Imizekelo zoncwadi of nebuncoko zezicatshulwa yokuthetha. isimbo Ukuthetha: iitekisi ezimfutshane imizekelo

unxibelelwano sikweni xa udibana - inkcazelo uqhelekileyo isimbo ezisebenzayo. Imizekelo yezicatshulwa Indies ziqulathe ulwimi lomthonyama, kwaye ulwazi kuzo ondliwa kakhulu kwimiba zasekhaya.

Uxwebhu yomlomo indlela esetyenziswayo kwintetho yemihla ngemihla. Kungenxa yoko le nto umsebenzi idla kuphunyezwa iingxoxo.

Eli nqaku kunika inkcazelo efanelekileyo, ichaza iimpawu, kwaye axoxe nemizekelo nebuncoko zezicatshulwa yokuthetha.

iimpawu

Isimbo apho ngamnye kuthi ichaza iingcinga zethu, iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo, kwaye ndithethile. Lubonakala kukungabikho Ukukhetha ulimi. Oku kungenxa yokuba uninzi lwabantu 'bathi uze kuqala ucinga. "

Kwangaxeshanye, nebuncoko usoloko lineentsingiselo yesithethi ngamnye - yena uyavuma slang, kwiintetho, njalo njalo, kodwa njengenxalenye sisimbo elula ezinjalo, njenge ishishini okanye yenzululwazi.

Umzekelo nebuncoko zentetho, isicatshulwa esifutshane:

- Ngazama? - Ndikhangele ngokuthe ngqo ukuba lo sisi. - Utata wathi emnandi.
- Kakade ke, okumnandi, kanye ke esidla izolo zombini ezidleleni!
- Kodwa waba Hamster ke ayithethi kuthi behamba ngexesha lokugqibela - I yintsini.

It ahlala ombaxa ezingasebenzi naphi kunokuba dialogue eziqhelekileyo.

Qaphela ukuba i nebuncoko ingcole iphenjelelwa yimiba extralinguistic ukubaluleka ezinzima njengoko sobuso, izijekulo, kunye nokusingqongileyo, njalo-njalo ..

Iimpawu nebuncoko:

• zibe lula;
• ezicacileyo;
• imvakalelo Ukwanda, ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu, athi;
• imifanekiso.

Imizekelo nebuncoko zeetekisi intetho zingafumaneka ngokubhala nje kwincoko yemihla ngemihla, umzekelo, phakathi kubamelwane okanye umthengi kunye kumthengisi kwivenkile ebhaka izonka.

Impembelelo umoya elula yababini

Umoya ekhululekile, kokukhona inkululeko yokuthetha. Yena uba ngokweemvakalelo, enye yezibninzi ezisetyenziswayo amabinzana Indies.

Ingaqhelekanga le isimbo - kwaye lula iifom ilizwi, ukungabi izikhamiso, kabini lamagama, kunye nokusetyenziswa isimamva wovandlakanyo ayinyani - iimpawu ezimbini zokuqala ngokukodwa mandundu yokunyusa izinga zentetho.

A. P. Chehov, "Ngaba ukuziphindezela"

Well ibonisa phawu le nendlela Anton Pavlovich Chehov ngo "ukuziphindezela 'yakhe - umzekelo ocacileyo we nebuncoko zentetho. omnye umbhalo Small unezinto ezininzi ngalo mbandela.

endabeni liqalisa ukuthetha ekpressivnogo: "! Vula umtyholi" Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho esinye style akavumeli inhlamba. isivakalisi esilandelayo ayikho ngaphantsi ukwambula: "Koda kube nini na mna ukuba lukhuni ngakumbi kule nge-umoya?" Its ngendlela ezixhuzuxhuzulayo zokwakha transfer iinkcukacha elula nabalulamileyo. Nguwo lowo nebuncoko zentetho. Imizekelo yezicatshulwa kwiincwadi akulambathi baba kuqale nge "ukuziphindezela" yaseChekhov.

Features nebuncoko

"Ngaba ukuziphindezela" kwaye ibonisa iimpawu olusetyenzi-:

• umbuzo oluthandwayo isikhuzo izivakalisi phambi kwembaliso;
• ukusetyenziswa kwe Izihlomelo sendawo;
• kwezimelabizo kunye nezenzi bancipha ukwenza umntu wokuqala okanye wesibini.

Ileta A. S. Pushkina nomfazi wakhe

Le ncwadi eyabhalwa August 3, 1834 Alexander emfazini wakhe, uNatalia - ikokubhaliweyo style encinane kakhulu kwincoko intetho (imizekelo zahlulwe iziphakamiso ingqalelo ngokweenkcukacha ngaphezulu).

Imbongi odumileyo iqala ngayo ngala mazwi: ". Ihlazo phezu kwakho, umfazi omncinane" Le isibheno - ecacileyo isigama Indies esetyenziswa ngayo izinto zemihla ngemihla. Iingcebiso: "Ngubani ofuna ukuba urhuqe ibe yidolophu kwisiphaluka zaziligezela ukubona olisikizi abadlali abadlala zaziligezela opera endala kubi?" yaye, "Mna wandibongo ukuba ungaqhubi kwi ukulungela ukusebenza, ewe, kucacile, nawe enemo onjalo" - iqulethe zonke iziqalelo nebuncoko zentetho, ezifana:

• uqikelela izimamva derivational (town);
• indlela inversion komyalelo ilizwi kwizivakalisi;
• ukusetyenziswa isininzi ilizwi, nto leyo eneneni phezu nemithetho yolwimi Russian ngayo aliqulathanga (ukulungela ukusebenza - ukulungela on);
• ezininzi izenzi isetyenziswa kwixesha langoku.

indlela lungelelanisa

nebuncoko intetho (imizekelo iitekisi ezimfutshane sicaciswa ekuhambeni senqaku) usebenzisa le ndlela lungelelanisa zilandelayo:

• amaqhalo;
• isimamva isinciphiso;
• isigama Umbala ekhululekile kunye nezomoya;
• gama-ucutheko akhronimi;
• isimamva wovavanyo ayinyani.

Uyilo Standard kanye iimilo mazitayitshwe

Kubomi bemihla ngemihla esilawulwa intetho zidityaniswe, engalungiswanga - abantu olusetyenzisiweyo ukulicacisa, ayengawenzi ngeendlela ilizwi, kwaye ngaphandle ecinga kuzo. Ngenxa yokuba ngamanye amaxesha, nkqu ngokufuthi, uyakwazi ukuva ukwakha umgangatho, iingcinga ezithile iimeko ngamnye ezithile ngemihla. Xa siqwalasela okubhaliweyo indlela emfutshane kwincoko zentetho, imizekelo ivenkile iza kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ". Engamakhulu amathathu grams Cookie ... Cinga nge ezilishumi Nceda undinike iphakheji leoli". Izithuthi zikawonke-wonke, "Wena baphume kwinqanaba elilandelayo bayeke kum ivele, apho ndiya iitrektara baya ???"

Iifom yokuziphatha ukuba iyabophelela. Ngapha koko, ukuba okungalungiselelwanga kwaye ngaphantsi okusemthethweni, oko akuthethi akuthethi ukuba krwada kwaye ukudelela kakhulu.

"Molo, molo, njani na, yintoni entsha," - apha isakhiwo lusekiwe, ezo bangalahlekelwa ngokufaneleka kwabo kwiincoko. Umzekelo nebuncoko intetho - ingxoxo itekisi encinane nje wadibana amaqabane - ngo-99% yamatyala ziya kuba la mazwi.

ubuntu

Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, spontaneity, njengoko kuchaziwe kumhlathi ongaphambili, kuthatha ubuntu kunye nentsusa. Ngoko ke, nkqu iimilo ukungaphangalali kwaye ayile ezininzi, yaye amaxesha ahlukeneyo, okanye ukuba udumile kwezinye izangqa, okanye, phezu koko, uphume kuyo, wenza lixesha, ngoko ke, maxa wambi ukubuya. Ke umoya sesikweni yonxibelelwano akambeki imida olusesikweni - abantu ukusebenzisa okanye ukusebenzisa amazwi aqhelekileyo ze-kusekwa kakuhle azikhethele yona. iindlela Untyped ikona idlulisela umlinganiswa ntetho yesithethi.

"Dragon Kronike"

Yuliya Galanina ngo "Dragon Kronike" yayo kukho umoya ekhethekileyo, kuba lisetyenziswa nje kuphela yababini, kodwa yonke le ncwadi, nebuncoko. Nantsi imizekelo iitekisi ezimfutshane:

"Kwaye ndisoloko Ndingathanda ngaphezu kwakhe nabani na. Ngaphandle kwam akukho isidenge omnye uthango hayi sicaca."
"Ke igongqongqo -.! Into eyingozi kwaye iyingozi, kwaye ezinezothe, kwaye ngeliphandle lokuzingca, nkqu inamba"

izandi zamazwi

Xa iindlela nezenkolo, ezisetyenziswa kwinqanaba phonetic lulwimi a nebuncoko, kuquka iimpawu ezimbini eziphambili:

• Lula, ukusikwa, ucinezelo, ie uhlobo engaphelelanga ezinekhono. Lo mhlaba mandatory, esenokuba nebuncoko zentetho. wokubhaliweyo (Grade 5, ngasendleleni, kwezinye iingingqi, ukufunda incwadi at school programme) - "Harry Potter kunye ngasetyeni Philosopher kaThixo," "Harry Potter kunye Chamber of Weemfihlelo 'kunye nabanye manqaku. Faka lomthonyama ndilithethile umlinganiswa Hagrid. Caphula ukusuka 'mbanjwa Azkaban ... "" Isekwanguye into yokuqala kusasa ... ngoku ibhatyi akakwazi, uthi yena, usengozini ukuba ... kakuhle, kwakhona oku kuyenzeka .. " Ngelishwa, abaguquleli baseRashiya abazange udlulisele lula zonke iifom zamagama, kumbhalo wantlandlolo kubonakala ngakumbi, kodwa kwesi sicatshulwa sele kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhanyise "uhlalutye", ngalo ukuthini, "utshilo."
• Imvakalozwi njenge yimfanelo siqu kuphela ukuba emotsialnalno naziphi na amabala, nkqu isakhiwo ukungaphangalali. Umzekelo nebuncoko intetho - isicatshulwa encinane webali "Ityala ezingenzeka of" Umbhali O. Henry: "Wena UMnu Phineas C. uGooch?" - Uthe ke undwendwe, kunye nethoni yelizwi lakhe nemvakalozwi nangoko elele-ukuhlolisisa, ekuvunyweni kugwetywa.

Isigama kunye phraseology

Ulwimi kuthetha enxulumene kwinqanaba lungelelanisa and phraseological:

• Le yipesenti intetho ilawulwa ngokucacileyo Lexicon cala eziphathekayo eziqhelekileyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba mezhstilevaya. Yeyona sisiseko ulwimi. Lexicon cala ithi Enyanisweni, ngoko ke akanaye ukupeyinta zomphefumlo kwakunye / okanye novakalelo. Oku kwenza kube ukhetho oluphangaleleyo ukuze zisetyenziswe nayiphi isimbo: bobabini ukuthetha kwishishini, lwenzululwazi, journalistic. Imizekelo yezicatshulwa Indies intetho banendlela cala (enyanisweni, ulwimi umbhali ngayo iitekisi zoncwadi, ngaphandle, mhlawumbi, amabali kunye ezifanayo uhlobo yayo becala iqulethe kuphela amagama mezhstilevaya) - ukuba "Chameleon" Antona Pavlovicha chehova kunye "Teddy "kaYuri Pavlovich Kazakov.
• Lexicon cala Indies. Oku kuquka amagama afana "ugqirha lady", "athole" kunye nabanye.
• Lwesigama: i nokuhlelwa yenzululwazi kwezentlalo nezopolitiko jikelele.
• Ngokweemvakalelo-kuqikelelwa Lexicon Indies. Inokuba ukuthwala negative okanye uvavanyo positive. Onke amagama avela kulo bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu, apho: 1) Uvavanyo iqukiwe kanye intsingiselo yegama; 2) Xa ngokomfanekiso; 3) la magama ziquka izimamva yovavanyo ayinyani. Le Lexicon kwakhona walithiywa efanelekileyo "oludlulisa".
• ngeendlela ezikumgangatho lokomfuziselo. Bathi ke izafobe, izaci, ubaxo kunye litotes. "Siya kusela umane ekubeni isitya" (M. Yu.Lermontov). Esi sikweko yobugcisa, ethetha umbala efanayo zonke iilwimi efanayo. Umzekelo nebuncoko zentetho, itekisi-incoko: "- Ngaba - ke yena, njengesiqhelo, uthi, batyhobozele - Kuba nabani na ongomnye, bendiya kuba unexhala, njengoko oku iphula ngokwenene - waza UHeather njengeempungutye Nawuphi ukukopela!!?. ! "
• Eliphezulu kunye nejagoni. Kubangel 'umdla ukwazi ukuba zonke ifunwa sicatshulwa uthetha okunene ngokufuthi iqulethe ezininzi izixhobo zikhankanywe apha: oko akubonisi isakhiwo enye kuphela. Ngoko, ingxoxo ngasentla ngaphandle izikweko "ngobuqhokolo njenge impungutye" kwakhona igama slang "bakopele".

morphology

• Nominative kwenzeka kaninzi ngaphezu kwabanye.
• Kugcwele kwezimelabizo kunye zokwalatha kunye nezihlomelo kunye amasuntswana.
• UMthendeleko isetyenziswa kunqabile, gerund - phantse naphakade.
• Imida iifom yethutyana imfiliba. Oku kuthetha ukuba bakhululekile ukuba ukutshintsha kwaye asisebenzisi kwintsingiselo yalo.
• Kukho iindidi zesigama ngomlomo.

Umzekelo nebuncoko - ezincinane text-incoko yababini okubonisa ukuba ezibalulekileyo morphological kwinqanaba ulwimi isihloko:

- Umnkile umva - waphakamisa uPetros.
- Ziphi - apho? - I kuye.
- Kaloku, kukho ivenkile. Products. Umama wacela ukuba sinayo - ngoko bagqiba ukubaleka ungxamile.
- Nantso wokuphalisa wabaleka wemka -. Ngasekunene nangasekhohlo "

syntax

• Xa nebuncoko izivakalisi ezilula asetyenziswa rhoqo ngaphezu slozhnosochinennye okanye Compound. ukwakhiwa kwazo iphawulwa uhlobo 'nokuzidibanisa ndawonye "omnye, lo concreteness ulwazi ngesondo.
• Kudla kukho izivakalisi aziphelelanga, ingakumbi, abanalo amagama inqununu.
• Ubume bale non-linear, maxa wambi zineengxaki. Uphazamiseko imvakalozwi kunye namabinzana, sakhiwe on the go - neziphumo zentetho ezizenzekelayo. nebuncoko lula uvuma ukusetyenziswa esebenzayo izakhiwo kokuxhuma, ochazwa amazwi okuqala kunye nazo zonke iintlobo ngamasuntswana.
• amabinzana Mezhdometnyh njengendlela kukuvakalisa iingcamango zakho ngendlela nebuncoko.
• Free ulandelelwano lwamagama - kunye ebalulekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo ichazwe kwindawo yokuqala (nangona kungekho nto).

ulwimi loncwadi kunye oluthethwayo

Ukuthetha nangokubonakalisa yayo became le ngomlomo. Xa imisebenzi yobugcisa kufuneka asebenzise indlela ekhethekileyo ukulingiswa. Umbhali ngokwakhe ubhale intetho ekufutshane ndithethile, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi uwasebenzisa iincoko phakathi abalinganiswa. Ngenxa yoko, umlinganiswa ngamnye kuthatha phezu kwabanye.

Small umbhalo nebuncoko intetho (imizekelo "Intliziyo Dog" yi Bulgakov): "iflethi bawdy Kodwa njani kakuhle Yaye oko Yingxaki enjali le ke kwakufuneka ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ubomi kukushiya Apha lukhuni Kutheni, yena kuphela nje ngokuqhwanyaza kweliso, ukuba kunjalo ofana ..?. inja obzavolsya ukuba ndiphume umphefumlo. "

Thina ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo nebuncoko zentetho, imizekelo kwisicatshulwa. BeBakala 5 ibandakanya isifundo iindlela ngeendlela ezisebenzayo zentetho, kodwa uthethe - oku indlela oko kwenzeka rhoqo, yonke imihla, yaye kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, kunye nokusingqongileyo (ingakumbi kuyo).

Ukuze ukubonisa nebuncoko zentetho, imizekelo nelizwi uncwadi sele inikwe ngentla. Ezilinganayo ukubeka kwaye nje kubonisa izindululo nabo.

newspaperese

Apho umntu angakwenzela isicelo nebuncoko zentetho? Imizekelo yezicatshulwa kumaphephandaba - lo mbuzo impikiswano kakhulu ngakumbi. Kucholacholo lweendaba, kwaye ngokwenene kukho iimpawu yinqobo kuye. Amaphephandaba uthotho "kufutshane ebantwini 'yaye sigqunywa ngokupheleleyo kunye namabinzana beyenza ukusuka kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukanti indlela kuphela iphephandaba kunganzima ukuba kuthiwe buncokola ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba sicinga nebuncoko zentetho, itekisi emfutshane imizekelo badla avela imisebenzi yobugcisa.