Imvelaphi AmaZwekazi kunye Oceans (Grade 7). Imvelaphi AmaZwekazi kunye Oceans: hypothesis, inkcazelo kunye nembali

Umhlaba - umzimba cosmic, inxalenye yenkqubo elanga. Ukuqwalasela imvelaphi amazwekazi neelwandle, kuyimfuneko ibhekisela ukuvela lomhlaba.

Njengoko kwamiswa iplanethi yethu

Imvelaphi amazwekazi neelwandle - umbuzo wesibini. Okokuqala kukucacisa izizathu inkqubo kunye nomhlaba ukuyilwa. isigqibo lakhe lithethathethene kusini izazi zamandulo. Linyanzela yeengcinga ezininzi phambili ukuchaza imvelaphi Yomhlaba. ingqalelo yabo - Lilungelo leSebe i ngeenkwenkwezi. Enye hypothesis iqhelekileyo O. Schmidt, othi kwafika umhlaba wethu ilifu abandayo irhasi kunye nothuli. Amasuntswana ebandakanyiweyo kuwo, ngexesha ukujikeleza ujikeleza ilanga yahlangana omnye komnye. Bayabambelela kunye, nto leyo nokunyuka ngentlama ubukhulu, ingxinano yayo siyandiswa, isakhiwo yatshintsha.

Kukho nezinye yeengcinga ukuchaza ukuvela iiplanethi. Ezinye zazo zibonisa ukuba imizimba cosmic, kuquka Umhlaba - isiphumo ukuba ungadubula ngamandla zangaphezulu high isithuba, nto leyo ekhokelele ekuweni mba obalaseleyo. Khangela inyaniso phezu imvelaphi umhlaba nangoku ibamba izazinzulu ezininzi.

Ubume kuqweqwe lomhlaba phantsi amazwekazi neelwandle

Ufunda imvelaphi amazwekazi neelwandle, iBakala 7 High School. Nokuba abafundi bazi ukuba umaleko eliphezulu kuthiwa lithosfere ngayo kuqweqwe lomhlaba. It is a uhlobo 'yokwaleka' agqume izibilini wekratshi planethi. Ukuba usithelekise nabanye zomaleko komhlaba, kubonakala enomzimba umboniso. avareji balo babulingana nesandla elingana% 0.6 kuphela kwirediyasi lomhlaba.

Imvelaphi amazwekazi kunye nezitya ulwandle, esicacisa imbonakalo yangaphandle boMhlaba, iza kuya icaca ngakumbi xa sihlolisisa isakhiwo lithosfere kuqala. kolu qweqwe lomhlaba iquka amacwecwe elizwekazi yolwandle. Eyokuqala ibandakanya ngeengcamba ezintathu (ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu): abangelwe, inyengane kusombiwa. iipleyiti lothuli bayiswele yokugqibela ezimbini, ngoko Ebubanzini lincinane kakhulu.

Umahluko isakhiwo amacwecwe

Umbuzo ngulo, ofunda geography (Grade 7) - imvelaphi amazwekazi neelwandle, kwakunye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo yesakhiwo. Uninzi izazinzulu ehlabathini ekuqaleni wabonakala iipleyiti kuphela yolwandle. Phantsi yempembelelo iinkqubo esivulekayo izibilini zomhlaba, umphezulu baba Eyisongile, kwakukho ezintabeni. Amaxolo yenziwa ziyatyeba, kwaye kwaqalisa ukuvela uqikelelo, kamva similise nezwe.

Eminye ukuguquka amazwekazi kunye nezitya olwandle nga erivaleni swinene. izimvo Scientists 'kulo mba ahlukana. Ngokutsho hypothesis mnye, amazwekazi musa ukuhamba, kwelinye - njalo ezihambayo.

Kutshanje kwakukho uyagwetyelwa enye ngaphezulu hypothesis kwesakhiwo kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Isiseko kuba kwithiyori amazwekazi ezihambayo, umbhali ogama Wegener kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni XX. Ngexesha lakhe nako ukuphendula imibuzo esemthethweni malunga imikhosi ezibangela amazwekazi ukuze akhukuliswe.

amacwecwe lithospheric

Nwebu wementile kunye noqweqwe - a lithosfere. Imvelaphi amazwekazi neelwandle linxibelelene kakhulu kwithiyori amacwecwe, ezinako ukukulumkisela ukuhamba, hayi cast amanqina. Eqweqweni uba nobuninzi lwamathanda kokuba yokwaleka. Njengokuvuyelela kwabo ekwabeni kwabo lithosfere entsimini enkulu, ukuba ubukhulu ka 60-100 km.

Amalunga amacwecwe ungqamane lwamawa yolwandle, badlula phakathi elwandle. Zibonakala ngathi kwemithi emikhulu. Umda ingaba ngohlobo iigilizi, acandacanda emazantsi olwandle. Iintanda ezikhoyo kwisiza amazwekazi, idlule iintaba (malayas phambene et al.). Sinokuthi oku iziva ezonakeleyo umzimba Umhlaba. Kukho iintanda ezimanzi kakhulu, ziquka zicandwe eMpuma Afrika.

iibhloko Found omkhulu 7 kunye amashumi nokuba iindawo ezincinane. Imali ezisisiseko ukubambelela amacwecwe iilwandle kunye amazwekazi.

plates Movement lithospheric

Phantsi slab yi ngokwaneleyo okuthambileyo ductile yokwaleka, nto leyo yenza ukuba akhukuliswe. Mbono amazwekazi imvelaphi kunye neelwandle ithi ukuba iibhloko eziqhutywa imikhosi ezivela intshukumo kweziyobisi inxalenye engentla ingubo.

anamandla wawusalathiswa embindini Umhlaba, kuyasa lithosfere ezibangela. Ukuze ubone olu hlobo tyala kuba kumazwekazi, kodwa inkoliso yabo ibekwe kwindawo nasentshonalanga yoo-ulwandle ngaphantsi umaleko amanzi olwandle. Kweli nqanaba, qweqwe lomhlaba ukubhitya kakhulu. Ezi zizinto zikarhulumente otyhidiweyo bayavuswa ukusuka ezantsi imentile kunye iipleyiti wandingqiniba, ukwandisa ububanzi lithosfere. A edge slab bayacalulwa kumacala angafaniyo.

Eqweqweni ukuhambisa kude ikhephu phezu kolwandle ukuya bemvula. Isantya iintshukumo zabo 1-6 cm / ngonyaka. La manani afunyenwe ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso yesathelayithi ethathwe kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo. iipleyiti ezayameneyo phambili kunye okanye diverge. intshukumo yabo kule nwebu wementile kufana ice floes phezu kwamanzi.

Xa iipleyiti ezimbini ezihamba enye kwenye (yolwandle kwaye yelizwekazi), owokuqala ngokwenza begoba, eshiya owesibini. Isiphumo elinzulu emkhombeni, eziphantse, ezintabeni. Imizekelo: iziqithi Japan, Andes, i Kuril Trench.

Xa ingozi le amacwecwe kumazwekazi kwasekwa ngenxa ye ngokusonga imiphetho anda equlethe maleko ludaka. Ngoko kwakukho iintaba zeHimalaya kwisiphambuka amacwecwe Indo-Australia, eYurophu.

Kwemvelo amazwekazi

Kutheni imvelaphi esimi amazwekazi neelwandle ukufunda? Ngenxa yokuba ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kuyimfuneko kwimbono abanye ingcaciso ephathelele kwesi isayensi. Imfundiso amacwecwe lithospheric lubonisa ukuba umhlaba yokuqala ukuvela njengezwekazi enye, ezinye ngaphantsi komhlaba ilawulwa elwandle. Wabonakala nzulu iziphene uthinte kukhokelele inkululo yayo ibe kumazwekazi ezimbini. Kumntla ikhweyitha ibekwe Laurasia, nakwelasezantsi - ajenos.

kuvela Zonke iintanda ezitsha kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, baye zikhokelele ukwahlukana nale amazwekazi. Naziphi na amazwekazi ezikhoyo namhlanje, kunye neelwandle: Indian kunye Atlantic. Isiseko amazwekazi mihla lamathuba - udonga, yamandulo kakhulu kunye nemimandla nzile le uthinte. Ngamanye amazwi, amacwecwe, leyo kwasekwa kudala ngokwalo zejoloji.

Kwiindawo apho iinxalenye kolu qweqwe lomhlaba nayo, wajika entabeni. On amazwekazi ezahlukeneyo ukulanda iipleyiti contact eziliqela. indawo yazo umphezulu banda ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngokufanayo owasungula izwekazi yaseYurophu.

Ipredikshini of plate motion

Imfundiso amacwecwe lithospheric ibandakanya izibalo iintshukumo zabo elizayo. Ezi zibalo ziye zizazinzulu, icebisa ukuba:

• iilwandlekazi Indian kunye Atlantic ziya kwanda.
• I-Afrika iza lususwa ecaleni kumntla ikhweyitha.
• Pacific uya kuba ngaphantsi.
• ilizwekazi Australian ukoyisa i-ikhweyitha kwaye bazibandakanye eYurophu.

Ngokutsho uqikelelo iya kuzaliseka ngaphambi kwe-50 mln. Iminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziphumo kufuneka achaze. Imvelaphi amazwekazi neelwandle, kwakunye intshukumo yabo - inkqubo icotha gqitha.

In nakummango yee-yolwandle, ukuyilwa amacwecwe lithosfere entsha. Oku kubangela eqweqweni lothuli zohlukana kakuhle emathambekeni nandzu. Emva. Kwiminyaka eli-15 okanye engama-20 ezigidi, le yunithi ukufikelela nomsinga uye phantsi ingubo yakhe, zona zadalwa. Ukujikeleziswa of amacwecwe lithospheric kuwo luvalwe.

ibhanti uzamazama

Ufunda imvelaphi amazwekazi neelwandle, beBakala 7 kwizikolo zikarhulumente. Ulwazi ezingundoqo kuya kunceda abafundi ukuba baqonde ngemiba enzima ngakumbi ngalo mbandela. Amalungu phakathi Iizilebhu ye lithosfere zibizwa ngokuba imimandla wenyikima. Le ndawo ibonisa ngokucacileyo iinkqubo ezenzeka kwi kwamacwecwe kumda. I enkulu Uninzi mlilo iqhuma, iinyikima zomhlaba uvalelwe kule mimandla. Ngoku emhlabeni malunga 800 mlilo.

Imvelaphi amazwekazi neelwandle kufuneka akwazi ukuqikelela iintlekele zemvelo kwaye phendla i kwezimbiwa. Kukho ingcamango yokuba amanqaku iipleyiti zoqhagamshelwano ngenxa lokukhubeka daka kwi kwesikhoko kwasekwa ores ezahlukeneyo.