ball bonisa amagqirha evela kwilizwe liphela. Kodwa filipp Filippovich kuqala ukuqonda iziphumo ziya kuba yintoni ezoyikekayo lo msebenzi.

uguquka Ball

Ngelo xesha, ibhola, nto leyo ibuye ibe yokuba ngokuphelele, uqala ukuba ibe nefuthe elibi wamaKomanisi-ntliziyo igama Shvonder. Kuyo ekukhathazayo, ukuba uyazazi ukuba, leyo anamcudisa oongxowankulu, bemelwe yi- Professor Preobrazhensky. Yiloo nto kanye eyenzekayo, leyo walwa Oktobha Revolution.

Inika amaxwebhu Shvonder hero. Yena Ball engasekho neebhola kunegrafu Polygraphovich. Amalungiselelo ukusebenza kwinkonzo elaneleyo lokufakwa nokutshatyalaliswa yezilwanyana. Okokuqala, oko kukuthi, Kakade ke, banomdla ziikati.

Baphenjelelwa Shvonder kunye Amaso zoncwadi ubuxoki yobukomanisi iqala uprofesa krwada. Kuyimfuneko ukuba babhalise ngokwabo. Ekugqibeleni wabhala ukulahlwa loogqirha bababuyisa kuye inja ibe abantu. Yonke iphela ngehlazo. Preobrazhenisky ngubani ungenako ukubathwala, kwaye ngakumbi, utyando umva, babuyele inja hope yebhinqa. Ekugqibeleni uphelelwa ubuso bayo yabantu wabuyela oluphambili.

uvuthondaba zepolitiki

Le mveliso - a umzekelo ocacileyo we elibukhali uvuthondaba kwezopolitiko. Ukutolikwa iqhelekileyo linxulunyaniswa ingcamango uyazazi bengasenasazela ukuvuka ngenxa zemishini ka-Oktobha Revolution. Iibhola yi umfanekiso yokomfuziselo le lumpenproletariat yamandulo, owathi, ebamkele inani ngokungalindelekanga elikhulu amalungelo nenkululeko, oko uqala ukubonisa i umdla kuphela zokuzingca.

Bayahlelwa yokugqibela abasunguli bali Sharikova ukhangela ekufanele bayifumane. Oku, ngokutsho kubaphandi abaninzi, Bulgakov kwangaphambili ubunzima repressions elizayo le-30. Ngenxa yoko, ubunzima abaninzi amaKomanisi abanyanisekileyo, abahola uloyiso kwi revolution. Ngenxa yoko sokulwa kubo badutyulwa, abanye bathunyelwa kwiinkampu.

Le owazisa kwakhona yasungulwa Bulgakov, abaninzi kubonakala ngumntu.

Iibhola - a Stalin

Kukho omnye ke, ukucaciswa yebali. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba kukho uvuthondaba yezopolitiko elibukhali kwi zobunkokeli lizwe, nto leyo eye wasebenza 20 ephakathi.

Sharikova prototype ebomini lokwenyani iosif Stalin. Hayi kwazenzekela ukuba "Iron" Igama losapho. Khumbula ukuba igama lokuqala lomntu zilinywe inja yebhinqa - Klim Chugunkin. Ngokwale ncwadi, kwase le unjingalwazi Kumbi wayeyinkokeli ye revolution, uVladimir Lenin. Ke umlungiseleli wakhe, uGqr Bormental ukuba usoloko uphikisana ibhola - yi noTrotsky, ogama real - Bronstein. Ke Bormental and Bronstein - iifani zamaYuda.

Ngaba AMAGQABAZA ▸ abanye abalinganiswa. Assistant Preobrazhenskogo Zina - yi Zinoviev, Shvonder - Stone and uDaria - Dzerzhinsky.

yokuhlolwa Soviet

indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwimbali indalo le piece edlalwe yi-censors yiSoviet. Xa yokuqala yePhetshana leeNdaba ze kwinoveli yayineembekiselo ngqo namanani zezopolitiko ixesha.

Bulgakov entliziyweni yakhe, wayethembe ukuba kushicilelwe. Kwaye nkqu nayo le lwencwadi "Nadra". Kodwa ukusuka apho wagqiba ukuthumela ukuba iimpazamo e Glavlit, ababa lokuvuma isiqulatho phephancwadi. Ngoko kwabonakala nabahleli ukungathembeki.

Enye kwimibhalo-ngqangi yawa ezandleni Kamenev, lowo wabeka umlomo engqongqo kokupapashwa inoveli, esithi "kwiphetshana elibukhali kwi ngoku." Umsebenzi samizdat waqalisa ukusasaza ezandleni kuphela ukusukela 30. Udumo lonke ilizwe iye yazuza kakhulu kamva - ngexesha perestroika