Kirch - ibandla yamaLuthere ... ntoni na?

Kirchen kukulawula ebizwa yamaLuthere izakhiwo lokuhlambulula. Kodwa akunjalo. Le Kirche elithi waseJamani ekwafanekisa ingcamango Russian of "icawa." KwiTestamente eNtsha lamakhonkco intsingiselo ekhethekileyo - ibandla (Kirch) ekunokuthiwa njengoko isakhiwo kunye noluntu okanye ibandla labantu ngaphandle imibala yonqulo.

Church-isakhiwo ibandakanya iintlobo ezintathu kwizakhiwo: ecaweni (Chapel), icawa kunye yecawa. Chapel - isakhiwo eyahlukileyo bakhelwe abaneemfuno ezizodwa. Church - kwesakhiwo kukuliphi. Phakathi kwabo akukho iiyantlukwano zonqulo - yonke imisitho, izithethe, umthendeleko ziya kubanjelwa ecaweni, kunye nebandla.

I ingaphakathi ibandla

Ibandla, ukwakhiwa isimbo yemveli, uwahlule ube zahlulo, ngokuqhelekileyo iindawo zamaKristu zonqulo. Okwangoku, onjalo iyantlukwano ekwakhiweni ibandla ilahlekelwa. Icebo kwezakhiwo, akunakuba umqobo ukuba inkonzo nayiphi na iyantlukwano yabo. Yintoni ibandla yamaLuthere? Ngokwemveli, isakhiwo siquka iindawo ezininzi:

• Bokwakhiwa - isithuba apho amaziko auxiliary ziquka kwithala leencwadi, lokuhlambela, igumbi yokuxhela, igumbi ngokuba ukufika kwabasebenzi, njl phezu kweveranda iinqaba ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe benzela belfries ...
• Iikwayara - isithuba ngentla komnyango, apho kukho khona umzimba.
• Nezivalo - kwindawo engundoqo ye isakhiwo ibandla. Kubo, kukho izitulo ezizodwa okanye izitulo zesiqhelo - akunamsebenzi. Kodwa malunga esibingelelweni ngexesha Ukunyathela abaninzi-ndima.
• Isibingelelo - ngokwesithethe ebandleni yamaLuthere, ke atshintshelwe kwelona ngasempuma. Ngokuqhelekileyo ekuphakameni apho emnqamlezweni okanye Umnqamlezo. Unobangela esibingelelweni ahonjiswe imizobo okanye windows namabala-iglasi kumxholo kweVangeli. Oku kube umfanekiso wendalo okanye nje i window. Kirch - ibandla, indawo yonqulo. Ngoko ke, ecaleni lesibingelelo ibekwe epulpitini.

amagama Kirch

• Church nga kubizwa ngegama kwisithili, esitratweni okanye isixeko apho sibekwe khona.
• Modern ibandla yamaLuthere ebizwa amagama iingqiqo ezibalulekileyo zamaKristu. Umzekelo, iBandla uMhlanguli.
• amagama Memorial - in nawo akukho iziko abangcwele, ngoko iCawe ekuthiwa kwinkumbulo iinkokeli zenkonzo okanye abalawuli. Umzekelo, yamaLuthere Church of uLouise (kwinkumbulo kwiKumkanikazi of Prussia) e Kaliningrad.
• Kirch ukuthwala igama pre-uHlaziyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo lo mntu ubalulekileyo iTestamente Entsha, okanye amagama abantu abangcwele. Umzekelo, yamaLuthere Church of St. uPawulos e Odessa.
• Igama ibandla, kuxhomekeka ukubandakanya yobuhlanga amarhamente. Ngokomzekelo, ibandla waseJamani.

Imvelaphi yamaLuthere Church

Ngo-Oktobha 1517 i oyimonki Augustinian njingalwazi uMartin Luther yapapasha encwandini 95. Ngoko kwakukho mfundiso yonke, zahlukile iinkolelo yamaKatolika. Yintoni ekuqaleni lwalujoliswe utshintsho ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela ukuba kusekwe ibandla elitsha.

Kirch ngengqiqo original - ayikho kuphela isakhiwo, kodwa uluntu lwamakholwa. Emva kokuba koHlaziyo, Evangelical yamaLuthere Church (yamaLuthere Church) yenzeka yonke eJamani, eSweden, eFinland, ukususela ngenkulungwane XVI. Kamva yamaLuthere namandla kumantla eJamani, ku Livonia. Iqala ukwakhiwa ngokubanzi izakhiwo zonqulo.

Okwakufudula Order leTeutonic

Lo mmandla eKaliningrad siyakhuselwa kakhulu Kirch elo xesha. Ukongeza, ilifa ithi zaseJamani baba German ixesha ibandla ekuqaleni. Kule ndawo, ibandla yokuqala ukuvela ngenkulungwane XIII. Order leTeutonic ngo-1256 waseka Kirch Shtayndamm, kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva - Porkshen Kirch, ngo-1288 - Kirchen MENDELEYEVO MICRODISTRICT. Ngaphezu kwama-60 ibandla lobuKatolika, eyakhiwe yi-Order leTeutonic, ugcinwe ngoku kummandla kummandla Kaliningrad.

Order leTeutonic kwaye abeka Königsberg nqaba. Church, ilayibrari, iholo ukwamkelwa, nqaba ende, indawo yokuhlala, amagumbi yasebukhosini, oat Tower - iinxalenye component ubungangamela bayo bangaphambili. Igama enqabeni wamnika igama laloo mzi iyakhiwa kufuphi ezindongeni nqaba. Konigsbersky Castle - izinto zamandulo umzi. Ngowe-1967, isakhiwo eliseleyo iindonga nophondo up. Ngubani bakhethe ukuwulungisa.

Igalelo East Prussia

Ukususela ngenkulungwane XIV, kunye nokusekwa izixeko German kummandla East Prussia, yaqala yonke kunye nokwakhiwa amabandla yamaKatolika. 120 Kirch iye yasinda kwixesha langoku.

Cathedral

The Catholic Cathedral yokuqala yakhiwa ngo-1380. Ngokuthe ngcembe, lo yecawa yakhiwe kwaye usayine esekelwe ngaphakathi. Kirch - na iziko lobomi Parish. Ngenxa yoko, ngexesha Cathedral i esinguMyalelo weNkundla waba zahlulo 2: omnye kartel kupepa omnye - ebandleni.

Kungekudala, ecaleni yecawa wakhula isakhiwo eyunivesithi, ithala leencwadi kunye ingqokelela eyodwa yeencwadi ngqangi. On inqaba yayo yafakwa ikloko umxhelo, kamva yecawa wabuyiselwa kwaye sifakelwe ilungu elitsha.

Namhlanje kwindawo eKaliningrad Catholic incinci. Kungoko ke kwaye kwagqitywa ekubeni wenze le yecawa uhlobo iziko-itempile, apho baya kuthandaza ecaleni abameli bavume ezahlukeneyo. Ngoku yecawa iinkonzo kaThixo isetyenziswa amaProtestanti, Orthodox namaKatolika. Lungiselela iikonsathi iimbambano yelungu kunye nomculo weklasiki.

Juditten Church

Juditten Church - oku mhlawumbi isakhiwo mdala eKaliningrad, leyo kungakongela. Year of zokwakha - 1288. iicawa Eyona zamaKatolika kangangeenkulungwane kufike apha izihlwele zabanquli. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIV kwakhiwa belfry kunye iintsimbi ezimbini, wenza esekelwe eqaqambileyo natyebileyo ngaphakathi ibandla eqingqiweyo yamandulo Prussia - "Madonna kwi inyanga iceba", nto leyo wothulelw imimangaliso emikhulu yokuphilisa.

Kirch uye wahlala phantse kakuhle emva kwemfazwe, abemi isiJamani kuyo kwenziwa inkonzo de-1948. Kodwa sakhiwo ngokupheleleyo yatshatyalaliswa abasuka eSoviet Union. Ekuqaleni kuka-1980 ukuze sizikhusele kwintshabalalo umtsalane, Kirche wabuyela kwiCawa yobuOthodoki. Ngoku nanku omnye umfazi ka-St Nicholas Monastery.

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo kwekhulu XIX-XX

Esi sakhiwo kwimbali ye eKaliningrad - ibandla yamaLuthere of Queen uLouise. Xa isidima sobukhosi kwayo yakhiwa ngo-1899. Kule 60s abasemagunyeni izicwangciso ukuba kudilizwe le ofisi kwisakhiwo, kodwa wasindiswa, refitting sakhiwo kwindawo yokubonela woonopopi.

Catholic Chapel of St. Adalbert yakhiwa ngo-1904. kweminyaka engama-30 kamva ukuba incamathele kwi sakhiwo iifestile ngeenxa bakha isibingelelo. Chapel wafumana iwonga ibandla. Ngexesha lemfazwe, inxalenye eqhotyoshelweyo sele ezonakeleyo sadilizwa, yaye inxalenye endala ibandla tywa inkampani angoozenzele. Ngoku isakhiwo izindlu nolawulo Institute Research.

Sagrada Familia ibandla yakhiwa ngo-1907. Ngokutsho umakhi, lo Kirk yamaKatolika wayefanele ukuba ibe yindlu nentsapho ibandla, apho waba umoya uthando lobuKristu. Kukho zabanjwa izithethe kuphela ubhaptizo kunye yomtshato. Ebudeni ibandla iMfazwe Yehlabathi II onakeleyo ngocoselelo yaye ngokuthe ngcembe batshatyalaliswe. Ngowe-1980, emva kokuba nokwakhiwa elide Regional Philharmonic Society yavulwa apho. Seta lungu Czech imibhobho 3600.

Catholic yamaLuthere Church of St. Joseph yasungulwa ngo-1931. Esi sakhiwo waba imigangatho ezintathu kwinqaba kunye nophahla elimbhoxo. Ngexesha angels yamaLuthere ibandla bahlupheka kancinane, yaye emva kwemfazwe, ngoko ibekwe Railway Club. Ngowe-1969 esi sakhiwo sakhiwe balifaka warehouses ukuba ibekwe khona ngalo mzuzu.

Kirch, esebenza ngoku njengoko amabandla Orthodox

Ponarth yamaLuthere-yamaLuthere Church - yeyona isakhiwo intle kwi indlela zwe. Yakhiwa-1897 ngeendleko ze-utshwala zasekuhlaleni, abahlali kunye mali karhulumente. umzimba ibandla yamaLuthere wanika uluntu lwamaJuda umzi. nehlelo neendleko phantse konakale ngexesha lemfazwe. Emva kwemfazwe, kunye spire webandla isusiwe, kwaye igumbi yayisetyenziswa njengendawo indawo yokubeka. Ngowe-1991 isakhiwo wanikwa kwiCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, yaye ngoku i-Orthodox wokuzalwa of ungowokubongwa Virgin.

Rosenau yamaLuthere ibandla esisekwe-1914. Kodwa ngenxa yemfazwe (First World) ukwakhiwa itempile, kwafuneka ukuba irhox-. Ngowe-1926 ukwakhiwa icawa yagqitywa. Ngexesha ibandla Second World yamaLuthere phantse akazange eve yaye yayisetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina. kwiminyaka engama-25 eyadlulayo isakhiwo wanikwa kwiCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, kwaye ngoku apha Orthodox of the Virgin oyiNgcwele.

YamaLuthere Church of the Cross yakhiwa kwaye bamiselwe 1933. Ebudeni bemfazwe lafumana umonakalo ezingephi, kwaye emva kokuba Second kweMfazwe Yehlabathi isakhiwo evenkileni. Ngowe-1988, esi sakhiwo wanikwa iCawa Russian yobuOthodoki, bamiselwa ngo-1994, namhlanje i Orthodox Cross Holy Cathedral.

Indawo yokugqibela yonqulo, leyo amaJamani awayakhayo Königsberg, waye yamaLuthere Church of Christ. Owakhiwa ngayo kwingingqi kubasebenzi kungekho frills kunye zikukunongwa. Isakhiwo wadalwa ngowe-1937. Wecawa babe ngabantu 720 ngexesha. Emva kwemfazwe, isakhiwo emalitshintshwe apha naphaya House of Culture. Esi sakhiwo inikwa phezu ROC, kodwa, ngokutsho zizigqeba, ngelixa apha ozakusebenza club.

Abakhoyo yamaLuthere namaKatolika amabandla

Ngoku eKaliningrad kwi kwiCawa yamaKatolika 2 ukufika: Family oyiNgcwele St. Adalbert. izakhiwo Church zakhiwa ngo-1991 no-1992. "Caritas West" Center yamaKatolika kuvulwa ngo-1992. Esebenza kulo mzi kunye isebe College Catholic.

Evangelical yamaLuthere Church kwisixeko waphila kuphela ngo-1991. AmaLuthere ubuthe kwisakhiwo zecawa Prospekt Mira. Kananjalo Provostry (zezithili ibandla) apho mission obhalisiweyo "Ukukhanya of the East".

Yintoni ibandla yamaLuthere? Kude koHlaziyo, ibandla yamaLuthere ebizwa Church emazweni German. Germany - indawo awazalelwa kuyo yoHlaziyo. Emva kokuba amaKatolika amaLuthere abizelwa Kirche (ibandla) isakhiwo apho kudibana ukuze banqule. Kirchen ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yamaLuthere kunye nabanye German. Kuba amaKatolika efanayo, ngokuxhomekeke lizwe, kunokuba ecaweni okanye kukuliphi. Umzekelo, ukuba abahlali Belarus, i-Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia Catholic Church - eli bandla.