Indlela engcolileyo. Iindlela zaseRashiya

Iqondo lophuhliso lomnatha wendlela luxhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi zikaRhulumente, ezifana nokuchuma kwelizwe, amandla alo okukhusela kunye nokunye okuninzi. Ngelishwa, izithuthi zaseRashiya aziqheliseki, kufuneka ushiye indlela kwaye uye kwindawo ekude, njengoko unokujamelana nesimo esinjalo njengendlela engcolileyo.

Phakathi kwamaninzi amaninzi amaphecana anjalo abonakala ekhona, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuwasebenzisa. Ngamanye amaxesha kuninzi kunemigodi emikhulu, izibonda ezinkulu, izitenxo eziqhubekayo kunye noluthuli oluninzi olujikelezayo ukusuka ngaphantsi kweevili zithuthi. Nangona ukulungiswa kwendlela yaseRussia kwenziwa rhoqo ngonyaka, akunakwenzeka ukujongana ngokupheleleyo neyona nto ibhubhisa umhlaba. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukuba izakhamuzi zaseRashiya zikwazi ngaphambili ukuba zingabelana njani neendlela zaseRussia.

Imbali yeziseko zendlela

Kwinkulungwane yesithoba, xa iRashiya yasendulo yazalwa, imilambo yenzelwa iindlela, ngoko iindawo ezininzi zokuhlala zakhiwa kumanxweme abo. Ngexesha lehlobo laseburhulumenteni bahamba ngomkhumbi emanzini, kwaye ebusika bahamba behamba.

Emva koko, xa kwinqanaba lenkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu, ukusekwa kwelizwe elilodwa laqala, igunya lakhe laqala ukucinga malunga nokudalwa kweposi laseYamskaya. Ngaloo ndlela, iindlela zaseRashiya zaqala ukwakha, kwaye ulawulo lwazo lwaluya kuba ligosa elikhethelwe ngokukhethekileyo kule njongo.

Ngethuba lokubusa kukaChristine II ibhizinisi lendlela yaqala ukudibanisa ukubaluleka kombuso obalulekileyo. Ngokomyalelo wakhe, iindlela endala zaziswa kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, kwaye kuzo zonke izithili iqela elikhethekileyo lihlangene, imisebenzi yawo yayiquka ukubeka esweni ukhuseleko lweendlela zendlela.

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ukuphuhliswa koothutho lwasemzimbeni kwaqala, ngoko iipateni nezendlela zomhlaba zazingabalulekanga kwilizwe. Kodwa ngekhulu lemashumi mabini, ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo loshishino kunye nokuvela kweemoto zokuqala, isimo sengqondo sabasemagunyeni kwindlela yokuthungatha indlela ishintshile kakhulu. Ekubeni kwakungekho mali eyaneleyo, umgangatho weendlela zaseRashiya waqhubeka uhlala kwimeko ephosakeleyo.

Inkqubo enkulu yokuvuselela nokwakhiwa kwezithuthi yayijoliswe kwiminyaka engama-20 yenkulungwane, kodwa izicwangciso ezinjalo zazivimbela iMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Emva kokulwa, kwafumaniswa ukuba ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingamashumi asibhozo eekhilomitha zeziseko zomgwaqo zachithwa, ngoko umbuzo wawuyiyo indlela yokubuyisela indlela endala, kunokuzakhela ezintsha.

Emva koko ukwakhiwa kwaqhubeka ngamaxabiso amaninzi kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe, kodwa, ngelanga, amaziko amaninzi ezithili azixhunyiwe kwiidolophu zengingqi eneengubo eziqinileyo.

Ngeli xesha, nangona imeko yeendlela zilunge kangcono, kunjalo, ngokutsho kweengcaphephe, ubude bomthamo weendlela abufikelele kumgangatho weekhilomitha ezili-1.5 eziza kudibana neemfuno zoluntu nezomnotho zorhulumente.

Udidi kunye neendidi

Imigwaqo eRashiya, njengoko kumgaqo, nakwezinye iindawo, zihluke komnye nomgangatho wobuninzi bomgwaqo kunye nobude, ngoko ke iikhosi zendlela ezilandelayo ziyaziwa:

• I-Motorway (ingowesigaba sokuqala, ineendlela ezi-ezine, isivinini esiphezulu semoto sisi-130-150 km / h);

• Indlela eqhelekileyo (kukho iindidi ezahlukileyo kunye nenani leendlela eziqhelekileyo, isithuthi esiphezulu sendlela kwinqanaba lomgwaqo alikho ngaphezu kwe-100 km / h);

• Ukuvakalisa indlela.

Kwii-atlases kunye neemephu, olu luhlu aluphelelanga ukudibana, ngoko kungcono ukwazi ukumakisha okuqulethwe ngamagama kunye namanani. Uludwe lwetale lubonisa ngokucacileyo ngoluphi umzila umqhubi ojongene nalo:

• E - le mizila yendlela iyingxenye ebalulekileyo yendlela yokuhamba kwendlela yaseYurophu, ngokuhambelana namanye amacandelo endlela ephakamileyo.

• I-AN - oku kuthetha ukuba le ndlela ihamba ngeendlela zaseAsia.

• Iimida zendlela ezisemgangathweni ezidibanisa amaziko amakhulu nakwiidolophu eziphakathi kwazo.

• Izithuthi ezihamba phambili ze-Р, ezidibanisa iindawo zokuhlala ezibaluleke kakhulu.

• Kwaye-ezi ziyimpawu zokubaluleka kommandla, ezingenayo iindwendwe ezizodwa kwi-Russian Federation.

• K - zonke ezinye iinqwelo-ndlela, ikakhulukazi kwindlela yelizwe okanye i-primer.

• H - kwindawo yangasese okanye yangaphakathi.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, kulungele ukwakhiwa kwendlela ehamba ngeendlela eziphezulu, nangona ngamanye amaxesha kuvela ixesha elide, kodwa lukhuselekile kwaye lukhulu ngakumbi.

Iyiphi indlela yokungcola?

Ezi ziindawo ezihambahambayo, ezibandakanya kuphela izinto zendalo kunye nezendalo: isanti, udongwe, umhlaba onamatye, i-turf kunye neminye imithombo enjalo. Indlela yokungcola kwiimpawu zayo kunye nepropati ikwahlulo lwesihlanu kwaye ayinayo ingubo enzima.

Ngexesha lezulu lemvula kunye nekhephu eliqhaqhakazileyo, amaphecana anjalo ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwaye imoto ayinakuqinisekiswa ukuba idlule kuwo. Kukhuselekile ukuwasebenzisa kumaqabunga okuqala, xa kungekho zikhethi zekhephu okwamanje okanye ngexesha elomileyo.

Indlela yokungcola yilezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuphuculwa (okuphawulwe kwimephu ngemigca emibini efana nombala ophuzi);

• Intsimi kunye nehlathi (kwi-atlas ibonakala kwinqanaba eliphukileyo);

• Indlela yelizwe (imephu ibonisa imibala eqinile).

Ukwakhiwa kwe-primer

Olu hlobo lendlela lungenziwa ngezandla zakho, umzekelo, xa ufuna ukulungiselela uhambo lwakho ukuya kwi-dacha okanye kwenye indawo yasemaphandleni. Ukwakhiwa kweendlela ezivela kumhlaba wemvelo kuboniswe ngeendlela ezilandelayo:

1. Nciphisa i-gauge yendlela kunye ne-slag yamalahle, ubuncwane bayo buza kuba malunga no-5-10 cm. Kule meko, iphecana linyuka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-puddles ayilwanga. Emva kweminyaka emithathu yokusebenza, phinda le nkqubo.

2. Ukusebenzisa izitena nge-asphalt crumb. Le ndlela engcolileyo inokukwazi ukujamelana nokutshatyalaliswa kwentwasahlobo kwaye ikwazi ukuhlala ngaphezu kweminyaka emine.

3. Ukubeka itektare kwintsimbi ye-dornite, enobuninzi bayo i-150 g / m ² . Le ndlela ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye iyona nto ibhetele.

Ukwakhiwa kweendlela zolu hlobo akubi kakhulu, kodwa kufuna ukugcinwa rhoqo kwengubo efanelekileyo.

Ukulungiswa komsebenzi kumhlaba

Kwinkqubo yokusebenza phantsi kweempembelelo zezithuthi ezahlukahlukeneyo, imeko zemozulu, ngenxa yokungena kwemvula enkulu yemvula, ukushisa okungaqinisekiyo kunye nezinye izinto ezihlukeneyo, zonke iinqwelo ezihamba ngaphandle ngaphandle zigqithise kwaye ziphazamiseke. Ngoko ke, isimbozo somhlaba sendlela sidinga ukubuyiswa nokulungiswa. Oku kuya kwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi.

Ukugqithwa kweendlela kuthethwa phantsi kweemeko ukuba ezinye zeendawo zazo ezinkulu ziya kugqalwa ngokutsha, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ziphelele ngokupheleleyo.

Ekuhlaziyweni konyaka kwangoku, i-graders isetyenziselwa kakhulu, ukusika izinto eziphathekayo ngasendleleni kwaye uyishukumisela endleleni.

Ukuphucula i-primer

Ukuzinza okulungileyo kwendlela emaphepheni ezindleleni, kwindlela elula kakhulu. Okokuqala, ukwenza oku, hlambulula eli candelo lendlela ukusuka kothuli kunye nongcola, uze udibanise kunye nomhlaba odibeneyo, izinto ezibonakalayo kunye neenkwenkwezi ngezinye izithako ezahlukeneyo.

Iindlela ezinjalo zokungcola eziphuculweyo zichasene nemimandla eyahlukeneyo yomonakalo, ngeendlela ezincinci ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwazo.

Kwiindawo ezinzima

Abaqhubi beRussia baye bafumanisa imimangaliso emininzi ebalindele kuzo iindlela zokungcola.

Eyokuqala yalezi zintwaba zihamba. Kule meko, iingubo zomhlaba zifana nenye ipampu. Ukungcola kunokuvala ngokupheleleyo abakhuseli, oko kwenza ukuba amathayi aphephe kwaye angakhuseli ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze ugweme inkathazo enjalo, kufuneka uhambe ngokukhawuleza kwiprothi elandelwe kwaye uzame ukwenza imoto ibe yinto elula ngayo.

Isangeliso sesibini yintlabathi engalindelekanga. Kwimeko apho isomile, umatshini unako, phantsi kobunzima bawo, ukumba ubunzulu ngaphakathi. Ukuba isambatho sesanti sinomanzi, ngoko ke unokutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kufuneka uyenze ngokucophelela, ukuze ungadluli kwiindunduma ezibuhlungu.

Kubonakala ngathi iifudlana ezincinci ezindleleni azikwazi ukuba ngumqobo othile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zifihla imifula eninzi. Ukuba akukho ndlela ejikeleze kuzo, kungcono ukuyeka kwaye uphume emotweni ukuze uhlolisise ubunzulu ngenduku.

Emuva kwendlela

Le ndlela yincinci phakathi kweendawo zokuhlala, nazo zihlanganiswe nomhlaba wendalo. Kuyafaneleka ukuhamba kwezithuthi ezihamba ngevili, kodwa ekubeni le ndlela ingenawo umgangatho onzima, phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezingafanelekiyo ngokungafanelekanga ukuhamba.

Indlela enjalo ayimkelekanga kakhulu ekusebenziseni iimoto ezihamba kuyo - ukuze udlule kuyo, ingakumbi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, abathandi bemoto abanomdla bacebisa ukubeka iintambo ezikhethiweyo kumathayi emoto.

Umgangatho wendlela yomgwaqo waseRussia Federation

Ngo-2012, iingcali zeForam ye-Davos zenze ingxelo yonyaka kwaye ngale njongo iindlela zaseRashiya namanye amazwe zavandlakanywa. Kwinkqubo yabo, isalathisi se-seven point used, apho 1 yindawo ebi kakhulu, kwaye i-7 iphezulu. I-Russia ifunyenwe kulolu cwaningo lwayo amanqaku amathathu asemthethweni. Inani eliphantsi elinjalo lafunyanwa yimigwaqo yaseRashiya ngenxa yekhwalithi eyanelisayo kwaye ngexesha elinye, amanye amaphecana omhlaba ayinakusetyenziswa ekwindla okanye entwasahlobo. Ngoko ke, njengokuba kunjalo, loo mqikelelo ayikumangalisi.

Kutheni na iindlela eziphantsi kweendlela zaseRussia?

Kukholelwa ukuba inethiwekhi yendlela yomhlaba ibonakala njengolu hlobo kuba kukho imimozulu engalungileyo kunye nemigangatho yexesha elidlulileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe kwilizwe. Kwezinye iimeko, ukwakhiwa kweendawo ezingenakulungeleka, ngoko ke ukulungiswa kwendlela kule miqathango kuya kuba nzima.

Kwiindawo ezinjalo zaseRashiya njenge-Karelia kunye nemimandla ye-Far North, inkqubo yokwakha iyanzima ngokushisa okuphantsi, ngoko ke kufuna ixabiso elininzi lamandla, okukhokelela ekukhuphukeni kweendleko zendlela. Ngenxa yoko, kuvela ukuba isamba esikhulu asihambeli ukubeka ubuso bendlela, kodwa ukulwa nemimiselo engokwemvelo.

Ziziphi iindleko zokugcinwa kwendlela?

Kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwango-2016 lwabekwa ama-ruble angama-554 amabhiliyoni, apho i-130 iya kukhwakhiwa nokuvuselelwa kweendlela zengingqi, kunye no-65 - ukwakhiwa kwebhuloki yeKerch. Iibhiliyoni ezisele ziya kulungiswa kunye nokulungiswa kwemigwaqo emikhulu. Ngokwezibalo zakutshanje, ukulungiswa kweekhilomitha enye yeendlela zendleko kwi-ruble ezigidi ezingama-28 kunye nokwakhiwa - iiruble ezigidi ezili-133. Oku kuya kunciphisa inani leendlela zokuhamba ngeendlela zokuhamba.

Izicwangciso zikaRhulumente

ISebe lezoThutho lwaseRussia Federation lenze ingxelo yokuba kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo uceba ukutshintsha zonke iindlela zokungcola ngekhonkrithi. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kubonelela ngemali eyi-1.8 trillion ruble. Kwakhona kwisiseko solu hlobo lwenkqubo, amabhuloho angamashumi amathathu anesihlanu kunye nokugqithiswa kwee-overpasses kufuneka ithathelwe endaweni okanye ivuselelwe kwakhona.

Kwimeko apho izicwangciso ezivakalisiweyo zizalisekile, ngokutsho kweengcali, oku kuya kunciphisa inani lezengozi kunye nokwandisa amandla okuphatha izithuthi. Kwaye, ngaphezu koko, kuya kusombulula enye yeengxaki eziphambili zabaqhubi.