Lebanon: inkolo kunye nezopolitiko - inkqubo confessional

Inkolo ebesoloko yadlala indima ephambili polity yamagunya zehlabathi. Kodwa ukuba West analo eminyaka unqulo ulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza kwifuthe lazo zonke iinkqubo ezenzekayo kulwakhiwo yoluntu, eMpuma akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucinga kwahlulwe enjalo likarhulumente kwiinkolelo zonqulo. Ingakumbi eyahlukileyo kule nkalo, Lebanon. Religion kweli lizwe ehambisana zonke iinkqubo zopolitiko, kwaye kuchaphazela ngqo isebe lowiso-mthetho. Izazinzulu ezininzi ebizwa Libya "indulubhatyi", nto leyo iye evela iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo kunye namahlelo.

Yeyiphi inkolo e Lebanon?

Ukuba ngaba lokumba iinkcukacha ze siqwalasele lo mba wonqulo phantsi izibakala owomileyo, ngokwedatha yakutshanje, abemi eLebhanon, malunga amathandathu ekhulwini amaSilamsi, amashumi amathathu anethoba ekhulwini yamaKristu, yaye kancinane kuphela ngaphezu kwesinye ekhulwini wabantu Lebanese abathi nezinye iinkonzo.

Kubonakala ukuba lo mfanekiso ayahlukanga ukusuka eseleyo eliqhelekileyo samandla kuMbindi Mpuma. Kodwa inkolo Lebanon i-eneneni i kakhulu ezinokuntsonkotha multi-sixhobo sekhombuya isakhiwo, leyo ukuthetha ngakumbi.

Lebanon, inkolo: kwimvelaphi yezembali ukuyilwa karhulumente multi-confessional

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iintshukumo zonqulo kweli lizwe, isixa akumangalisi, asithoba pesenti yabantu yenziwa Arabhu. nguyena ekhulwini ezilishumi - rhwelele enemibala yamaGrike, namaPersi, Armenia, kunye nezinye izizwe. Le yantlukwano akazange zamthintela labemi Lebanese ukuba zihlale kunye ngoxolo, ingakumbi njengoko bonke babe ulwimi olufanayo. Lebanese abaninzi bathetha French kakuhle kakhulu kwaye imfundo. Konke oku kunokwenzeka ukuba ukudala imeko ekhethekileyo oluhlonipha amalungelo abo bonke unqulo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nokunyamezela ezinye iicawa bebesoloko ezikhoyo egazini leSe. Ekuqaleni, abahlali abaninzi bazibonakalisa kuzo iintlanga. Kuyo yonke Lebanon ngembali iitempile ezininzi kwaye anikezelwe emahlelweni ezahlukeneyo. Avamise kakhulu isithixo ababeze evela eGrisi. Amaninzi ukoyisa yamaMuslim Libya kunye yaseYurophu amaKristu bengakwazi ukutshintsha izithethe namasiko elo lizwe. Qho unqulo omtsha enyanzeliswa phezu iinkolelo elidlulileyo kwaye ngempumelelo ingxenye nenkcubeko yaseLebhanon. Ngenxa yoko, abemi lizwe ukubambelela ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na inkolo, nto leyo iyavumelana ngakumbi obonelela omnye okanye enye ekuhlaleni.

Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-omabini unqulo ngenkulungwane e Lebanon angena zonke iinkalo zobomi oluntu, umntu usenokuthi, kuye kwasekwa inkqubo yezopolitiko sefowuni, ayinazo analogue naphi na ehlabathini. Inkoliso Abezopolitiko bakholelwa ukuba ihlala labo kunye nemveliso yemodeli bezopolotiko belizwe unetyala ulwalamano olusondeleyo, leyo amelwe njenge ngokuncedisana of "inkcubeko Lebanese -. Inkolo Lebanon" Inika ukusebenzisana phakathi zonke iinkolo kunye nokwamkelwa ngezenzo zomthetho, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimfuno lonke uluntu zonqulo.

ezinkonzo zenkolo e Lebanon

AmaSilamsi amaKristu ngaba awadali isakhiwo eyodwa kweli lizwe. Yonke inkolo yahlulwe utyekelo ezininzi, emelwe ziinkokeli zawo zonqulo, esikhokelayo uluntu.

Umzekelo, amaSilamsi zimelwe ikakhulu Sunnis ne US. Baya kwenza kakhulu anempembelelo, naphakathi amaSilamsi ziyakwazi ukuchongeka Alawite kunye Druze. AmaKristu Lebanese abathi ngendlela ethile, bazibiza i Maronites. Le yenkolo zavela kwinkulungwane elinesihlanu emva kwexesha, abalandeli bakhe ababehlala kummandla weentaba, yaye vika ngenyameko ubuni balo kangangeenkulungwane. Nkqu impembelelo eVatican akaphumelelanga ukuba ndimaphule Maronites, bagcine amasiko abo kunye nezithethe. Ukongeza Maronites abahlala kweli lizwe Orthodox, amaKatolika, amaProtestanti kunye Jacobites. Impela amaKristu ambalwa phakathi abameli Armenian Church.

inkqubo confessional karhulumente

Njengoko sele sibonile, akukho omnye lizwe ezinjalo njengeLebhanon. Inkolo, ngakumbi ngqo, iyantlukwano yayo, kwenza abahlali abaninzi ukukhangela iindlela ukunxibelelana kunye ukusilela. Ngenxa yoko, ngowe-1943 inkokeli yonqulo yaseLebhanon watyikitya "National Pact", nto leyo ichaza inkqubo isakhiwo sezopolitiko yelizwe njengendlela confessionalism. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, ukuvuma ngamnye kufuneka abe nempembelelo ulwamkelo imithetho, ngoko ke inani lezihlalo ePalamente esokuba nalawulwa intshukumo nganye zonqulo.

imbono abaninzi kwezopolitiko bakholelwa ukuba le nkqubo iza ngokukhawuleza okanye emva kutshabalalisa eLebhanon. Inkolo, ngokutsho iingcali, asikwazi kakhulu kuchaphazela-nkqubo angaphandle kunye zasekhaya karhulumente. Kodwa ngoxa uloyiko kunye nezopolitiko abahlalutyi uqikelelo kungafaneleki, confessionalism zigxile ebomini Lebanese zesiqhelo.

Njani unqulo iphembelela lonikezelo lezihlalo kwipalamente Lebanese?

Xa isigqibo iinkokheli zoluntu zonqulo, isithuba abantu abakhulu urhulumente kufuneka athathe amalungu amahlelo ezona zininzi (ngokutsho kubalo yokugqibela). Ngoko ke ngoku eLebhanon, umongameli i Maronite, njengoko inkulumbuso kunye nepalamente isithethi banikwa Sunnis kunye Shiites. EPalamente, amaKristu yaye amaSilamsi kufuneka iindawo amathandathu anesine. Iya kuqinisekisa ukuba ukulingana zonke ntsingiselo, utsala umdla abalindelekanga zishiywe xa ucinga imithetho emitsha.

Lebanon: esemthethweni

Emva konke sikuvileyo umbuzo isenokuvela malunga esemthethweni eLebhanon. Yintoni ngokwenene? Impendulo yalo mbuzo lo ngumsebenzi omninzi okuphawulekayo kwaye Akumangalisi alo ilizwe: eLebhanon akukho esemthethweni. Xa mthetho umisela ukuba urhulumente asisiso kudidi ayiveli.

Kubonakala ukuba kwilizwe apho ezinkonzo zonqulo uphethe indawo ebalulekileyo enjalo, akukho namnye liqaphele esemthethweni.