Kutheni na isifundo kwezityalo kuthiwa Botany? Botany - ukuhlola lwezityalo

Umntu ngamnye osebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye nehlabathi endalo, kwaye ngokwaso yinxalenye yalo. Ke ukuba lonke ubukho imithetho eziphilayo ukufunda biology, isityalo kwi zindlela Botany njengenxalenye yayo.

Kutheni na isifundo kwezityalo kuthiwa Botany

Izityalo ifakiwe isigaba imidla yabantu, kudala ngaphambi ukuyilwa Botany njenge inzululwazi, ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. isifundo flora sihlobene ngqo umbuzo lokusinda: izityalo - oko ukutya, izinto zokwakha, izixhobo zokwenza iimpahla, namayeza (apho nayiphi na imeko asingekhe silibale) iyingozi. Ulwazi ababeyiqwebile mkhanya efunekayo systematization. Ngoko ke kukho imfuneko yokuba kwakhiwe inzululwazi zezityalo.

Xa efuna impendulo yombuzo kutheni inzululwazi yezityalo kuthiwa Botany, simele sibuyele emva iinkungu ixesha, ngenxa yokuba le mfundiso yenye ezindala emhlabeni yesayensi. Yakha inkqubo ecacileyo ulwazi Botany (Plant Science) ngenqindi phantsi ezifunyenwe ngethuba kwisiqingatha sesibini XVII - kweye XVIII.

Igama inzululwazi, kwakunye nabanye abaninzi, nesinempandla zamaGrike. Ivela ukusuka 'botane "Greek. Eli gama waba iintsingiselo ezininzi, ngengqiqo yokuba "zaluswa", "ukutya" lisetyenziswa akukho alufane ngaphezu ixabiso "izityalo", "ingca". Oku kuquka yonke into bangathathelwa ingqalelo yi kwisityalo: iintyatyambo, nomngundo, ulele, imithi, ubulembu kunye ulele. Igama elithi "nerd" - livela "botane", oko kwakuthetha yonke into enxulumene izityalo. Oko kukuthi, igama elithi: Botany - inzululwazi kwezityalo. Ngoko ke, bezibuza isizathu sokuba inzululwazi yezityalo kuthiwa Botany, impendulo kufuneka kucelwa imvelaphi yesiGrike systematization lolwazi kwihlabathi izityalo ngohlobo yenzululwazi.

Imvelaphi Botany nje isayensi

Aristotle umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu ophathelele kwizilwanyana, ubhengeze imbali efanayo ngezityalo. Akwaziwa nokuba okanye hayi oko kugqityiwe. Ukuba wasinda iziqwenga nje ezimbalwa. Ngoko ke kufanele wokusungula nguyise Botany njengokuba inzululwazi kuthathwa uTheophrastus - umbhali imisebenzi ezimbini ezisisiseko, ezaba sisiseko Botany kule minyaka 1500 elandelayo. Kwaye namhlanje, ukuxabiseka kolwazi, owamiselwa uTheophrastus emsebenzini wakhe, ayinakuphikiswa. Apha kulapho kufumaneka khona impendulo yombuzo kutheni inzululwazi yezityalo kuthiwa Botany. I-sobulumko Greek akakwazi ukufonela oko ngenye indlela.

Kodwa ke uphando Botany ayiphelelanga nje impumelelo impucuko yaseNtshona. ETshayina, kakhulu, wenze igalelo elibalulekileyo, mhlawumbi kukho lukukwenzelana lwesayensi, ucinga nokusebenza Silk Road.

Botany History

isayensi Botany kuboniso mihla baqala ngexesha yobukoloniyali njengendawo zengca abalimi indawo zokufunda kunye nemithi, zifanayo kulo mmandla, kwakunye izityalo abantu beza nabo ukususela neyokudinga kude. Kodwa umdla nzulu flora yabantu iqala imbali yayo ukususela kumaxesha Neolithic. Abantu nje kuphela wazama ukuba ukumisela amayeza izityalo, ngexesha lokulima, ezityiwayo, libya-lobushushu uzinzo korhulumente kwemozulu, isivuno kunye nexabiso lesondlo, kodwa ukulondoloza olu lwazi.

Phambi kokuvela Botany njenge inzululwazi, abantu baye bafunda izityalo esuka kwindawo umbono zenzululwazi. Oku ukusetyenziswa kwezi kwabantu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo iimpawu zonyango yezityalo elinywa zasendle licacisa kuphela. Ukususela ngexesha Bronze Age waye ngokubanzi kusetyenziswe izilimo.

Inqanaba elitsha kuphuhliso yenzululwazi - ulwazi olutsha

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-16 kwemoto ngemicroscope, apho wagqiba isiqalo kwinqanaba ezizodwa kuphuhliso Botany, iye yaveza amathuba amatsha ezazingaziwa ekufundeni izityalo, imbewu, kwaye nkqu umungu. Emva koko inzululwazi wathabatha inyathelo eliya phambili, lokuvula ngomkhusane kwimibandela yokuzala, ukutya, ngaphambili ivalwe nabantu.

Botany kuphuhliswa ngokunxulumene olusondeleyo kunye nophuhliso eziphilayo ngokubanzi. Ngenxa ephanda zenzululwazi abaphilileyo ihlabathi liphela yahlulwa kwizikumkani

• iintsholongwane;
• awafanele;
• izityalo;
• izilwanyana.

Botany ufunda kummandla iintsholongwane, umngundo kunye nezityalo. Uphuhliso Botany njenge zesayensi kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa ekuqaleni abantu bayo yaqala benza kwizityalo ngokwabo, yaye uninzi lweegadi zezityalo, kuxhaphake kakhulu ehlabathini entshona, linikezelwa kwi Ulwahlulo, enyama kunye norhwebo imbewu. Yaba kwiinkulungwane kuphela kamva baba kwamaziko ophando ibalulekileyo.

umbuso plant

Izityalo zingafunyanwa yonke; kumhlaba (amadlelo, amathafa engca, amasimi, amahlathi, iintaba), emanzini (amachibi amanzi, amachibi kunye nemilambo, imigxobhozo, iilwandle kunye neelwandle). Phantse zonke izityalo uwalungise ukukwazi yokuphila ukuguqula amandla elanga ibe iikhompawundi organic ezi yiklorofili oovimba abazizityebi, recycle icarbon dioxide mpilo, kuba apho uhlaza ekuthiwa iplanethi ukukhanya uMhlaba.

Ngelishwa, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, izityalo ezininzi ziphakathi ezinqabileyo okanye ezisengozini, kwaye uluhlu nyaka ngamnye likhula kuphela. abameli abaninzi khokhela ubuhle babo: abantu ayicingi ngomonakalo elikhulu Ndabanga ukuba indalo, ngokunyelisa zitshabalalise izityalo ukuba isipha elide. iinyibiba kule ngxaki ekrakra ehlathini, neenyibiba zamanzi, ulale-ingca.

Ukuze ukukhusela kwezityalo ezinqabileyo ekutshabalaleni, nanzo bangena kwiNcwadi Olubomvu vika kwinqanaba mthetho. Isayensi lifunda isityalo lisebenza njengesiseko ulwazi ukuze xwebhu. Kwaye ngoku umsebenzi wethu sonke - ukuba kulondolozwe flora ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo, ukuze abantwana bethu nabazukulwana baye bakwazi ukubona ubuhle eyodwa zehlabathi izityalo, nto leyo unethamsanqa elaneleyo ukuba ukusibona.