Ingqungquthela eyingozi kunazo zonke emhlabeni (ifoto)

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba izigulane ziyizinambuzane. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunjalo. Izigulane zihlukaniswe kwiklasi ehlukeneyo, kwaye isakhiwo somzimba sinezinto ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, iinambuzane zihlala zinezibini ezintathu zelungu. Izigulane zinenye enye, ezo ezine. Ukwahlukana kuyachaphazela iso. Kwizinambuzane, ziyinkimbinkimbi, kunye nezicukutho zinezinye, kunye neelensi. Unokwazi ukwahlula abameleli beklasi elinye ukusuka kwelinye ngokufumaneka kweentenki. Izigulane azenzi.

Njengomthetho, i-arthropods ibangela ukunganyeliseki kunye noyiko kubantu abaninzi. Kwaye oku kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu becala. Nangona kunjalo, ezo ziqhenqa ezihlala emva kweekhabhinethi zethu kunye nezigubungela zokhuni, musa ukubeka ingozi kumntu. Kodwa kukho abameli beli klasi eMhlabeni okumele kugwenywe. Ezi zidumbu ziyingozi kubantu. Ziyintoni na, ziyakubonwa phi? Cinga izigubhu eziyingozi kakhulu kwihlabathi. Kwaye siya kuqalisa kunye nabameli abanetyhefu.

Isigunci saseBrazil

Lo mmeli we-arthropods yingozi kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, wayethatyelwa kwiGuinness Book of Records. Ngaloo nto, siqala iingqungquthela ezinobungozi eziphezulu ezili-10 kwihlabathi.

Uhlala phi? Isiqulatho saseBrazil esijikelezayo singabonwa kwiindawo zaseTranspiki okanye kwiindawo eziphantsi komhlaba. Amaqela amabini alaba bameli belizwe lezilwanyana ayahluka. Eyokuqala kubandakanya izigulane zokuqhawula. Ngoko bayabizwa yindlela yokutshutshiswa kwexhoba. Ezi zigubungulu zithatha ixhoba lazo ngeempembe.

Iqela lesibini liquka ukuqhuba i-arthropods. Ezi ziqholo zaseBrazil ziphanga ngokukhawuleza ziphanga. Abameli beqela lesibini baphuma bezingela ebusuku. Ngomhla, bafihla phantsi kwamatye okanye kwiindawo apho bengabonakali khona. Ezi ntsholongwane zihlala emhlabeni kunye nemithi.

Kutheni ezi zinto zibizwa ngokuthi zihamba? Inyaniso kukuba isicangci saseBrazil asikhenxanga iwebhu yesicabucu njengowomhlobo wayo. Uhlala eshintsha indawo yakhe yokuhlala, ehamba ekukhangela ukutya.

Ingqungquthela eyingozi kunayo yonke iplanethi yethu inika ingxaki enkulu kubemi baseMzantsi Melika. Isi sidalwa esinetyhefu sithathwa emakhaya abo. I-Braglian pilgrim idla ngokufumaneka kwiibhokisi ngokutya okanye kwiingubo zokugqoka ngeengubo.

Ziziphi iimpawu zesigcawu esiyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni wethu? Ikwahluke ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu. Ekude, umjiki waseBrazil angakhula ufike kwi-10 cm. Nangona kunjalo, ubukhulu becala abuyikuthintela ukuba ezi zixhobo ezinobungozi kakhulu emhlabeni (bona isithombe esezantsi).

Abazingeli abahle kakhulu, obonakalisa ingozi enkulu kumntu. Kufanelekile ukuthetha ukuba ukuluma kwesi sithintelo kukukhokelela ekudleni, ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukufa. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba kukho i-antidote yokugcina ubomi bomntu, okumele kuqaliswe kuphela ngexesha.

Enyanisweni, abantu abadala abanempilo abakwazi ukuphila ubomi babo emva kokuba bethwa yi-spider eyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Kulo butyhefu, banokukwazi ukuphendula ngokuthe tye. Kodwa iibhoksi ezangena emzimbeni womntwana okanye umntu ogulayo, zingakhokelela kwisiphumo esibuhlungu kakhulu.

Yintoni isicangca esiyingozi kunayo yonke iplanethi yethu ikhetha ukuyidla? Uthando lwakhe oluthandayo lubhanana. Yingakho abahambi ngeBrazil bakhetha ukunyuka kwiibhokisi apho ezi ziqhamo ezicocekileyo zigcinwa khona. Ngenxa yothando olunjalo lo mmeli we-arthropod udla ngokuba yi "banana spider". Nangona kunjalo, ukutya okuphambili kuye, akunjalo, akusikho isiqhamo nakhona. Ukuzingela iingcambu ezinobungozi kakhulu emhlabeni (bona isithombe esezantsi) kwiinambuzane.

Ngona izalamane zezinye iintlobo ziba ngamaxhoba. Ukongeza, abahambi ngeBrazil bahlaselwa iintaka kunye neengqungquthela, ezigqithise kakhulu ngokukhulu.

Izigulane eziyingozi kakhulu zehlabathi azihlaseli abantu. Bayaluma umntu kuphela ngenjongo yokukhusela kwabo.

Sandy-six eyes-eye

Abameli bee-arthropods bayaqhubeka bezona zihlaziyizi-10 ezinobungozi kakhulu kwihlabathi. Aba bantu bancinci bafikelela ubude buka-8-15 mm. Ngaphandle, ezo zihlawu zifana nama-crabs. Ukufana okunjalo kunikwa kubo ngokukhawulelana kweepasta ezinkulu eziguqa ngamadolo, ubude obufikelela kuma-50 mm. Ukugqithisa kwesikratshi kunye nefomathi elincinci elincinci lomzimba we-arthropod. Igama lesi sigcawu esinobungozi (isithombe esingezantsi) siphumelele ngenxa yomthunzi wayo onobumba obuninzi kunye nobukho bamehlo amathandathu.

Iindawo zokuhlala zee-sixty-eyed eyimimandla yintsimi yaseMzantsi Afrika kunye nomhlaba waseMzantsi Melika. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yokuhlala, ezi zihlawu zineenkcenkceshelo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezibulalayo ematheni. Ngaloo ndlela, abantu base-Afrika banikwe umbane kunye nesifo esibulalayo kunezihlobo zabo zaseMerika. Mhlawumbi isizathu salo silele kwiinkcubeko zeNamib.

Isicangcebe esinezintandathu ezisehlanjeni sizingela iintsholongwane ezincinci. Amaxhoba akhe nawo awona makhulu amakhulu. Isicabangca silinde ukuphanga kwayo, singcwatywe entlabathi. Ukuzifihla, iinwele ezikulo mzimba zinamnceda. Iintlanzi ze-Sandle zibambelele kubo, okwenza umzingeli abe ngumqambi ophumelelayo.

Ubuthi obunqabileyo bubuqhetseba kumzimba wexhoba ngendlela engavamile kunye neyodwa. Kuze kube ngoku, i-toxin engaziwayo kwisayensi inefuthe elibi kwimithambo yegazi, ichithe iindonga zayo. Le nkqubo ingenxa yokunyuka kwe-necrosis. Umphumo onobungozi usegazini lexhoba. Iqala ukutshabalalisa okusebenzayo kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ngaloo ndlela, intlungu yalesi sithintelo sixhobo esisebenzayo sokubulala. Ngethamsanqa, iintlanganiso zesicabangca sentsholongwane enamathandathu kunye nomntu zenzeke kakhulu. Kwakukho kuphela ukufa kwababini kuphela okwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwesi sixhobo.

Isicangca saseSydney

Lo mmeli we-arthropods unobungakanani obukhulu okanye obukhulu. Kwakufanelekile ukuba afakwe kumgca ophezulu woluhlu, apho iindawo eziphambili zezona zixhobo zeplanethi yethu zenziwe. Inyaniso kukuba ukuluma kwakhe kungabangela ukufa.

Ubukhulu beentombi zeSydney ezixubileyo zisuka kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-3 cm. Amadoda, njengomthetho, ayimitha engama-centimeter encinci. Umbala womzimba walezi zihlamba unobumba obomvu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha umnyama omnyama. Ukwahlula ezi zihlawulelo ezivela kwiintsapho zazo zinceda amabini amacandelo omda omude asele ngasemva.

Indawo yokuhlala yecacider echazwe yi-Australia. Ininzi kaninzi itholakala kwintsimi yeNew South Wales. Ukumisela lo mmeli wehlabathi lezilwanyana uthanda emahlathini, kunye nakwindawo, eqondwa ngabantu. Izigulane ezixhasayo zihlala zijikeleza ngeenxa zonke kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zingangena emachibini. Abantu abanama-arthropod akufanele babhekane nazo, kuba besengozini yokuba babe nobudlova.

Isiqhekeza saseSydney sivelisa ubuthi obuqinileyo. Ngaphezu koko, into enobuthi iyakhiwa ngama-arthropod eninzi. Ingozi yesigcawu iqulethwe kwi-chelicera yayo ende. Olu luhlobo "lweengcingo", apho kufutshane nephuzu ngokwayo ziziteshi ezinobuthi. Kufuneka kuthiwa i-heliports yesigqabi saseSydney inkulu ngobukhulu kunokuba inyoka inambuzane, eyingozi kakhulu kubantu.

Ubuthi be-arthropod yaseAustralia kubandakanya icandelo elisebenza kwinkqubo yeentlungu zexhoba. Ukungena egazini lomntu, litshintsha ukusebenza kwazo zonke iinkqubo kunye nezitho. Xa ukubetha abesilisa, kwanokufa akafakiwe . Ngowe-1981, izazinzulu zenza i-antidote eza kuphelisa ingozi yokufa ngomntu. Ukususela kuloo mzuzu, akukho ukufa okuye kwabhalwa kwi-spinal spy.

Umhlolokazi Omnyama

Izigulane ezinobungozi ezili-10 ezisemgangathweni kwihlabathi ziqhubeka ezi zimeko ezincinci zezityalo ze-arthropods. Ubungakanani bomzimba wakhe bububanzi beepentimitha eziyi-1.5-2 kuphela. Yaye nangona amabhinqa alaba bameli be-arthropod ephindwe kabini njengabesilisa, banzima ukuhlula phantsi kweemeko zendalo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziqhekeza ezona ziyingozi kakhulu, eziphantse ziphezulu kwinqanaba elilinganayo.

Umhlolokazi omnyama uhlala "ukulila". Abantu abadala abadala abavuthiweyo banomqondiso kwisisu sabo ngesimo se-red hourglasses. Iincinci eziselula zinombala obala. Ngamanye amaxesha umzimba wabo umhlophe okanye umhlophe umhlophe. Umbala uba mnyama kuphela ngobudala. Umzimba omnyama walezi zigulane ufika kwinyanga yesibini yesibini.

Isihloko "sokulila" sisona sigqabi esinobungozi (khangela isithombe esezantsi) akuzange kubekho ngethuba. Iibhinqa zale arthropod ziyaziwa ngokuba yizintlu ezinxulumene namadoda.

Ukuhlala kwezi zichukumisi, njengomthetho, ziindawo zokuhlaselwa kwe-Central Asia kunye nama-steppes. Ngaphantsi kaninzi bafumaneka kwiCaucasus, kunye naseCrimea.

Umhlolokazi omnyama, ophakamileyo wesithathu phakathi kwezigulane ezinobungozi ezili-10, ukhetha ukuzingela emiphandleni phantsi kwamadwala, ukubeka imigibe yakhe ekuphakameni okuncinane ukusuka emhlabathini. Kananjalo ulala emitheni kunye nemingxube eyahlukeneyo, ngaphezu kwezityalo ze-squat kunye nakwiindawo eziqinileyo zomdiliya.

Abameli bee-spider bahamba bezingela ebusuku. Ngomso bakhetha ukufihla kwiindawo zabo zokuhlala. Ukutya kumhlolokazi omnyama, njengommiselo, inambuzane. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zichukumisi aziyikudla ukutya kunye nohlobo lwabo.

Ukulunywa ngumhlolokazi omnyama kuyingozi kubantu. Ingakumbi oku kusebenza kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Ubunyovu, obusasaza emzimbeni, bubangela ukuxhamla kweemisipha ezinamandla. Kwakhona, emva kokuluma, isicangca somhlolokazi omnyama sikhula ubuthathaka kunye nentloko, ukuphefumula okufutshane kunye nokugqithisa ngokweqile, ukuhlanza, ukukhathazeka kunye ne-tachycardia. Nciphisa i-poison by cauterizing indawo yokuluma ngomdlalo. Ukuze kupheliswe amathuba okuphendula, umntu onobungozi kufuneka athathwe esibhedlele.

Ebomvu

Ekubonweni kokuqala, isicangci esincinci sifana nomhlolokazi omnyama. Ukufana nalolu daba lunikeza umbala omnyama, umgca obomvu kumqolo wayo kunye nomzekelo obomvu-olomvu kwisisu, kufana ne- hourglass. Nangona kunjalo, lesi sigcawu asiyena umhlolokazi omnyama, kuba ilizwe lakubo yi-Australia. Kuze kube yiminyaka, le arthropod ingafumaneka kumazwe anjengeJapan, eBelgium naseNew Zealand.

Ubuthi obomvu emva (ummeli wentsapho yaseKarakurt) yingozi ngaphezu kwesifo se-rattlesnake ngokwayo. Kule nkalo, ukuluma kwesicabangci esincinci kunokudala imiphumo emibi kumntu. Emva kokufumana into enetyhefu egazini, abantu baneentlungu, izidumbu ze-muscle, ukuhlaselwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwesisulu sokuncwina nokunyuka. Ngethamsanqa, ukutya okubalulekileyo kwalesi sigcawu yizinambuzane ezincinci, ngamanye amaxesha kunye nezilwanyana. Abantu abajongi le ngane enobungozi, kwaye ngokunxulumene nale nkonzo iyenzeka kakhulu.

Isiqulatho saseChile

Le arthropod yenye yezona zinto ziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Indawo yokuhlala yintsimi esentshona yaseUnited States. Ukudibanisa isicangca esise-Iowa, eNebraska, kunye nase-Indiana naseTexas. Le ngenye yezona zixhobo eziphezulu kakhulu zezilwanyana. Ubude bomzimba wakhe, ngokuqwalasela izitho, kaninzi kufinyelela kuma-1.5 intshi. Ekuguquleleni ukusuka kwiSpeyin, igama lalo mmele wezilwanyana umhlaba "ngunobumba obomvu".

Nangona ubukhulu obuncinci, obuphakathi kweemitha eziyi-6 ukuya ku-20, ukuluma kwe-Chilemit hermit kungabangela ukufa okubuhlungu. Izinto ezinobuthi eziqulethwe ngumbumba wakhe zibangele ukukhubazeka kwazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi, kunye ne-hemolytic anemia kunye nokungaphumeleli komzimba.

I-Spider mouse

Isi sidalwa esiyingozi sitholakala kwintsimi yaseChile naseAustralia. Lo mmeli weerthropod wafumana igama layo ngenxa yeengcamango eziphosakeleyo zabantu ukuba izigulane, njengeigundane, zihlala phantsi emhlabathini.

Ubukhulu balo mmeli onobuthi wehlabathi lezilwanyana kakhulu. Ubungakanani bomzimba wakhe bububanzi beesentimitha ezintathu.

Amaxhoba ezigulane ze mouse azinambuzane. Baya kudla nezinye izigulane. Ngaloo ndlela, ezi zihlaziyizi zidla kwi-scorpions, i-ups, i-centipedes ezinamaqabunga kunye nama-bandicoots.

Ubunobumba be-spider buncwane buvela kwiprothini kwaye bubhekwa njengengozi kubantu. Ngethamsanqa, abantu ngabanye abaqhelekanga badibene eduze kwendawo yokuhlala yabantu. Ukongezelela, isicangcebo semouse sikhetha ukulondoloza ubuthi bayo ngokuqhuba ukubizwa okubambileyo.

I-tarantula yaseTshayina

Le ngqungquthela ibhekwa njengenye yeentlobo ze-tarantula enkulu. Ubungakanani bomzimba wakhe bu malunga namasentimitha amabini. Ukudibanisa i-arthropods yale ntlobo ingaba kwintsimi yaseVietnam naseChina. Ngenxa yobukhulu bobukhulu kunye nobukeka obukrakra, abahlali baqamba ezi zihlawulelo zehlabathi.

Ubunyoyi be-tarantula yaseTshayina uphando kwi-laboratory. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonakalise ukuba izinto ezinetyhefu ezikhutshwe yi-arthropod kwii-50 pesenti zamatyala zikhokelela ekufeni kwezilwanyana ezincinci.

I-tarantula yokulungiswa

Ezi zikhwebu ezininzi kwaye zikhulu ngobukhulu be-arthropods zivela kwintsapho yeengcuka zeengcuka. I-tarantulas e-Ornamental inokufunyanwa kumazwe ase-South-East Asia. Ukuluma kwabo kubuhlungu kakhulu, kwaye ubuthi obuya emzimbeni womntu bunokubangela ukuvuvukala okukhulu.

Sak

Ziziphi iingcambu eziyingozi kakhulu kwindawo yeshumi ekulinganiseni? Ezi zintlanzi zibizwa ngegolide okanye zegolide. Sithetha ngezigulane eziphuzi ze-Sakas, apho indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala iYurophu. Le ncinane (ukuya kwi-1 cm ubude) i-arthropod yakha indawo yokuhlala, efana ne-sack. Ngamanye amaxesha uSaki uhlala ngaphakathi endlwini yabo. Ukubetha kwezi zigulane kuyingozi kwaye kuyabangela i-necrosis yamathambo. Nangona kunjalo, ngethamsanqa, i-gold ye-saks ayinayo yonke into enobudlova. Bangakwazi ukuhlasela abantu kuphela xa kunengqondo yengozi.