Idlelo supply yesekethe - umzekelo ukuzalana eziphilayo ngaphakathi biocenosis

Kuyo nayiphi na biocenosis apho ngeebhayisikile le nto. Oku kuthetha ukuba sasingahlali ndawonye, nokusuka nendalo ezingaphiliyo ukuba baphile kwakhona. Umthombo wamandla yale nkqubo ilanga. amandla lakhe kumjikelo wokuqala iguqulelwa amandla eekhemikhali, ngoko zibe mechanical koko ibe bubushushu ngenxa ukutya eziphilayo ngaphakathi kuluntu eziphilayo.

Ezi buhlobo ebizwa kwakhona imixokelelwane trophic.

ingqiqo jikelele

Kuba ubudlelwane isifundo biocenotic epheleleyo phakathi eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kwinzululwazi kusebenza ingqikelelo kwikhonkco lokutya. Biology omnika le nkcazelo ilandelayo: lo ngcelele kweentlobo okanye amaqela eziphilayo, ekukhoyo kuzo ngocwangco ubudlelwane ukutya, kunye ikhonkco nganye elandulela chain ke ukutya kamva.

Unxibelelwano lwe kwikhonkco lokutya

Kuyo nayiphi na ikhonkco lokutya , kukho unxibelelwano eziliqela.

Ikhonkco lokuqala abalimi, okanye abavelisi. indima yabo wenziwa zizityalo autotrophic, nto leyo inkqubo yefotosinthesis aguqule amandla elanga ibe amandla imichiza.

Ikhonkco lwesibini consuments. Bona Azityi (abasebenzisi abaphambili) kunye nezidla (nabathengi lesibini nelesithathu) nezilwanyana.

Ikhonkco sesithathu - it eziphilayo. Baya kuvela microorganisms ukubola iintsalela eziphilayo nezinto ezingaphiliyo.

iphiramidi Environmental

Xa utshintsho ukusuka link enye trophic (isondlo) ukuya kwenye isoloko kwenzeka izinto namandla ilahleko phindene kalishumi. Oku kugqalwa iphiramidi esengqiqweni eziphilayo ekuthiwa ulawulo eziphilayo.

Isiseko iphiramidi amalungiselelo abavelisi. Ngaphezu kwazo abathengi zaseprayimari. Inqanaba elilandelayo ngabathengi lesibini nelesithathu. Isendaweni phezu ezizingelayo phezulu. Ukuphakama iiphiramidi kuba ubude ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwikhonkco lokutya. Ngokuqhelekileyo ayenzi ngaphezulu iiyunithi 4-5 ngenxa ukwehla ngokukhawuleza amandla.

Kubalulekile ukuba isakhiwo yeyunithi nganye ziquka iindidi ezininzi zokutya ukutya obungabangeli mdla. Kwaye ke izilwanyana abatya ukutya ezahlukeneyo, kunga- indawo lungalinganiyo umxokelelwane, okanye angene kwiziphaluka ezahlukeneyo.

Types of amatsheyini okutya

Kuzo zonke uluntu zebhayoloji zimelwe iintlobo ezithile liphela. Bona la magama alandelayo: dendritic, utyani. uhlobo nganye uneempawu zawo, kwaye iqala eziphilayo ezithile. Ngoko ke, amadlelo supply chain - umzekelo ukuzalana ukutya eziqala uhlaza ekwaziyo zefotosinthesisi. Loo circuit ngokuqhelekileyo oxhasa i biocenosis. imbonakalo Dendritic iqala eziphilayo ezisebenzisa amandla akhululwe ngexesha lokulungiswa inkunkuma into ephilayo.

Imizekelo amatsheyini okutya

ukwenzela Trophic izinto eziphilayo zemvelo intsonkothe kakhulu. liphela ukufana amaninzi zifumaneka. Imizekelo: izityalo herbaceous - iimpuku ezincinane - izilwane; zengca - ezitya utyani (ungulates) izilwanyana - izilwanyana ezinkulu ezizingelayo. Ezi iziphaluka adibanisa amalungu kwakubalulekile ezahlukeneyo biocenosis kwaye enze ezizinzileyo therebetween zonxibelelwano. Le ntsebenziswano - kwitsheyini lokutya amadlelo. Lo mzekelo ungentla ubonisa ukulandelelana ukwakha iiyunithi apho.

A obunobunzima ubudlelwane trophic ngaphakathi biocenosis luqinisekisa ukuzinza kwalo, uthsintsho kunye ingqibelelo. Ukuba intsalela ilahlekileyo ngaphakathi (ukuhla sabantu ngenxa yalo bhubhane, izenzo zabantu) eziphilayo, nto leyo ikhonkco umxokelelwane, kukho epheleleyo okanye kwinxenye ukutshatyalaliswa lonke uluntu eziphilayo.

Yintoni na le ikhonkco lokutya amadlelo? Imizekelo iquka oku kulandelayo: abantu kudla iimpuku ezincinane ukugcina umhlaba wazo wokudla okuziinkozo. Ngenxa yoko, wafa ngenxa yokunqongophala iintlobo ukutya ezidla, apho babekhonza ukutya. Eminye zizibolisi steel encinane iintsalela zezinto eziphilayo (abafileyo) kwaye bavelisa mali engonelanga kwezinto kwezimbiwa. Isiphumo soku ekugqibeleni waba izityalo ezincinane ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezinto ezingaphiliyo. Ngenxa yoko, yonke biocoenosis nga oskudet jikisa olunye uhlobo.

Kwakhona, ichibi fun kunye nobudlelwane zokubonwayo eziphilayo. Kwakhona vnutripastbischnaya supply chain. Umzekelo ucocwe dama, apho nobulembu kunye zooplankton shwaka. Umphumo waba ekutshabalaleni sentlanzi encinane ukuba adle kuwo. Ngaphezu koko kukho yokuduka iintlanzi yokuphanga. Ngenxa yoko, lunciphisa inani ezincinane, iyantlukwano iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana, inkqubo yonke uyazifohloza phantsi. Ukubuyisela kuya kufuna ixesha elininzi kunye neemeko ezithile.

Ngenxa yoko, iibhondi ukutya ngaphakathi biocenosis yimiba ephambili ezinzileyo kwaye angaphuhli.