Imithombo yenkqubo ulamlo. Imithombo yomthetho ulamlo

Imithombo yenkqubo ulamlo - luhlobo yokubonakalisa umthetho langaphandle. Ekubeni Russian Federation bobabo yamaRoma-germankoy usapho yomthetho, ngokulandelelana, kunye nemithombo ithandwayo imigaqo.

Iintlobo iintlobo zokuvakalisa

Imithombo yomthetho ulamlo zahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini:

1. Imithetho.
2. imithetho ezincane.

Ukongeza, Inqaku 3 Arbitrazh Procedure Code uchaza njengomthombo kuphela iikhonsepthi ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla, kodwa libhekisela kwabo siseko karhulumente, imithetho-siseko federal, kwakunye nenani yezizwe ngezizwe.

Yimeko eyimfuneko kuyo yonke imithombo yenkqubo ulamlo - yelo ndawo msebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, kuphela ezo yezizwe ngezizwe, iindibano kunye nezenzo, elawula kwindawo echazwe uya kwaziwa ukuba uhlobo imithetho yokuthetha.

Kakhulu nzima kuyilo kunye kwamanyathelo inkqubo kulamlo. Iinkqubo le hlobo kulawulwa kuphela ngumthetho federal. Imimandla babe uluhlu encinane amagunya kunye nemiba esinokufumana ngokusebenzisa kunikezelo amaxwebhu afanelekileyo.

Iimpawu yenkqubo ulamlo njengesebe yomthetho, kubandakanywa nemigaqo yeenkqubo becala ilala into yokuba lo msebenzi kulawulwa kuphela yi-mthetho. izibonelo ezeejaji, amasiko, kwakunye nezinye iintlobo amalungelo yokuthetha ukuba kukungahlonitshwa kulamlo.

Iintlobo ezithile lwemithombo

Isahluko VII loMgaqo-siseko Russian Federation iseka amalungiselelo jikelele elawula umsebenzi yonke inkqubo yenkundla, ingakumbi, inkqubo kulamlo lokugqibela. Concept, iindidi, kunye nezinye izihloko ezisisiseko kuMthetho Basic akafumaneki, kodwa sinako Yikhani izigqibo ezisekelwe kulwazi olukhoyo. Umzekelo, kweli candelo umisela imigaqo jikelele nokusebenza kweenkundla. Kuthelekiswa kutshanje siseko ubugcisa ngentsimbi nelokungasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo practice.

A indima ekhethekileyo udlalwa Ekulawuleni ulamlo kwe Supreme Court yoLamlo Elawulayo. amaxwebhu asemthethweni ekhutshwe umzimba, aba imithombo komthetho, yaye musa ayiqulathanga naluphi na umthetho okhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, indima yemimiselo kukucacisa kwimicimbi.

Indima uMthetho Federal kunye noMthetho Federal Constitutional

Imithombo inkqubo yolamlo ziquka imithetho yase kanye yase-siseko kwinkqubo yabo. Ezinye zazo sizinikele ngokukodwa ukuphunyezwa lobulungisa, abanye ngokungangqalanga kuphela enxulumene kolu hlobo lomsebenzi. Xa kunjalo, ngamnye kubo kumthombo yomthetho. Phakathi uhlobo, awona abalulekileyo:

• Federal Umthetho-siseko "Kwi yezeeJaji System" yaye "On iinkundla kulamlo i-Russian Federation."

Ixabiso le NAP yokuqala kukuba yakha isiseko apho ukuba siyimise yonke inkqubo yenkundla ngokubanzi. Inkqubo yesibini umisela ngqo isixhobo inkqubo yolamlo: ulawulo, negunya, iinqanawa ukwakheka njalo njalo.

• YoLamlo Procedure Code of the Russian Federation.

Imithombo yomthetho ulamlo ziquka Arbitrazh Procedure Code. Esi senzo esemthethweni iqulethe inani lwemithetho yenkqubo, ezo isicelo ngqo kwinkqubo kulamlo lokugqibela.

• Umthetho "Ngomhla Isimo yaBagwebi".

Oku kuthetha inkqubo yenkundla liphela Russia nokuba baxhasa eliphi kwinkundla ethile. Lo mthetho umisela amalungelo asemthethweni kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba abantu abagunyazisiweyo ukuba enze isigwebo.

Khodi yolamlo

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, inkqubo yolamlo njengesebe umthetho isekelwe nje kuphela imithetho federal, kodwa codes banayo ubume izinto ezisemthethweni ikhankanywe apha ngentla. Ubuninzi imithetho elawula inkqubo aqingqa ukuziPhatha kweeNkqubo arbitral, ezisembindini kwisicatshulwa i APC. Olu xwebhu esisiseko olumisiweyo, apho kukho isigama, imiqathango, iimeko ukwamkeleka okanye ukwaliwa kwesicelo, uluhlu lwabantu njalo-njalo.

Kule Uxhulumaniso nanku umbuzo: Kutheni angakhuli yonke imigaqo ngesenzo esisemthethweni owodwa kwaye nokwakha imisebenzi yeenkundla kulamlo lokugqibela ngokungqinelana nayo? Impendulo izicacele nelula. imithombo emininzi yenkqubo ulamlo kufuneka unobumba okhethekileyo. Bona zisetyenziswa yaye isetyenziswe ngokunxulumene udidi oluthile lamatyala. Ngoko ke, oko kwenza akukho ingqiqo ukulungisa izinga kwi Code, leyo ngokubanzi ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye kulawulwa kwisenzo esemthethweni eyahlukileyo.

komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe

Full kukho iintlobo ezininzi ngemithombo inkqubo ulamlo. itheyibhile yokubeka amandla zabo zomthetho zibonisa ukuba imimiselo unesimilo ngamazwe vuphukuphuku kolu luhlu.

Icandelo 4 weSiqendu 15 loMgaqo-siseko uthi ukuba izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezivumelwano, izenzo, iindibano, kunye namanye amaxwebhu ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yezomthetho karhulumente. Ezi meko ke azibandakanyi nje kuphela nemigaqo eyamkelweyo jikelele, kodwa umthetho substantive and procedural.

Umzekelo iphawulekayo yale meko isivumelwano lolawulo ukulungisa iingxabano ezithe zavela ngenxa yokuba uqoqosho. Inani ebalulekileyo sele zendibano ibhangisa imfuneko semthethweni kummandla a amaxwebhu asemthethweni wamanye amazwe. Ixabiso inkqubo ulamlo ukuze enkulu nkqu umthombo iEuropean Convention on Human Rights. Oko kukuthi, Inqaku lesi-6 ithi ukuba wonke ummi urhulumente unelungelo lokuba ityala lakhe lixoxwe ngokungenasheyi.

On practice kwezomthetho

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba igunya ummiselo unxulumano loluntu ilungu izithethe zomthetho, isiko yenkundla Russian ngokwamazinga angafaniyo kuchaphazela isigqibo kwiindidi ezithile iimbambano. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izazinzulu ezininzi, amagqwetha bathi inkqubo yomthetho kuzisa kwemithetho nje kuphela kodwa pravorealizuyuschee impembelelo.

Oku kubonakala kwizigqibo ze- International Court of Justice, kwaye izigqibo weeNkundla eziPhakamileyo, kunye nezigqibo oomantyi. Ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo izigqibo ezininzi zenkundla, nakumgwebi oya kukhupha isigwebo okanye isigqibo qho ngokulinganayo kunye nomthetho, sikhokelwa izigqibo ezikhutshwe ngaphambili enkundleni. Ngaphezu koko, kuqala inikwa kwabasemagunyeni, lungabemi phezulu leri umsebenzi, oko kukuthi uhlobo iphezulu okusesikweni.

Izizathu ukusebenzisa Zibe kwezomthetho

Kubonakala ukuba le Russian Federation uye wadala yonke imiqathango ngenxa imithombo yenkqubo ulamlo eyayikho kuphela imigaqo yolawulo kunye nemimiselo. Noko ke, isandulela osemthethweni liya kusetyenziswa kumsebenzi egwebayo ngenxa yobukho yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

1. izigqibo zokugqibela zibe nefuthe elingqale kule misebenzi amagunya okuwisa imithetho yolawulo. Kwaye ifuthe ayikho kuphela kwinqanaba federal kodwa kwinqanaba lommandla kwaye yasekuhlaleni. Ngenxa yoko, ijaji akwazi ukunceda alawule phezu ezenziwa ngamanye amaqumrhu karhulumente, nangona eneneni oku akuzukuba. Kungenxa yoko le nto kwemposiso iyapheliswa ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze wenze isisombululo yomthetho ukuba uyahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zomthetho ze-mthetho Russian, indlela elula ukuba basebenzise amava oogxa babo ukuba benze okufanayo.
2. Inkqubo yomthetho urhulumente ngxexesha entsha yophuhliso. Ngcembe ukwandisa imida kunye nenani ungquzulwano ongayi kuba isonjululwe kuphela ngolawulo lomthetho. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukudala isenzo esisodwa wabheka, nto leyo eye kuhlengahlengiswa yonke imiba yonxulumano eluntwini. Ngaphezu koko, ngalinye leyo zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela. Umzekelo, kumthetho wembambano, kukho zengqondo zoqoqosho yokuziphatha, phakathi ezimi ngaphandle njenge didi eyahlukileyo, kunye nezinye ubuhlobo kuphela.

wobugqwetha International

Imithombo zeengxoxo zamatyala okulamla amandla omthetho ziquka owawuza yezomthetho ikhona kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. abagwebi Russian hlalutya izigwebo ze-European Court of Human Rights njengomnye yobulungisa lubalaseleyo.

Ukongeza, i-European Convention, ekhusela amalungelo oluntu, simisela ukuba izisombululo yegunya ngasentla ziyabophelela kummandla Russian Federation. Ukuba ungummi uzigqibile iindlela domestic yokuzikhusela ubume babo zomthetho, ukuba unesizathu ukuba ndibhenele * kwiNkundla yaseYurophu.

Iziphumo zenkqubo izigqibo zobulungisa ngamazwe

Ukusebenzelana isicelo kwezigqibo zenkundla yaseYurophu ngamazwe okuvelisa iziphumo ezithile ziyabophelela kummandla Russian Federation. Ngokutsho Arbitrazh Procedure Code, ukuba iingxoxo kweli tyala kwiinkqubo kwiqumrhu ngamazwe yobulungisa, ukuba kummandla Russian Federation, zonke izenzo kweli tyala ziyakupheliswa.

Ukuba emva kokuba isigqibo lwaqaliswa kwinkqubo yezibheno, nto leyo yakhokelela nokophula kwezibonelelo Convention, le nyaniso isisiseko kuhlaziywe ii yesigwebo ezinikezelwa yi-European Court of Human Rights, ngokweemeko 'Ncwadi.

ulawulo Federal

Imithombo yenkqubo ulamlo imizekelo ayivathise websites ezisemthethweni kwiinkundla federal. Eyona nto ibaluleke ngokukodwa kwimisebenzi yenkqubo zeenkundla ulamlo inikwa ekufikeleleni isigqibo seNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko ye-Russian Federation.

Ngaphambili onke amandla ukusombulula iingxabano kummandla yobulungisa yoluntu babephuma Ephakamileyo kwiNkundla Arbitration, ngoku lo msebenzi sinxulumene kwisakhono yeNkundla Ephakamileyo. A isici esasenza kolu didi izisombululo kukuba kufuneka nje kuphela abantu amaqumrhu asemthethweni kwi kummandla eRashiya, kodwa ngenxa ummeli, esilawulayo kunye namaqumrhu zomthetho, kwakunye LSG.

Ingakumbi ngezigqibo kwinkundla yomgaqo-siseko

Le peculiarity yale didi izisombululo kuxhomekeke kukuba emva kokuba ukuvakaliswa kwayo kwangoko ungena force. Ngaphezu koko, zonke izigqibo zeNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko ayikwazi ukuba ubengabhenele, musa ifuna isiqinisekiso ngamanye amagosa okanye naliphi na amagunya karhulumente.

Ixabiso izigqibo iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko ukuba kuhlaziywe amalungiselelo athile kwi siseko kunefuthe elingqalileyo semthethweni lobulungisa, kuquka ukuphunyezwa zeengxoxo zamatyala okulamla. Zonke izigqibo ezenziwa yinkundla, ezisekelwe phezu ngeqondo iphononongwe yiNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko uya kuba phantsi ukurhoxiswa.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukwenza weNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko ubandakanya imigaqo ezininzi kungayanyaniswa umsebenzi inkqubo kulamlo lokugqibela. Amaninzi, kucelwa ukuba uthathele ingqalelo Aic, imimiselo leyo maxa wambi aziwa ngokuba azingqinelani noMgaqo-siseko we-Russian Federation. Kakhulu kutshanje, umthetho walungiswa ukuhlaziya amatyala ziinkundla okulamla kubungqina 'Ncwadi.

semthethweni

Yonke imithombo kwemimiselo yezomthetho yahlulwe amandla omthetho. UMgaqo-nkqubo Russian Federation ithathe uluhlu, umkhuba kwezomthetho yaye enza inani ngqo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, inkqubo yezomthetho eRashiya ephuhlisa ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye linika iindlela ezintsha neentlobo yokubonakalisa ulawulo lomthetho, kwakunye zokulawula. Ngaphezulu, uluhlu olubanzi unxibelelwano noluntu, kulawulwa ngumthetho ulamlo esoloko ukwandisa. Oku kungqinwa iimbono ezininzi yabaphengululi zomthetho, hayi kuphela kwinqanaba federal, kodwa kwakhona ifomati ngamazwe.