Laszlo Biro - umenzi ebuhlanti yosiba

Amaxesha amaninzi, wayila unikwa igama lombhali layo. Kukho iweb eninzi imizekelo: "Citroen" yaye "Porsche", yaye ivolovolo-esile, Biro kunye Parker. Kodwa ayeke! "Biro" ilizwi alikho Russian. Kodwa ke ku IsiNgesi. E-New Zealand, Australia kunye UK wabiza igama biro ngoku ixhaphakileyo yokubhala isixhobo - ngepeni. Kwaye Laszlo Biro wasungula kuyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kunika ibhayografi emfutshane umsunguli.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Laslo Yozef Biro wazalwa ngo-1899 e Budapest. uyise womntwana lowo, Matias, wayesebenza wamazinyo. Wonke umntu wacinga ukuba Laszlo iza kuhamba emkhondweni wakhe. Eneneni, emva kokuphumelela Biro wangena Faculty Medical. Kodwa kokuphumelela umfana waza wafumana.

Kangangethuba Laszlo waqhelisela ngomlingo, waza wathabatha umsebenzi kwinkampani wemveliso iimveliso petroleum. Emva koko wafudukela kwenye kraca omtsha, kodwa ethandwayo ngoko kwinqanaba - mdlalo. Kunye nomhlobo, nkqu Biro wasungula ukosuleleka ezenzekelayo. Kamva, igunya lokwenza fyabo iye yafumana inkampani American "Motors Jikelele", ngoko ke akukho namnye unako ukuze bona. Yaba uhlobo ingqalelo into yokuba lo mfana kwi kwentloko emagxeni!

imisebenzi journalistic

Kodwa Laszlo Biro waqhubeka ukukhangela baze ekugqibeleni waba intatheli kowabo. Ngelo xesha, Budapest yayigqalwa ikomkhulu yesibini ka-Austria-Hungary. Yena babandakanyeke kugqatso isihloko kunye isixeko esibalaseleyo ngobuhle eVienna kaThixo. Nangona ukhuphiswano lokuphumelela Baphela, kodwa Budapest ke wazuza kakhulu.

Ekugqibeleni ntoni? Budapest waba ubushushu yephondo ngakumbi e Vienna - ubungangamsha yasebukhosini futhi ukuqina. E Budapest kwakukho operetta e Vienna - opera. E Budapest yokudlela safika ukusebenza kunye nabantu. I-Vienna - ukutya ngembeko dessert.

Lungise amaphephandaba amaninzi kwidolophu Laszlo ezinikezelwa elimiweyo elikufutshane cafe. Apha abahleli se- inombolo entsha, kunye neentatheli ziye amanqaku ezibhaliweyo uxoxe ngezihloko yangoku. Kwaba kwi iintatheli cafe wenza i "Yibambe ngomsila" iindaba zakutshanje.

Ekuqaleni ekhokelwa iphephandaba Laszlo Biro "Hungary." Emva kokuvalwa kwalo - uhlelo Elôtte. Ngokwendalo, isixhobo yokusebenza engundoqo iqhawe eli nqaku ukumelana. Kunye neempawu zayo bahlala kude kakhulu ogqibeleleyo.

umtyali-mali

Ukukhokela iintatheli belo xesha kusetyenziswa Parker - capillary ezibayeni umthombo. Loo izixhobo zokubhala kuyabiza kakhulu abachubekileyo. Kodwa bobubi Parkers langoku; nokuba ke musa ushiye, azafunyanelwa ndawo ephepheni, okanye evuzayo.

E Laszlo I waye enomnakwabo, ogama Gyorgy, wafumana imfundo chemical. Wamxelela ukuba iqhawe eli nqaku ukuba Parker inki engamanzi kakhulu. Yiyo ke loo nto ukuba zenzeke. Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, i-inki yomile ephepheni ixesha elide. Ngokutsho Gyorgy, kulwelo ezimpilweni zibiza isingatha - i-inki.

Laszlo wathabatha icebiso izalamane, kodwa experiment ayiphumelelanga. I-inki lalingqingqwa kakhulu kwaye akukho avuze iphepha yi womxhuzulane. Biro ucinge wagqiba ukwenza master esiludumbo ephatha a capillary tube. Enye ekupheleni kwayo yavulwa, yaza i-inki akuthethi kumpompoza ngenxa ductility yayo. Kwelinye icala capillary iye enyusiweyo lokuloba njenge steel ball encinane. Ngexesha lentshukumo kwephepha kokuba zijikeleziswe baza bazithatha umaleko ipeyinti. Ngoko Laszlo Biro owavela yepen yokubhala. Kwaye ke kubhaliwe kakuhle!

Kwi khalenda ke ngo 1938. Laszlo Biro yosiba Pen wafumana lomenzi e Hungary. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, umqambi kwafuneka ukuba aye apho. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-nkqubo kulandelwa ngurhulumente zwilakhe ka Horthy. Oku "push" onke amaYuda emke kweli lizwe. Laszlo, kunye nentsapho yakhe bafudukela Paris. Nje kwikomkhulu French wathengisa ilayisenisi yakhe yokuqala imveliso peni. Eso yaba sisiqalo nje.

patent Argentina

Mhlawumbi kuya kubonakala kuyinqaba, kodwa imveliso yokuqala mass ezibayeni yosiba cheap yayiququzelelwe kushishino lweenqwelo yaseBritani. Xa omkhulu eliphezulu lisendaweni ayikwazanga ukubaxhaphaza ezibayeni umthombo. Kwaye usebenzise i-inki negalelo ukuba ngandlel 'umgqutsuba. Ngenxa yoko, imveliso ngobuninzi wenza yosiba lokubhala ubuncinane eninzi yokubhala isixhobo.

Laszlo Biro waba kancinane Paris. Emva ayehlasela lwamaNazi intsapho yakhe yonke bafudukela eArgentina. Ngehlobo lowe-1943 njengeqhawe kweli nqaku ifumene kweli lizwe igunya wokusungula. Kwaye ngoko László waseka-mveliso ekuveliseni Eterpen izibambo. Kulo nyaka Biro wathengisa iiyunithi 7 yezigidi imveliso yawo.

Kodwa le mpumelelo yorhwebo iye zasekuhlaleni. Xa abaqambi wagqiba ukungena kwimarike US, ndafunda ubukho apho zinamaqhina aso analogu. Into yokuba izama waseMelika ehambela Argentina. Waqonda amandla enkulu woqoqosho fyabo kunye, xa ebuyela ekhaya, ngoko nangoko amalungelo awodwa abenzi oko egameni lakhe. Kubonakala ukuba imarike US for Biro ezilahlekileyo ngonaphakade.

Marcel Bish and "Crystal 'yakhe

Kodwa yonke into yaba ngokwahlukileyo! Emva kokuba Second World Laszlo usiba ezandleni lo somashishini Marcel Bisha. Wagqiba ekubeni nenxaxheba ukuvelisa izixhobo zokubhala wakha mveliso kufuphi Paris. Ngowe-1950, Marcel ufumene lomenzi Laszlo Biro. Yosiba usiba asekunene ngcono Bisch.

Usomashishini wagqiba ukusebenzisa kusetyenziswa indlela processing metal Swiss. Akukho wenza njalo ngezinga eliphezulu okuchaneka, wehla waya hundredths le ndlela. Netoti iibhola ezintsha lacoleka 1 mm. Oku kuvumele ebuhlanti ukubhala aselula yaye musa ukundishiya smudges ephepheni.

Bish wada weza kunye igama fyabo, oluphuculiweyo - "Crystal". Ngowe-1950, France waqalisa ukuveliswa ubunzima iintlanti phantsi kwalo brand. kweminyaka esibhozo kamva, Marseille wayikhuselayo wokusungula ye US patent futhi wasungula BiC inkampani American. Le nkampani iye livelise cheap iintlanti yosiba ezilahlwayo ukusuka yeplastiki ukukhanya. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, baza bagxothwa emarikeni, uninzi isixhobo yokubhala. inkampani BiC kwaye nangoku inani enye imveliso kunye neentengiso ezibayeni ehlabathini lonke.

isiphelo

Ke Laszlo Biro, Argentina yaba ikhaya lakhe yesibini. Kumazwe iSpanish abathetha, wada waliguqula igama lakhe kwi-Hungarian uLadislav. E Buenos Aires, Biro waphila de kwasa ekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1985. A September 29 (umhla wokuzalwa Laszlo) waba iholide kazwelonke Argentina kaThixo - uSuku umsunguli.