Ingxaki yokutya: Izizathu, iziganeko, unyango

Nasiphi na isifo sokutya singabangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu. Njengomgaqo, kusekelwe kwimiba yengqondo. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuyilahla kunye neengcali.

Iintlobo zeengxaki

Iingcali ziyazi ukuba ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunokuzibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Amacandelo enyango kwimeko nganye kufuneka akhethwe ngabanye. Kuya kuxhomekeka kwi-diagnostic esaziwayo kunye nesimo somguli.

Iintlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ziyiyo:

• Ukunyanzelisa ngokugqithisileyo;
• Bulimia;
• Anorexia.

Akunakwenzeka njalo ukuqonda abantu abahluphekileyo nakweyiphi na le ngxaki. Ngokomzekelo, nge-neurogenic bulimia, isisindo sinokuthi singasesikweni okanye siqhele ngaphantsi komda osezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaqondi ukuba banesifo sokutya. Unyango, ngokombono wabo, ayifuni. Ingozi nayiphi na imeko apho umntu ezama ukuyila imithetho yesondlo kwaye uyayinyamekela. Ngokomzekelo, ukungavumi ngokupheleleyo ukutya emva kweeyure ezingama-16, umqobo onqandekileyo okanye ukulahla ngokupheleleyo ukutya amafutha, kuquka ukuveliswa kwemveliso, kufuneka uqaphele.

Yintoni ekufuneka uyibuke: iimpawu eziyingozi

Akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukuqonda ukuba umntu unengxaki yokutya. Iimpawu zesifo kufuneka ziziwe. Ukufumana ukuba kukho iingxaki, uvavanyo oluncinci luya kunceda. Kufuneka uphendule le mibuzo elandelayo:

• Ngaba ukwesaba ukuba uya kudla?
• Ngaba uzibamba ukuba ucinga ngokutya rhoqo?
• Ngaba unqabile ukutya kunye nendlala?
• Ngaba ubala iikhalori?
• Ngaba ubelana ngokutya kwiincinci ezincinci?
• Ngaba uhlaselwa ngokukhawuleza kokutshatyalaliswa kokutya okungalawulwayo?
• Ngaba udla ngokuthetha ngokunyameka kwakho?
• Ngaba unomnqweno omkhulu wokunciphisa umzimba?
• Ngaba usenza ukuhlanza emva kokutya?
• Ngaba ufumana isisulu emva kokutya?
• Ingaba unqabe ukusebenzisa i-carbohydrate ngokukhawuleza (imikhiqizo yokubhaka, ithokoleta)?
• Ku menu yakho kuphela izitya zokutya?
• Ngaba abanye bazama ukukuxelela ukuba ungadla ngaphezulu?

Ukuba uphendule "ewe" kule mibuzo ngaphezu kwama-5, ngoko kufuneka udibane neengcali. Uya kuba nako ukucacisa uhlobo lwesifo kwaye ukhethe iindlela ezifanelekileyo kakhulu zonyango.

Iinkalo ze-anorexia

Ukulahlwa kokutya kubonakala kubantu ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Naluphi ukuzithintela okuqinileyo, ukhetho olungavamile lweemveliso luphawu lwesifo se-anorexia. Kule meko, izigulane ziloyiko lokuba ziza kubuya. Kwizigulane ezine-anorexia, isalathisi sesininzi somzimba sinokuba ngu-15% ngaphantsi komda osezantsi oqhelekileyo. Banoyika rhoqo ukunyanya. Bakholelwa ukuba ubunzima bube ngaphantsi kwesiqhelo.

Ukongezelela, abantu abajongene nesi sifo, ubonakaliswe ngolu hlobo:

• Ukubonakala kwe-amenorrhea kubasetyhini (ukungabikho kwimihla);
• Ukusebenza kakubi komzimba;
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso sesondo.

Esi sifo sokutya sidla ngokuhamba kunye:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwee-diuretics kunye ne-laxatives;
• Ukukhutshwa ekudleni kokutya okuphezulu kweekhalori;
• Ukubonelela ngokuhlanza;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza okujoliswe ekunciphiseni ukutya;
• Ukusebenza okude kunye nokuphoxekayo ekhaya kunye nakwindawo yokuzivocavoca ngenjongo yokulahlekelwa isisindo.

Ukuseka ukuxilongwa ngokucacileyo, ugqirha kufuneka ahlolisise isigulane. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ungabandakanyi ezinye iingxaki, ezibonakaliswa ngendlela efanayo. Kuphela emva koku kunikwa unyango.

Iimpawu zeBulimia

Kodwa abantu abaneengxaki zengqondo ngesiseko sokutya abanakho ukuvelisa i-anorexia kuphela. Iingcali ziyakwazi ukuxilonga isifo esifana neurogenic njenge-bulimia. Kule meko, izigulane ziyeka ukulawula ukutya kwazo. Banobuqhophololo. Ngokukhawuleza ekupheliseni ukutya, izigulane zinzima kakhulu. Kukho intlungu esiswini, isisongomso, ngokuqhelekileyo iziqwenga zogutto zibangelwa ukuhlanza. Ukuziva unetyala malunga nokuziphatha okunjalo, ukuzondeka kunye nokudakumba kukubangela le ngxaki yokutya. Unyango olungenakwenzeka ukuba lwenziwa.

Ukuphelisa iziphumo zokutya okunjalo, izigulane zizama ukuhlambalaza, ukuhlamba isisu okanye ukuthatha i-laxatives. Kunokwenzeka ukukrokra ukuphuhliswa kwele ngxaki xa umntu ehlaselwa yiengcamango malunga nokutya, iziqwenga eziqhelekileyo zokutya ngokutya, uhlala evakalelwa kukuba unqwenela ukutya. Ngokuqhelekileyo iziqwenga ze-bulimia zincinane ne-anorexia. Xa kungabikho unyango, esi sifo singakhokelela ekulahlekeni kwindleko yokukhawuleza, kodwa kulo mzekelo ibhalansi esele yaphulwa. Ngenxa yoko, kuvela iingxaki ezinzulu, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, isiphumo esibulalayo sinokwenzeka.

Iimpawu zokunyusa ngokunyanisekileyo

Ukufumanisa indlela yokuphelisa ingxaki yokutya, abaninzi bayakhohlwa ukuba iingxaki ezinjalo azikhawulelwanga ku-bulimia kunye ne-anorexia. Oogqirha nabo bajamelana nesifo esinjalo ngokunyanzela. Kuyafana nokubonakaliswa kwayo kwi-bulimia. Kodwa umahluko kukuba abantu abahluphekayo abanakho ukukhutshwa rhoqo. Ezi zigulane azithathi i-laxative okanye i-diuretics, musa ukuhlanza.

Ukuhlaselwa kobuqhetseba kunye nexesha lokuzibamba ngokutya kunokunxulumana nesi sifo. Nangona kwiimeko ezininzi phakathi kweengqungquthela zabantu abadla ngokutya badla ngokuncinci into encinane yokutya. Kungenxa yoko oku kuvela inzuzo enzima. Ingxaki yengqondo yabanye ingavela kuphela ngamaxesha kwaye ibe yiminyaka emfutshane. Ngokomzekelo, le ndlela abantu abathile basabela ngayo xa bexinezeleka, njengokungathi zidla iingxaki. Ngokuncedwa kokutya, abantu abaphethwe ngokunyanzeliswa ngokugqithiseleyo, bafuna ithuba lokunandipha kwaye bazinikele ngokuvakalelwa kwintsha.

Izizathu zokuphuhliswa kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga

Naluphi na ukuphulwa kwesondlo ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kweengcali ezingenakwenza. Kodwa uncedo luya kusebenza kuphela xa kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa izizathu zokuphazamiseka kokutya kunye nokuzikhupha.

Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kubangelwa yizinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukuzijonga ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokuphelela;
• Ubukho bamava obuhlungu;
• Ukugxininisa, kuba namava ngenxa yokungcikiva ebuntwaneni kunye nobunzima besisindo;
• Ukuzithoba ;
• Ukukhathazeka kwengqondo ngenxa yobundlobongela bezesondo kwasebuncinaneni;
• Ukukhathalela ngokweqile komfanekiso kunye nokubonakala kwintsapho;
• I-Genetic predisposition kwizifo ezahlukeneyo zokutya.

Isizathu ngasinye sinokubangela ukuba ukuzithemba okuza kuphulwa. Umntu, kungakhathaliseki ukubonakala kwakhe, uya kuba neentloni ngaye. Ukuchonga abantu abaneengxaki ezinjalo ngenxa yokuba abanelisekanga ngokwabo, abakwazi ukuthetha ngomzimba wabo. Zonke iintsilelo ebomini abazibhalayo ukuba banembonakalo engabonakaliyo.

Iingxaki eziselula

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphazamiseka kwesifo kuqala ngexesha eliphakathi. Emzimbeni womntwana kukho ukutshintshwa kwe-hormonal ephawulekayo, ukubonakala kwakhe kuyahluka. Ngexesha elifanayo, imeko yengqondo kwiqela liyakushintsha - ngeli xesha kubalulekile ukuba abantwana bajonge njengabo, kungekhona ukuhamba ngaphaya kwemilinganiselo esekwe.

Abaninzi abaselula banenkxalabo malunga nokubonakala kwabo, kwaye nxamnye nale mvelaphi banokuphuhlisa iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zengqondo. Ukuba intsapho ayinakunikwa ixesha elaneleyo lokuphuhlisa injongo, ukuzithemba ngokwaneleyo kumntwana, isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo sokutya asizange senziwe, oko kukuthi, umngcipheko wokuba uhlakulele ingxaki yokutya. Kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo, esi sifo sivame ukuvelisa umxholo wokuzithemba. Ngexesha elifanayo banako ukufihla konke kubazali babo ixesha elide.

Ezi ngxaki zikhula, njengomthetho, eneminyaka eyi-11 ukuya kwe13-13-ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa. Abantwana abaselula bayagxila kwingqalelo yabo. Kubo, oku kukuphela kwendlela evumela ukuba ufumane ukuzithemba. Abazali abaninzi baxhaswa kwakhona, besaba ukuba umntwana wabo ukhulise ingxaki yokutya. Kwiintsholongwane kunokuba nzima ukunquma umgca phakathi kokukhathazeka okuqhelekileyo kunye neemeko zesifo esithile apho ixesha lokulila i-alamu. Abazali kufuneka baqale ukuxhalaba xa bebona ukuba umntwana:

• Ungazama ukuya kwiindwendwe apho kuza kuba nemikhosi;
• Ichitha ixesha elininzi kwimisebenzi yomzimba ukwenzela ukutshisa iikhalori;
• Akanelisekanga ngokubonakala kwakhe;
• Usebenzisa i-laxatives kunye ne-diuretics;
• Ilungiswe ekulawuleni isisindo;
• Ngokugqithisileyo ubeka umxholo wekhalori yokutya kunye nobukhulu bezinxalenye.

Kodwa abazali abaninzi bacinga ukuba ukuphazamiseka kokutya kwabantwana akunakukwazi. Ngelo xesha, baqhubeka beqwalasela abatsha babo abaneminyaka engama-13 ukuya ku-15 ubudala njengeintsana, ukuvala amehlo abo kwisifo esiye savela.

Imiphumo eyenzekayo yokutya kwezifo

Akunakwenzeka ukunyanzelisa iingxaki ezi zinto zingabangela. Emva kwakho konke, abachaphazeli kuphela kwimpembelelo kwimpilo, kodwa banokubangela ukufa. I-Bulimia, njenge-anorexia, ibangela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukuhluleka kwezintso kunye nesifo senhliziyo. Ngokuhlanza rhoqo, okubangela ukungabikho kwezondlo, iingxaki ezinjalo ziyakhula:

• Ukulimala kwiintso nasisu;
• Ukuvakalelwa intlungu rhoqo kwisisu;
• Uphuhliso lwee-caries (luqala ngenxa yesiphumo esisisigxina seso sesisu);
• Ukungabi ne-potassium (kubangela iingxaki ngentliziyo kwaye kunokubangela ukufa);
• Amenorrhea;
• Ukubonakala kwezitama "i-hamster" (ngenxa yokunyuka kwamathambo kwiingqungquthela ze-salivary).

Nge-anorexia, umzimba uya kwi-soythi yokuzila ukudla. Oku kungabonakaliswa yimpawu:

• Ukulahlekelwa kweenwele, ukuphula izipikili;
• IAnemia;
• Amenorrhea kubasetyhini;
• Ukunciphisa izinga lentliziyo, ukuphefumula, uxinzelelo lwegazi;
• Ukuzondla kwesisu;
• Ukubonakala kwenqanaba yeenwele kuwo wonke umzimba;
• Ukuphuhliswa kwe-osteoporosis - isifo esibonakaliswe ukunyuka kwamathambo;
• Ukwandiswa ngobukhulu bamajoyina.

Ngaphambili eso sifo sifumaneka, ukukhawuleza kuya kukhishwa. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kwanebhedlele imfuneko.

Uncedo lweengqondo

Abantu abaninzi abaneengxaki zokutya ezicacileyo banomuva wokuba abanakho iingxaki. Kodwa ngaphandle koncediso lwezokwelapha, akunakwenzeka ukulungisa imeko. Emva kwakho konke, awukwazi ukujonga indlela yokwenza i-psychotherapy yezidlo zokutya. Ukuba isigulane sichasa kwaye siyayenzela unyango, ingcali yengqondo ingadinga uncedo. Ngendlela edibeneyo, umntu unokuncedwa ukuphelisa iingxaki. Emva koko, ngokuphulwa kakubi, enye ingqondo yengqondo inganelanga. Kule meko, unyango luyalelwe.

I-Psychotherapy kufuneka ijoliswe kumsebenzi womntu ngendlela yakhe. Kumele aqale ukuhlola ngokwaneleyo aze amkele umzimba wakhe. Ukulungiswa kwakhona kufuneka kudibana nokutya. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuphumeza izizathu ezibangele ukuphulwa okunjalo. Iingcali ezisebenzisana nabantu abaneengxaki zokutya zithi izigulane zabo zixhalabele kwaye zixhomekeke kwiziganeko ezintle ezifana nokukhathazeka, ukudandatheka, umsindo, ukudabuka.

Kubo, nayiphi na isithintelo ekudleni okanye ekudleni, ukunyamezela ngokwemvelo yindlela yokuphucula ixesha labo. Kufuneka bafunde indlela yokulawula iimvakalelo zabo neemvakalelo zabo, ngaphandle kwalokhu abayi kukwazi ukunqoba ingxaki yokutya. Indlela yokuphatha esi sifo, kufuneka ujongane neengcali. Kodwa injongo ephambili yonyango ukudala indlela efanelekileyo yokuphila kwisigulane.

Umsebenzi ogqithiseleyo ukukrazula ingxaki yilabo abanalo ubudlelwane obudityanelweyo kwintsapho okanye uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo emsebenzini. Ngoko ke, iingqondo ze-psychotherapists nazo kufuneka zisebenze ngolwalamano nabanye. Ngaphambili umntu uyazi ukuba unenkinga, kulula ukuba uyayilahla.

Ixesha lokubuyisela

Umsebenzi obunzima kakhulu kwizigulane kukuphuhliswa kokuzithanda. Kufuneka bafunde ukuziqonda njengomntu. Ukuzithemba ngokwaneleyo kunokukwazi ukubuyisela imeko yakho yomzimba. Ngoko ke, ukusebenza kwezi zigulane kufuneka babe ngabafilotiki kunye neengqondo zengqondo (kunye kwezinye iimeko, i-psychiatrists) ngexesha elinye.

Iingcali kufuneka zincede ukunqoba ingxaki yokutya. Unyango luquka:

• Ukulungiselela isicwangciso sokutya;
• Ukuqaliswa komsebenzi okwenziwe ngokwaneleyo;
• Ukuthatha i-antidepressants (kuyimfuneko kuphela ukuba kukho izibonakaliso ezithile);
• Sebenza ngokuzibona kunye nobudlelwane nabantu abakujikelezile;
• Unyango lweengxaki zengqondo, ezifana nokuxhalabisa.

Kubalulekile ukuba ngexesha lokunyanga isigulane sinenkxaso. Emva koko, abantu bahlala bephuka, bathabatha ikhefu kunyango, bathembisa ukubuyela kwisicwangciso sezenzo esilungiselelwe emva kwexesha elithile. Abanye bacinga ukuba baphiliswa, nangona ukuziphatha kwabo kudla kungatshintshi.