Indlela ukufumana umhlaza noko ukwenza ukuthintela kwesi sifo?

Ukuze umntu ngamnye ukuva ilizwi elivela emlonyeni ugqirha ikukunyasha isigwebo sentambo. Yiloo nto abantu abaninzi bakuphephe iimviwo ngexesha zeengcaphephe ngenxa yokoyika ukuba bafunde uxilongo yoyikekayo.

Izazinzulu zithi ukuba aphathwe ixesha ukuxilonga umhlaza isaqala ngempumelelo. Ezingqondweni zabantu Europe kwimiba lezempilo liphezulu kakhulu ngaphezu koko kwezi baseRashiya.

Kodwa umba eziphambili ezikhathaza ezingqondweni zabantu: "njani umhlaza?" Nangona uphando nokusingelwa kumagqirha, imvelaphi imfihlelo sifo emzimbeni womntu nangoku uhlala uyimfihlo. Universal unyango lomhlaza okwangoku yasungulwa.

History of Cancer Research

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, uluntu uxhalela sifo engaziwa ukuba utshabalalisa abancinane kunye nabantu abadala. Malunga ukugula efana iimpawu umhlaza kubhekiselwe kuyo yeziKronike yamandulo baseYiputa, ogama ubudala yiminyaka 3000. Oku kubonisa ukuba esi sifo endala abantu. Igama elithi "umhlaza," wazisa Gippokrat wayegcine inkqubo zophendlo lwezifo somhlaza webele kwizigulane. Wabiza sifo "onkos", gama elo elithetha "ukudumba".

De phakathi kumaXesha Aphakathi kwakukho umlomo asike lwemizimba emva kokufa, kunye nophando umhlaza wayeka. Xa 17-18 Kwiinkulungwane th beza yiEnlightenment. Oogqirha banikwe imvume yokufunda unobangela wokufa kwabantu, esebenzisa lokuvula. Ngeli xesha, isifundo lwenzululwazi zomhlaza sele adlulela phambili. zonke iintlobo kunye izigaba sifo zifunyenwe, yaye uluntu ufikile oningcangcazelisayo. Into embi kukuba Akukacaci ngokupheleleyo ukuphuhlisa njani umhlaza?

Kamva, oogqirha baye bafunda ukuba ukwahlula phakathi ithumba ngokusekelwe amathuba okuphila umntu ogulayo kwabantu. Baqala ke ukuba yahlulwe ebubonisayo nesibuhlungu. Eyokuqala hlukile ukukhula kade, kwaye Ukudlulela kumthwalo zingasuswa ngokukhuselekileyo yi uqhaqho. yamathumba abulalayo hlukile ivela ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye babulawa Ukudlulela babantu. Ezi ziiseli ezahlulwa ukusuka thumba umzali kunye yegazi okanye ukusasazeka inkqubo emithanjeni wonke umzimba womntu, okanye ukuhamba phakathi ukuqanda umzimba. Ukuba abulale yaye xi iiseli esempilweni. Ukusela kakhulu glucose egazini, ke, ndayihluthwa ezinye iiseli ukutya kunye namaziko. Ityhefu zihlale somhlaza ephilayo incitshisiwe kwaye afe.

Indlela ukuqala isifo somhlaza?

Enoba ubukhulu okanye ukufikelela ithumba, oko evela iseli enye. Njengoko kanye iyunithi uqhelekileyo ephilayo, kuba wenza umsebenzi ngokwesiqhelo. Kodwa ke kwenzeka into ethile, kwaye loo nto iseli kumzimba ukuba ube njengomphambukeli akukho kuphinda bathobele imithetho zomzimba. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iye abazitshintshi ngembonakalo, iiarhente okukwazi zange umchukumise. Kodwa kungekudala iiseli baqalisa ukwanda minkarhi hinkwayo. Ngokuba izinto elisandul 'ukusekwa kufuneka isixa kakhulu amandla. Baya ukuwutsala, ukususela kumsinga igazi. Ngoko ke, umhlaza i iinkqubo ephuhliswe kakhulu nemithambo. Ngokum igazi lonke iswekile, nethumba oyekayo likhula yaye buthathaka host eziphilayo. Le indlela isampuli a ye indlela yokuphuhlisa somhlaza. Kodwa kutheni oku kuyenzeka lisekhona mfihlelo.

Izazinzulu ziye iphini amathemba enkulu kuqondwe zofuzo zabantu. Babecinga ukuba le mithetho iza kukwazi ukufumana isitshixo ekusombululeni umba ezibangela umhlaza. Kodwa amathemba abaninzi lilize. Kwanokuba kokubeka ukuba DNA bomntu unalo ukuthambekela umhlaza, ukuba ndiphilise sisifo esibi kwinqanaba yemfuza, akakwazi.

ubungozi

Kuphononongo lwe umbuzo indlela yokuphuhlisa umhlaza, oosonzululwazi baye bashiya oluninzi iimfihlelo. Kodwa ngokucacileyo ukuba ngaba zeziphi na iimeko kunokubangela ukuyilwa yamathumba. Ezi zizathu zaye zachongwa ubungozi. Ezi ziquka:

• Carcinogens. Emva kwenkulungwane ye-18 British Scientist lokufumanisa Pott kaThixo yenziwa: esusa itshimini nomhlaza we samatyhalarha ziyafana kaninzi ngaphezu kwabanye abantu. Isizathu soku - umfowunelwa rhoqo kunye umlotha. Ezi zinto ziquka asbestos, icuba,-benzopyrene 3,4 kunye nabanye.
• Imisebe. imizekelo ebuhlungu iHiroshima Nagasaki, kunye eChernobyl lubonise izazinzulu ukuba ionizing wemitha negalelo enamandla kuphuhliso yamathumba ngumhlaza. Iziganeko Abantu emva zokukhanya banda izihlandlo mane.
• igciwane lohlobo. Bosulelwe yintsholongwane somhlaza - akukho yintsomi. Oku kubonakaliswa ukuba papilloma virus kungakhokelela ekubeni umfazi umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Usuleleko unako ezosulela ngesondo, kunye nabafazi rhoqo tshintsha amaqabane, abe basengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo somhlaza.
• nezici zamafa. Xa amayeza, kukho into "usapho nomhlaza". Kodwa ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni na amathuba okuba umntwana umhlaza? Enyanisweni, ukuba entsatsheni kukho ezinye izigulane ezinomhlaza, amathuba yokugula kule ukunyuka sifo. Kodwa ukuba wazalelwa kwintsapho loo nto ayithethi ukuba umntu ukuba usoloko agule aze afe ngumhlaza. Sithetha ngalo ukuthambekela ngaloo ndlela ukuze ubonise.
• Umfanekiso yobomi bomntu. Yintoni umntu utya, iziselo, nendlela oko kunxulumene umzimba wakho kuchaphazela ngqo impilo yakhe. Impembelelo imikhwa emibi, ingakumbi icuba, zokuqhambuka umhlaza silubonisa iminyaka yophando kule ndawo.

Iimpawu zonyango somhlaza

Bonke abantu bayazi ukuba esi sifo kulula ukunqanda kunokuba elapha. Oku kusebenza ngakumbi somhlaza. Ugqirha inokunyanga gastritis ukubaleka, kodwa kwimeko kweqonga yokugqibela umhlaza kukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukunika abantu abane elungileyo.

Iingcali zithanda ukuba kakhulu elungileyo umhlaza unyango isaqala. Le ndlela ekhethiweyo kuphela ngamnye. Utyando, radiation okanye ichemotherapy - zonke ezi iindlela ezisebenzayo, kodwa ngenxa ngexesha izigulane ukufuna uncedo. Emva kokuba unyango oogqirha kugwetywa ngokukuko amanyathelo ngokwemimiselo nyaka emihlanu-izinga basinde. Ukuba ngeli xesha kwimo na umhlaza zange ngokwayo ngayo, oogqirha bagqiba ukuba umntu isempilweni.

Makhe sihlolisise indlela ungafumana umhlaza.

Ndingakwazi nomhlaza?

Emva kokuva ukuba umntu umhlaza, neqembu yakhe maxa wambi bengaqondanga uzama ukuhlala kude kuye. Oogqirha ukuva izigulane zabo lo mbuzo: "? Ngaba nomhlaza" izazinzulu Uphando lwakutsha nje kule nkalo zibonise ukuba kukho iintsholongwane ezibangela umhlaza. Ezi kwamagciwane ziquka:

• Le ntsholongwane sohlobo B no-C Kwiimeko ezininzi kokuba ezosulela ngesondo okanye igazi. Xa emzimbeni, kuchaphazela isibindi. Kusungulwe i division cell esebenzayo, kukho nangokurhala, umngcipheko soguqulo kwizicwili eziphilileyo nomhlaza.
• Papilloma Virus Human. Oku ezidluliselwa ngesondo kwaye kunokukhokelela kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ngokwandisa nezihlandlo utshintsho namaqabane kwandisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-wokuhlaselwa ngumhlaza womlomo. Ugonyo nxamnye papillomavirus akakwazi 100% ukuthintela ukwenzeka somhlaza, nayo ibe nobunzima Izimo.
• iintsholongwane herpes, kuquka Epstein-Barr yintsholongwane. Abonakalisa iimpawu angina kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wegazi.

Ngaba nomhlaza isisu?

Kukholelwa ukuba igciwane Helicobacter pylori kunokubangela nesi sifo kakhulu. Ndingenza njani ukuze umhlaza esiswini? Bephuzana isigulane, okanye ngokusela ukusuka iglasi yakhe? Musa ukuphaphazela. Igciwane lulodwa unobangela zomhlaza. Ukuba inwebu kwiinwebu esiswini yonakele, ngoko ke ephilayo kunokukhokelela zizilonda. Le ngezifo, kuthi, uyakwazi zivuse uphuhliso umhlaza. Kodwa ke isilonda okubangelwa Helicobacter pylori, zinokunyangwa kunye antibiotics ngempumelelo. Umngcipheko umhlaza Uxhokonxwa abatyebe, kukutya kakhulu inyama ebomvu kunye neminye imiba lomngcipheko esichazwe ekuqaleni.

Indlela yokuthintela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

abafazi abaninzi banomdla umbuzo yokuphepha njani umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko? Iingcali unike iqela leengcebiso:

• Utyelelo ngexesha rhoqo ukuya ugqirha. abafazi ndiyiqwalasela frequency kule ingcali kufuneka ubuncinane kabini ngonyaka ukuze aqhube pap uvavanyo. Kule mo kuyenzeka ukubona ngexesha inkangeleko yamathumba okanye ezinye utshintsho zophendlo lwezifo kumaqumrhu lwenkqubo ngokwesini umfazi. Oku lula impendulo ngexesha le ngxaki - baqhube unyango eziyimfuneko - kwaye kunisindisa kwiingxaki ezimandundu kakhulu kwixesha elizayo.
• A kukhulelwa efanelekileyo nethembekileyo. ucwangciso olufanelekileyo iya kunceda abantwana nabafazi bakuphephe isisu. Njengoko kusenziwa yamanina kubonisiwe, ababini kwabathathu abasetyhini kunye nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko aze asebenzise isisu. Ngamnye isisu kwandisa umngcipheko somhlaza nge-8%.
• Kuphephe ulale naye kunye notshintsho naye rhoqo. Ngexesha kokwabelana ngesondo ngendlela engakhuselekanga kwenzeka ukudluliselwa kwentsholongwane, nto leyo ebangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.
• Le lugonyo HPV. Lo mqathango uqala nxamnye-80% ye-iintlobo silwanyana.

njani umhlaza ingqondo?

Oogqirha abakwazi ngokucacileyo ukuphendula umbuzo ukuphuhlisa njani umhlaza ingqondo. Ukuze ubone ezibangela kulo mzimba kweyobunzululwazi Oncology ayikho kodwa kunokwenzeka. Noko ke, oogqirha bakwazi baqhelane neqela izinto ezinokubanga ukuba ukuyilwa yamathumba ebuchotsheni. Ezi ziquka:

• Icandelo yemfuza. Inxalenye wobuchopho uyakwazi ukwasuleleka ngabantu abaye baba usapho ezifana nesifo. Kwakhona, kukho inani syndromes ukuze bandiqumbise umhlaza. Ezi ziquka neurofibromatosis kuqala udidi lwesibini, Gorlin syndrome kunye Turco.
• Imitha, okanye radiation ionizing. Le into efanelekileyo kubasebenzi kwishishini zenyukliya. Emngciphekweni lukwaquka abanyangwa yonyango radiation intloko nje unyango.
• imichiza ibangele. Abantu abasebenza iplastiki kunye namalaphu, nabo basengozini ngenxa ukuvala ukunxibelelana iikhemikhali eziyingozi.

Abambeneyo ifuthe ubuchopho iifowuni kunye yokwenzakala emzimbeni. Engazimisele unxulumano ngqo phakathi kwabo kunye nasisihlo somhlaza engqondweni. Kwelinye icala, abantu Oncology kwafunyaniswa ukuba lo mzimba ayisoze ilayishelwe phantsi kwezi nkalo ezithile.

Yeyiphi kunokukhokelela kumhlaza igazi?

Kuba abantu abaninzi, akukho nto kakhulu njengoko abagulayo kunye nomhlaza wegazi. Namhlanje esi sifo sithatha ubomi amakhulu amawaka abantu, kwaye isizathu livela Kusekho imfihlelo koogqirha. Nakuba kunjalo, izifundo kule ndawo ziye zinikwe ingcaciso ecacileyo inani lemiba engabangela wegazi. Phakathi kwabo, ezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo:

• Imisebe. Kwenza abantu bazi ukuba iingozi olunomngcipheko enkulu ngokwaneleyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo wegazi: myeloid etsolo, myelocytic ezinganyangekiyo okanye lymphoblastic oyingozi.
• Ugwayi kwandisa umngcipheko wegazi myeloblastic kwifomu oyingozi.
• Chemotherapy njengonyango lwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo umhlaza inokuba provocateur wegazi.
• izifo Chromosomal uhlobo ngokwemvelo, ezifana Down syndrome, kwandisa umngcipheko wegazi.
• Ufuzo kunqabile sikhatshwe umhlaza kwegazi. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, yinto leukemia lymphocytic.

Kodwa ukuba umntu sele ekucaca ukuba izinto omnye okanye ngaphezulu, oku akuthethi ukuba ayokuma beguliswa leukemia. zingangabonakali The sifo.

Njengoko kukho umhlaza wemiphunga?

Ngeengozi zokutshaya ndikwazi ukuva wonke umntu olapha emhlabeni. Noko ke, abantu abatshayayo le nto ayimenzi abe ngaphantsi. Ngokutsho manani, 90% amatyala ke lo oyena nobangela into ukunisa ekuphuhliseni zomhlaza kwenkqubo nokuphefumla lomntu. abatshayayo ezinzima kwaye musa qaphela ugula kangakanani na umhlaza wemiphunga. icuba iqulethe ezininzi carcinogens, leyo ngexesha sesichengeni elide ukuya epithelium inyumoniya kuwuhlambela isakhiwo, epithelium columnar iba multilayered tyaba, yaye kukho umhlaza wemiphunga. Olusemngciphekweni kwakhona abatshayayo kwisixando sokwenziwa.

Yi imiba eyingozi kunokubangela umhlaza wemiphunga, nazo ziquka:

• Gas inqambi umoya kwizixeko ezikhulu.
• Chemicals-carcinogens: chromium, iarseniki, nickel, asbestos.
• ukukrala Chronic ye isixokelelwano sokuphefumla.
• tuberculosis transferred.
• abanesigulo miphungeni.

Naluphi na utshintsho yezifo zibonakala ngokucacileyo kwi x-reyi emiphungeni. Ngoko ke, kufuneka uthathe esifubeni X-reyi ngonyaka ngamnye.

Ukuze siphile ngaphandle umhlaza

Njengoko yokusebenza ibonisa, akukho namnye uya kusinda ukususela zisenzeka zomhlaza. Noko ke, okulandelayo ezinye zikhokelo unga nciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba nesi sifo soyikekayo. Oogqirha ukucebisa indlela yokuphila, kungekhona ukuba nomhlaza. Nazi ezi zikhokelo zilula:

• Fumana ukuphelisa takbakokureniya nokunciphisa umngcipheko somhlaza ngokuthi izihlandlo ezili-10.
• Thatha uvavanyo kwegazi amagciwane. Ukuba umntu a yenethiwekhi lwegciwane eyingozi, kuyimfuneko ukuba esweni rhoqo imeko yempilo yabo.
• Ukomeleza amajoni omzimba. yokuphila esempilweni, ukuphumla kakuhle, iiklasi umzimba kunokwenzeka, unyango ibhafu, tempering - konke oku komeleza inkqubo yomzimba kwaye sishiya akukho ithuba lomhlaza.
• Nikela ingqalelo eyaneleyo iimviwo zokuthintela. Kuyimfuneko ukuba atyelele rhoqo bonke abantu abafanelekileyo kwaye ukuhlolwa ezifanelekileyo. Ixesha ukuxilonga umhlaza phantse lonk esinyangekayo.
• Xiphephana kunye neengcamango ezimbi. Abanethemba baphila ixesha elide baze ngcono.

Food nomhlaza

Iingcali nazo ukusinika iqela lezindululo, ukuba badle indlela ngokufuna nomhlaza. Kukho indlela ethe ngqo phakathi ukutya Ukwakhiwa kunye nengozi yokuba nesifo somhlaza. Ngokutsho WHO, 40% of zomhlaza emadodeni kunye 60% abasetyhini ezinxulumene iimpazamo kwizidlo.

Yokudla anti-umhlaza sineenkalo ezimbini eziphambili: ukutya livalela ukuhamba carcinogens emzimbeni kunye nokusetyenziswa onkoprotektor yendalo. Oogqirha ukunika izikhokelo ngesondlo ilandelayo:

• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso watshaya njengoko hydrocarbon polycyclic - yinto carcinogen eyomeleleyo.
• yokugcina eyiyo yeemveliso kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi ngokwaneleyo abangaphangeliyo uphuhliso carcinogens kuzo.
• Yinyaniso indlela ekhethiweyo zokupheka - loo nto ukubilisa, uqhubeke ucinga kunye ukupheka.
• ulawulo lobushushu ukutya: oku kufuneka kube shushu kakhulu yaye kubanda.
• Musa kakubi ityuwa. yangosuku - 5 g, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ezifumaneka ekutyeni.
• Kuphephe kukuzingxala, nto leyo ekhokelela ukutyeba kunye nomhlaza.
• Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa amafutha ezilwanyana bakhetha ngeoli yemifuno.
• inani elaneleyo iivithamini kunye neeminerali, ezifana E, A, C, D, B9, B2, B6, B5, potassium, selenium, iodine lunciphisa ubungozi nomhlaza.
• Ukutya ifayibha kunciphisa ingozi kwisityalo. Xa ukudla imihla ngemihla kufuneka abe khona 5 servings kwemifuno, iziqhamo, cereal bran, imidumba.

isiphelo

Le uhlobo lomhlaza okwangoku isonjululwe kwezonyango mihla. Esi sifo ukwasuleleka ngabantu intsapho esempilweni ngokupheleleyo, kunye, kwelinye icala, umntu emngciphekweni kuzo zonke, ukuze ngovuyo baphila kwiminyaka ivuthiwe ubudala, bengazi malunga izifo oncological. Logama nje abantu sele ayifumanekanga impendulo yombuzo indlela abantu nomhlaza, kwaye ezaqanjwa amayeza kuye, singakwazi ukunciphisa imingcipheko kunye ukuze siphile ngokuvisisana emzimbeni yabo. Abe sempilweni entle kwaye agule!