Su-47 "Berkut": iifoto, izakhiwo. Kutheni olusondeleyo projekthi?

ukwakhiwa Aircraft, ingakumbi kwisigaba emkhosini, siye njalo sanika ingqwalaselo - ubude kwemida kuyinto enkulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kungekho ukulwa moya nangayiphi na indlela. Nokuba kule minyaka 90 eli candelo likwazile kusinda. Mhlawumbi umntu ukhumbula imbonakalo nokuphumelela C-37, emva koko yaba Su-47 "Berkut". Isiphumo bembonakalo yayo ibe kuyamangalisa, ngeteknoloji entsha iye yabangela umdla engakholelekiyo kuphela kwilizwe lethu kodwa phesheya. Kwakutheni ukuze kwenzeke oku?

ulwazi Basic kwi program

Into yokuba lo moya sele itsale ingqalelo ehlabathini ngenxa amaphiko phambili-kutshayelwa. Uchulumanco kwaba ngxoxo nanamhlanje ngayo iprojekthi Pak FA kwezo ziganeko musa ukufikelela. Zonke iingcali kwangaphambili ikamva yophuhliso imincili ezintsha ezibuza iza Su-47 semkhosini "Berkut". Kutheni wavala iprojekthi ukuba lonke emangalisayo kangaka? Kule, kwakunye zadibana yoqulunqo lo moya namhlanje kwaye siza sithethe.

"Imfihlelo Top 'into

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwase yokuqala wazeka ukuya esibhakabhakeni kufuphi eMoscow ekupheleni kukaSeptemba 1997. Kodwa into yokuba ubukho yawo yaziwa kakhulu ngaphambili. Kakade ekupheleni kuka-1994, eendaba Koloni ngokuphindaphindiweyo wabhala ukuba eRashiya liphuhlisa ethile moya mfihlakalo. Baze bakhomba igama libonisa - i-C-32. Ngokubanzi, kubonakala ukuba imfihlelo yokuba ubukho-moya sele iphuhlisiwe ukuze kuthi, ngenxa yokuba eendaba kunye states yasentshona Cert umva wabhala ngokuphandle.

Domestic efanayo abathanda ubuchwepheshe wamajoni wafumana isiqinisekiso olu lwazi de kuye ekupheleni kuka-1996. Xa oolindixesha lwasekhaya wabonakala ifoto, ngoko nangoko yabangela imibuzo emininzi. Kwaba moya ezimbini: omnye wabo kulula ukuthelekelela Su-27, kodwa imoto yesibini nto efanayo. Okokuqala, kwaba abamnyama ngokupheleleyo, ukuba i-Air Force zasekhaya yi aziqhelekanga kakhulu, yaye okwesibini, ukuba itshayelwe amaphiko. Emva esinye isibini kweenyanga (kwaye oku kungekho wothuka) kumajelo eendaba efanayo amazwe baye dweliso olude eneenkcukacha moya entsha. Ukuba umntu akazange acinge ukuba i Su-47 "Berkut".

Ngokubanzi, umlinganiselo othile emfihlekweni, ukuba bagcine zonke enye ayiphumelelanga: kwenzeka kamva ukuba imisebenzi projekthi zaqalwa kwi-80. Emva kokuba ngokuwa yiSoviet Union bubonakala domain uluntu phantse lonke ulwazi hlobo, "ngequbuliso." Noko ke, akumangalisi.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Kwi-70 emva kwexesha lonke ulawulo phezulu ye-USSR Air Force ibonisa kwi qhinga moya kwiminyaka ezayo. Sele 1981, uqale inkqubo, injongo kukuphuhlisa "ukulwa esitsha '90." I-ofisi enkulu yoyilo omiselwe Mikoyan. Ke iinkokheli le projekthi Sukhoi wasilela ukweyisela abasemagunyeni ukuba Su-27 ekhoyo luseko umxhelo ngenxa yotshintsho, kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka ukuba aqulunqe Umatshini ekhoyo kunokuba "uzakhe ivili".

Kanye ngelo xesha CEO CB waba MP Simonov, ngubani kunjalo bagqiba ekubeni bayeke izicwangciso kwanokuphucula ngokuzinikela ukuba udale into entsha ngokwenene. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba abayili wayefuna ngokwenene ukuvavanya iqela zinika umdla, ngaphandle umngcipheko "aqhumisele" kwi projekthi ayiphumelelanga: xa ukusilela kunganxulunyaniswa lonke obutsha. Noko ke, nakuba kwabakho akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ezi zinto ziya kuba zibaluleke kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ubuncinane ukusuka ngokwembono yenzululwazi kunye zobunjineli.

Kwakutheni ukuze ukhethe iphiko "ephosakeleyo,"?

Ngoko ke, kutheni ukuba nguvulindlela Su-47 "Berkut" yaba iphiko forwardswept? Xa kuthelekiswa loyilo eqhelekileyo, yaba kwiqela lokulungileyo ezibalulekileyo:

• omoya Excellent, nokuba ngesantya esisezantsi, le iadvanteji kubonakala kwangoko.
• Oncomekayo ukubagcina, lee kwabo uyilo ezaziwa amaphiko.
• Ukuphucula iimpawu yokusingatha ngexesha isuka kunye kokwehla.
• Ngokubonakalayo amathuba ukuya tailspin "iimfama".
• Beautiful ulungelelwaniso - njengoko iziqalelo umthwalo-ethwele iphiko nyathelo lisingise ngumsila, kwindawo esembindini uyakhululwa isithuba kakhulu ukuba amalungiselelo ubengo emthethweni.

iingxaki zesakhiwo

Zonke ezi zingentla isondlo kunokwenzeka ukuba ukudala ukulwa ogqibeleleyo ngokwenene. Kodwa ukuba kuhle kunjalo, umkhosi ihlabathi liya kuba kudala bantinga moya ezinjalo. Into esinayo ukusombulula imingeni zoyilo ezintsonkothileyo ekudaleni aba matshini:

• Le divergence elastic ye iphiko. Ngamafutshane, oku nje ejijekileyo ngesantya ezithile. Esi simo, ngasendleleni, Ekuhlanganeni kunye anegesi eJamani, apho kwakukho iinzame ukudala moya efanayo. Isisombululo enengqondo kukunyusa ngqongqo ukuya ubuninzi.
• Okwanda ubunzima-moya. Xa iphiko izinto ezikhoyo elixa kuba nzima kunene.
• Ukwandisa inomlingani side. Uqwalaselo ethile iphiko kukhokelela ekwandeni kwindawo ukumelana nayo yonke imiphumo yaso.
• Ngamandla anesizathu kugxilwe ashukimisayo, leyo phantse ishenxisa kolingelo kwii manual kwiimeko ezininzi, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka i elektroniki "smart" ukuzinzisa.

Abayili waba oluninzi xhopho zokusombulula ezi ngxaki, kangangokuba Su-47 "Berkut" ayikwazanga ngokuqhelekileyo ukubhabha.

Izisombululo main zobugcisa

Yanele ukuba ukujonga ngokukhawuleza izisombululo eziphambili zobugcisa. Ukuze kufikelelwe lukhuni oyifunayo, kodwa loo nto ayithethi ukuyilayisha isakhiwo, iphiko wagqiba ukwenza ukusetyenziswa elilelona lininzi carbon fiber. Apho kunokwenzeka, siya ukuzirhoxisa kukhona. Kodwa ke kwenzeka ukuba yonke into yenziwa USSR iinjini moya ayikwazanga ukunika indlela ebhalwe efunekayo, ke ngoko le projekthi kwathotha phantsi okwethutyana.

C-37, lo preimage yokuqala

Apha bemeko- i Su-47 (S-37) "Berkut" ewile batsala nzima. Enyanisweni, le projekthi ngokubanzi siza kutshatyalaliswa ngenxa yokwanda yeengxaki kwezoqoqosho, kodwa wangenelela Navy zobunkokeli, zanikela ukuba le mbono karma moya yenethiwekhi-based. Ekuqaleni ezi 90, abaphandi babuyela umxholo iphiko phezu Cert umva, besebenzisa zonke ezikhoyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ngokwenene, ke kwabonakala "Berkut" Su-47 projekthi.

Impumelelo abayili kunye iinjineli

Eyona mpumelelo lukhulu abayili nga ngokukhuselekileyo ithathe ukuba indalo le ubugcisa obubodwa ngokusungula iindawo elide izinto edityanisiweyo ezintsonkothileyo. Ukongeza, kuba ikwazile ukufikelela ngqo eliphezulu ngokwenene ingxenye yabo. Ixesha elide yinxalenye moya Su-47 "Berkut", ifoto apho ubona kweli nqaku ezisibhozo eemitha ubude. Ngamafutshane, iinkcukacha encinane, bonke bephela nokuchaneka iphezulu oxhulumene-nye, kakhulu inciphise inani walutshixa kunye namalungu riveted. Le nempembelelo entle kakhulu kokubini ngqongqo kwaye yokubhabha kulo moya.

Ubunzima moya iprojekthi eza tonnes-20, yaye kungabi ngaphantsi kwe-14% yaba zisasilela ezintsonkothileyo. Kuba lula iphezulu iinkcukacha uzama ukuthatha oomatshini serially zaveliswa. Ngoko ke, lantern, isisu semoto inani kwezinye izinto zolwakhiwo ukusiwa wafudukela Su-47 "Berkut" okulungileyo "ukhokho" aphumelele - SU-27.

Elunxwemeni phambi ithambeka SCA 20 °, udonga elingasemva ixabiso 37 °. ingcambu Inxalenye ye ezizodwa ukuluhlakaza, ukuvumela ukuba nciphisa ngokubaluleka lomlingani tsala sele yenziwe. Phantse zonke ngohlangothi Iphiko ithatha up yonke zoomatshini. Zonke eyilwe - zisasilela ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye% 10 kuphela iwela ezifakelwa yesinyithi wongezelela ukufikelela amandla afunekayo ukuqina.

ulawulo

Ngqo emacaleni zezulu wobhaliso zonke-ihamba umsila tyaba, nto leyo iba imilo trapezoidal. Indibano umsila nayo yenziwa layout kutshayelwa. Umsila nkqo ifana kakhulu naleyo zonke efanayo Su-27, kodwa ummandla ogcweleyo ngokuphawulekayo enkulu. Oku kufikelelwe ngokwenza utshintsho kubume: ukuba ukusebenza ngendlela eyiyo, kwaye ke ngoko nobukhulu bawa.

Umnqamlezo-candelo fuselage kufutshane elimbhoxo ngaphandle yikhabhinethi yi kakhulu "wawakhotha" kwaye kakuhle kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Isaphetha iinguqu ezingephi aye abolekwe phantse ngokupheleleyo ukusuka Su-27. Ngapha nangapha-moya ibekwe ezilula, isibalo umoya ezingalawulwayo. Phezulu kwe fuselage ziyafumaneka kwakhona, kodwa umqhubi uyakwazi ukulawula indawo yazo, ukuba ababebuthelene phantsi zijike obukhulu, isuka okanye kokwehla. Njengoko ubona kulo ifoto, emacaleni nemilomo le Su-47 "Berkut", iimpawu apho esixubusha, kukho maqhuqhuva ezincinane ngaphakathi apho radar okanye ezinye izixhobo inokubekwa.

isityalo amandla

Ekubeni kwakungekho nto ngakumbi lingakulungele nje, le iinjini bafakwa imodeli moya turbofan D-30F11. Bona, ngengozi, lisetyenziswa MIG-31. Bamgxotha le moto kuyacaca ngokwaneleyo, kodwa bekucingelwa ukuba kwixesha elizayo uya kukwazi ukuhlakulela ophezulu torque kunye model nenoqoqosho. Noko ke, nangona ubunzima isuka 25,5 iitoni iimpawu zezi iinjini baba ngaphezu eyamkelekileyo. Ngokugabadelayo ngesantya moya zafikelela 2.2 amawaka km / h kwinqanaba elwandle, eli nani laba 1.5 amawaka. Km / h. Uluhlu eliphezulu - amawaka 3.3 khilomitha, "isilingi" ukuphakama - 18 km.

Izixhobo kwezikhali

Ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, inxalenye yokwenene isixhobo ekwinqwelo yaziwa kancinane kakhulu. Wena nonelungelo zicinge ukuba inxalenye yawo yadluliselwa Su-27. Inkqubo navigation ukuba basebenzise yokufumana data-time real kwiisathelayithi zomkhosi. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba moya isihlalo ejection olwalubekwe imodeli K-36DM, uyahluka kakhulu ezivela yemveliso ekuso. Inyaniso yokuba umva wakhe ibekwe kwi ° 30 ukuya tye.

Oku kwenziwa ukuze yabaqhubi lula ukuhambisa ukucima kombane enkulu ukuba yenzekile ngexesha angenelela olunzulu ngesantya kakhulu. Ngokutsho data ekhoyo, nokunye ukulawula zithathwe ngqo nabanye ababelwela zasekuhlaleni, yaye njenge "donor" Amaxesha amaninzi kusetyenziswa Su-27.

Ekubeni ndiza yokulinga kuphela, yena akazange ephethe izixhobo kwi siseko (okanye ulwazi malunga nayo ngasese). Ukanti iphiko kwi duko lasekhohlo ngokucacileyo kwindawo ebonakalayo phantsi shaka oluzenzekelayo (kukho ubungqina ukuba kwase kwalo lonke efanayo), kwaye phakathi igobhogobho unalo banzi gumbi intlekele kwezikhali. Oosonzululwazi kunye nabezomkhosi ngazwi linye bathi projekthi esukelwayo kuphela kuvavanywa iimpawu eziphaphazelayo olu hlobo oomatshini, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ezinye izixhobo ezizodwa azikhange ababekhwele kweso Su-47 "Berkut". Kutheni wavala lo msebenzi, nto leyo sele ebonise ukuba ethembisayo kakhulu phantsi?

Ngenxa yoko projekthi ivaliwe?

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba uvavanyo esebenzayo yale prototype waze kwiminyaka yoo-2000. Le projekthi yavalwa kuba ekuqaleni wayecebe ukwenza uvavanyo. Zonke izinto eziye elaye ngethuba le misebenzi ngokwenene nanto. impazamo Global kukucinga ukuba wesihlanu-isizukulwana mbono. Su-47 "Berkut" - prototype sakhe kuphela, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoko ke, sele siyazi ukuba ibhombu bay engundoqo ngayo twatse ukuba zakutshanje Pak FA. Ngokuqinisekileyo lo wokugqibela wabonakala nto ngengozi ... Kuphela emkhosini ukwazi ukuba inani elifanayo iingcamango zobugcisa kunye nenqwelo-moya aya kusetyenziswa kwixa elizayo. Nawe unokuqiniseka ukuba kuza kubakho iqashiso lenu.

mathemba

Nangona ukuvalwa theoretical component projekthi, imodeli Su-47 "Berkut" nangoku ebangela Kwiingxoxo ezishushu kwizibonelelo basekhaya angaphandle: iingcali athi ukuba kukho amathuba olu hlobo koomatshini. amaxesha amawaka nzulu ngalo kule ndlela kwaxoxwa. Kwaye kusekho akukho ukuvumelana malunga noko elindele moya efanayo kwixesha elizayo; nokuba ukugqiba zisabonakala, okanye ukutshintshwa zonke BBC yeHlabathi into efanayo. Abantu abaninzi bayavuma ukuba njengomqobo eziphambili utshintsho onjalo womhlaba ixabiso yenzeka ngayo izinto kunye nobuxhakaxhaka ezisetyenziswa kokudalwa 'Berkut ".

Lilonke, le projekthi iza kuqwalaselwa yimpumelelo. Nangona Su-47 "Berkut" yaye owandulela (nangona ngeke wazi) ababelwa yakutshanje, kunye nengxaki "mouse emhlophe", wamelana ngokunamathelene-. Ngoko, kuwo inqwaba run-in izinto ezintsha, mithetho leyo, yonke nangoku eMelika. Mhlawumbi, ekuphuhliseni imathiriyeli kunye nokunciphisa iindleko inkqubo yokudala ezithile Iipholima ezinzima, siza kuphinda kubona lo moya mhle esibhakabhakeni, ngokwenene embhoxo ubabalo intaka lixhoba.