Ukucwiliswa kwe-myocardium: inkcazo yenkqubo, ukuchasana kunye neziphakamiso

Ehlabathini lezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ixesha liye lafika xa isayensi kunye neyeza zihamba kunye kwaye zincedisane. Ngokuyinene, le yindlela entsha yokufumanisa izifo, ukufunyanwa kwazo kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ngoku wonke umntu unengxaki malunga nokucatshulwa kwemifanekiso yamagnetic (MRI), i-resonance yamandla enyukliya (i-NMR), i-tomography (CT) kunye nepositron emission tomography (PET). Kodwa ixesha elide kukho enye indlela yokujonga imeko yangaphakathi yomzimba womntu - ukutywina kwe-myocardium.

Iinkcazo

I-Myocardial scintigraphy yindawo edelelekileyo, engeyiyo ingenangxamnye yentliziyo esebenzisa iinqununu ezinomsakazo. Enyanisweni, le yirekhodi yokuhambisa i-isotope yedatha emzimbeni kwinkqubo yokulungisa i-radiation.

I-Perfusion i-myocardial scintigraphy isisifundo esifanayo njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, kodwa usebenzisa i-thallium e-radioactive. Kuveliswa kokubili ukulayisha iimvavanyo, kwaye ngaphandle kwazo. Ivumela ukuseka ngokuchanekileyo ingqwalasela ye-ischemia, eyenza ingenakukwazi ukuxilongwa kwi- coronary disease (ischemic heart disease).

Ngamnye ngokwezidingo

Ukususela ngo-2007, ukukhawuleza kuye kwasakazeka kwi-USA, eNtshona Yurophu nakwamanye amazwe aphuhlisiweyo. Le nkonzo yezokwelapha sele isizuze abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi elinesihlanu. Kukho inkqubo eqhelekileyo engayithathi ixesha kunye nomzamo.

Esikhundleni seSoviet post indawo ihluke kakhulu. Okwangoku, malunga namakhulu amabini amakhamera e-scragraphy asetyenziswa eRashiya (xa kuthelekiswa namawaka a-13 anama-US). Kwaye zifumaneka kuphela kwizinga loncedo olukhethekileyo.

Usebenza njani?

Ukulungele inkqubo, isigulane sifakwe kwisitya kunye nesalathisi se-rediyo, esine-molecule ye-vector kunye ne-isotophi e-radioactive. Umsebenzi wabo uhambelane, kuba i-vector ine-chemicalism (indawo) kwindawo ethile okanye izicubu zomzimba womntu. Kwaye i-isotope iphuma kwimida ye-gamma kwindawo ejikeleze kuyo. Ukubhaliswa kololu hlobo lwamagagasi kukuvumela ukuba ufumane indawo yeyona ndawo efanelekileyo kunye neyona mali.

Yintoni ebonisa ukunyaniseka?

Ndiyabulela kule ndlela yokubonakalisa, unokuphonononga ngokucophelela kwaye uvavanye ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwisisu senhliziyo, zombini ngokubanzi kunye nakwiindawo zayo. Ukufumanisa iindawo ezingenako ukuhamba kwegazi, kunye nokwahlula iindawo apho iifama zentliziyo ifile khona, kwizinto ezinokugcinwa. Kwizigulane ze-postinfarction, izibazi kunye neendawo ze-ischemia zichongwa ngokulula. Ukongezelela, ingcali ingakwazi ukuqikelela ngeziphumo zokufunda ukuba yiziphi iingxaki ezinokulindelwa kwaye kungekudala.

Iinkcazo zenkqubo

Ekubeni le nkqubo iyanelisa kakhulu, injongo yayo ifanelekile. Kuqhutyelwa kwezi zilandelayo:

1. Kuba ngabantu abasempilweni ngaphambi kokuba kukhuphiswano lwezemidlalo olubalulekileyo kunye nokungenelelo ngoncedo olude phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele ukwenzela ukuba ungabandakanyi umngcipheko weengxaki okanye ukulimala.

2. Ukuxilongwa kwe-IHD, ukuba kukho konke okufunekayo ekuqulunqweni kwezi zifo.

3. Njengeendlela zokujonga ukuphumelela kwonyango: i- aortocoronary shunting, i- angioplasty, unyango lweziyobisi.

4. Ukuqwalasela intliziyo emva kwe-infyoction ye-myocardial (kodwa kungekudala emva kwayo, kuba ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo rhoqo).

Njengomgaqo, le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba ubeke ngokuchanekileyo ukuxilongwa kwimibuzo kunye nokuyiqinisekisa.

Ukulungiselela isigulane kwinkqubo

Ngaphambi kwenkqubo nganye yonyango okanye inkqubo yokuxilonga, isigulane sithola iingcebiso ezivela kugqirha, ukugcinwa kweziza kukunceda ukuqhubela isifundo ngokubanzi kwaye kungadluli kumntu:

- Isifundo senziwa kwisisu esingenalutho;
- Ngenye imini ngaphambi kokuba angakwazi ukusela ikhofi, i-Coca-Cola, itiye, kukho ithokoleta;
- kufuneka uyeke ukuthatha imithi ezinzisa intliziyo;
- yenza i-ultrasound ukuba ingabandakanyi ukukhulelwa, kwaye oomama abanamano kufuneka balungiselele ubisi kusengaphambili, kuba umntwana akanakunikwa ibele iintsuku ezimbini;
- Amadoda akufanele asebenzise amalungiselelo okuphucula ukulungiswa kwawo ngosuku ngaphambi kovavanyo;
- Qiniseka ukuxelela ugqirha wakho malunga nobukho be-asthma.

Ukulungiselela ama-radionuclides

I-scintigraphy ye-myocardium ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezichanekileyo. Kukho ngoku ezininzi iintlobo, kuxhomekeka ngenjongo yesifundo:

- I-MIBI, okanye i-sestambi, isetyenziselwa ukufunda umsebenzi wentliziyo, i-tropism iya kwi-muscle ye-heart.

I-Mono- kunye ne-bisphosphonates inxulumene neethambo zethambo, zisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga umdlavuza kunye neengxaki zabo, kunye nokulimala.

- I-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid iveza i-kidney pathology.

- I-Pertechnics isetyenziselwa ukufunda i-thyroid gland.

- i-iodine-123 yenzelwe ukuboniswa kwegciwane le-thyroid.

Kwimakethe yezolimo zanamhlanje, izidakamizwa sele zivele, ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlolisise iindlela ezithile zezifo ze-oncological. Emzimbeni womntu, ezi zinto zilawulwa ngendlela efanelekileyo, ngoko kufuneka ufumane kwangaphambili ukuba isigulane sinokuphika.

Ukulayisha iimvavanyo

Ukunyaniseka kwengxaki ye-myocardium kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nesifundo esifanayo kwi-electrocardiography. Ukwenza imeko exinzelelekileyo, isigulane sinikwe ukuba sisebenze kwiimimulators (i-treadmill, ibhayisiki). Imiqondiso yenkqubo enjalo iinguqu ezithembekileyo kwi-ECG, izikhalazo eziqhelekileyo zesifo senhliziyo. Enye yezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi yenkqubo ifumana ukubonakaliswa kwekhwalithi ye-ventricle ekhohlo. Iikhrayitheriya zesampuli ezintle zi:

1. Ukuqhawulwa kwe-ejection ye-ventricle yekhohlo ayikho ngaphezulu kwe-35%.
2. Ukwanda kwenkqutyana ye-ejection ngexesha lomsebenzi omkhulu kunama-5%.
3. Ukubonakaliswa okuthembekileyo kokuphulwa kwemvumelwano.
4. Uphazamiso lwengingqi lwekhontrakthi ye-cardiomyocytes enomthwalo omncinci.

Iziphumo ze-Scintigraphy

I-scintigraphy ye-myocardium ivumela ukufumana iintlobo ezininzi zeemifanekiso zesisu senhliziyo. Okokuqala, ezi zi-static, ezibizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Le maphepha amabili (ububanzi) bendawo. Ngokudla kaninzi ngolu hlobo, bahlolisisa amathambo, iigland ze-endocrine, njalonjalo.

Okwesibini, kukho imifanekiso eshukumisayo okanye ehambayo, evumela ukuba uhlolisise umsebenzi wezitho ezingenalutho. Zifumaneka njengesiphumo sokongezwa kwamanani ambalwa. Zisetyenziselwa ukuhlola isibindi, iintso, intliziyo, imithwalo yegazi.

Uhlobo lwesithathu lokubhaliswa kweso sifundo kulungelelaniso lwe-ECG. Ukususwa okongezelelweyo kwe-cardiogram kukuvumela ukuba uqhathanise umsebenzi kunye negrafu yomonakalo womzimba.

Ezinye iingcali, xa zenza i-myocardial scintigraphy, zibandakanya i-Ophtex (i-photon enye ye-phosphate tomography) ukufumana imifanekiso emithathu yelungu elingaphantsi kophando. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kwenziwa ngokukrokrelwa kwintsholongwane yentliziyo okanye ingqondo.

Ngaba indlela ikhuselekile?

E-Rashiya, kuphela kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ukucwiliswa kwe-myocardium kwenziwa. Ukuchasana kwesi sifundo kulula: ukungabikho komzwelo kwisifo se-radioisotope. Ukongezelela, le nkqubo inqatshelwe:

- oomama abakhulelweyo nabangcolileyo;

- abantu abanezifo ezinzima zezinye izitho kunye neenkqubo (oku kunokudala iingxaki ngexesha lophando usebenzisa umthwalo);

- izigulane ezine-sepsis kunye nomkhuhlane;

- kunye ne-myocarditis, ubukho beentsilelo zentliziyo kwaye emva kokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo.

Le ndlela ngokwayo ayibuhlungu kwaye inokungabi nengozi. Ngamanye amaxesha izigulane zineempembelelo ezichaphazelekayo ezivela kumachiza okanye ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba, kodwa njengomthetho, ukuphazamiseka kuhamba ngokukhawuleza, kwaye abantu babuyela ebomini obuqhelekileyo.

Indlela yokufikelela kwisifundo

Ndingayenza phi i-myocardial scintigraphy? Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuba uhlolwe kwi-polyclinic okanye kwisibhedlele sonyango ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho imfuneko yokufunda okuninzi. Izifo ezininzi zeentliziyo ziyakwazi ukuchongwa ngeendlela ezifumanekayo.

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngasentla, kwithuba lesithuba seSoviet ithuba lokuqhuba olo vavanyo lufumaneka kuphela kwizixeko ezinkulu. I-Myocardial scintigraphy eMoscow iqhutyelwa kwiiklinikhi ezizimeleyo, kunye nakwi-SPC ye-cardiology yongenelelo, kwi-Institute of Research yeGerontology yeNgqungquthela yezeMpilo yaseRashiya, iCroatiavascular Surgery Centre. I-Bakulev kunye kwisebe le-radiation diagnostics ye-Clinical Centre ye-MMA ebizwa emva kwayo. I. M. Sechenov.

Umgaqo wentlawulo kumaziko oluntu nakwii-private ahlukeneyo, ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kunengqiqo ukuba ufunde ngokucophelela iinkonzo ezibonelela ngesibhedlele esithile kwaye wenze isigqibo, ulungiselele imali eceliwe kwisifundo esifana ne-myocardial scintigraphy. Ixabiso eMoscow lingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo wenkqubo kunye nendawo. Iindleko ngendawo ethile kwingingqi phakathi kwama-ruble amawaka asixhenxe anesibhozo. Oku kungokufunda okulula. Kodwa kukho izigulana ezifuna ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-myocardial nge-exercise. Ixabiso layo liya kuba ubuncinane kabini phezulu. Ukusuka kuma-ruble amawaka alishumi elinesihlanu, ngokulandelanayo. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela inika ugqirha umfanekiso opheleleyo ngakumbi wesimo sempilo yesigulane, kwaye unceda ukhethe iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokwelapha.

I-Myocardial scintigraphy yindlela entsha, engenayo, engabonakaliyo kunye neyobuhlungu yokuhlola intliziyo yesisu. Ngokudibanisa iimpumelelo zeteknoloji yekhompyutheni kunye nokufumanisa kwintsimi yezinto ezinomsakazo, kuye kwaba lula ukufumanisa izifo ze-lungchemic lung inqanaba lokuqala.