Yeyiphi Umbutho Germany? Army Germany: inani, izixhobo, izixhobo

Combat amakhono imikhosi kumazwe ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo, kwaye rhoqo ukuba uzimele, kwaye eendaba libaliswa malunga karhulumente ongekhoyo yemicimbi. Umkhosi kakhulu iye eJamani, ogama umkhosi uphefumlela uloyiko. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zithi ngokwenene ayikho kamnandi njengoko kubonakala. Ngaba ngokwenene? Zama ukuqonda.

imikhosi komhlaba

Qaphela ukuba Bundeswehr ubunjwe isakhiwo yesebe-amathathu, oko kukuthi, ukususela kwi Army, Air Force and Navy. Njengoko amalungu ngamnye edityaniswe imikhosi ukuqinisekisa ukuba kwadalwa ngo-2000 kunye nenkonzo yokhathalelo lwempilo.

Masiqalise kunye Army. E eJamani, ziquka zethu zinesitafu esiqinisekisiweyo esingabantu abane iziseko zemizimba NATO zamazwe ngamazwe-ebizwa ngokuba 'ukutyalwa ngokukhawuleza ", amaqela ezintlanu zokusebenza kwikomkhulu kwezinye angaphathi yomkhosi (i-Greek, iSpanish, Turkish, Italian kunye French), amacandelo ezintlanu ngokwemfundo kwanancedisayo kwaye njengeyunithi:

• amabini amaqela itanki ;
• Esinenjini Division elihamba;
• ukwahlukana airmobile;
• Division Operations Special Forces.

Land umkhosi waseJamani kubonakala Kuhle kakhulu. Ukongeza, kunikwa le firepower xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka edlulileyo, kuvela ukuba isicima yangoku kokubala awawabala 5,000 umkhosi inamandla kakhulu kwaye exhobileyo ngakumbi kunanini na ngaphambili. Xa iimeko yokulwa mihla nendima ebalulekileyo ngayo udlala pin nomkhosi emfazweni, ngoko ke inani yoqhekeko uxhomekeke kakhulu kunene.

Ugxininiso kwi yokugcinwa

Army Germany, ngokutsho amaxwebhu angundoqo zokwakha German emkhosini, ikakhulu kugxininisa uxolo e mfelandawonye kunye nolawulo kwiimbambano zengingqi, iqondo aphantsi ngamandla. Oko kukuthi, kwimeko lwemo kulemfazwe yelizwe yokulwa ilungele ukulwa kuphela nommangaleli ngokucacileyo buthathaka phezu izakhono zokusebenza, ubuchule kunye nenkxaso.

Inani German Army liye lehla kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje - esithetha ngalo Army: ngoku abantu 84,450 (kubandakanywa nabo bafunda kwizikolo zomkhosi). Ukongezelela, ukususela ngo-2011 eJamani owakubhangisayo okunene inkonzo yesinyanzelo yasemkhosini, nto leyo ngoku ngemvumelwano ngokupheleleyo yaye sihlala ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya kwiinyanga 23.

imisebenzi zangoku kweli lizwe aphesheya

Ngokutsho ekuqaleni kuka-2015, umkhosi waseJamani yi imisebenzi ngoku emkhosini kwiindawo ezifana:

1. Afghanistan (900).
2. Uzbekistan (100).
3. Kosovo (763).
4. IMeditera (800).
5. Somalia (241).
6. Mali (144).
7. Lebanon (128).
8. Bosnia and Herzegovina (120).
9. Sudan (10).

Kuyo yonke le misebenzi ababandakanyekayo eJamani, ogama umkhosi ebandakanyekileyo ikakhulu xa sijamelene abaqeshwa abasisigxina okanye abasebenzi iiyunithi inkxaso. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba icandelo umkhosi yokulwa ayidluli-10% yabantu, kodwa ngokubanzi lizwe ngabom inxaxheba kwimisebenzi kwelinye ilizwe, ingakumbi xa kufuneka enze qha nomkhosi ukulwa, apho amajoni isiJamani ngokucacileyo buthathaka.

Le kwezikhali lamabutho komhlaba

imikhosi Ilizwe eli lizwe nezona zixhobo zilandelayo:

• 1095 kwamatanki ekulweni engundoqo;
• 644 gun zokudubula intsimi, mortars kunye neenkqubo ezininzi rocket yokuqalisa;
• 2563 vehicles iimoto yokulwa (abathwali abasebenzi vehicles, 736 kubo);
• 146 ntaka ukuhlasela.

Le izixhobo mkhosi isiwe waseJamani ephepheni, kodwa ngokwenyani imeko thile ezahlukeneyo. Iingcali qaphela ukuba isimo jikelele umkhosi karhulumente waseJamani ephepheni kwaye eneneni yahlukile, kwaye kuhle ukuba kwicala yelizwe. Kubonakala ukuba xa kuthe nomthetho wemitshato, Germany kwenzeke ukuba bachase amagunya ezinamandla izixhobo zale mihla ephucukileyo kunye nezixhobo.

"Leopard" - itanki engundoqo

Main Battle Tank Bundeswehr - yi "Leopard." Ekuqaleni kuka-2015 iinxalenye vehicles kweli lizwe zisekelwe nokusetyenziswa "Leopard-2" imodeli - ukuba abaxhobileyo ngamaqhekeza 685. Le iitanki ezishiyekileyo ( "Leopard 1") ngcembe ukuze afumane intsimbi, kwaye kwisiza - ukulungiselela iinjongo zemfundo. Kwaye ke imifuziselo yokuqala, Ngokwezibalo eli lizwe, kukho 173 kuphela, baya umhlala-phantsi ngowama-2017.

Ngokuphathelele iinguqulelo oomatshini "Leopard-2", iimfuno zelizwe esetyenziswayo elijongene "Leopard-2A3" (imveliso yabo kuqhutywa emva ngo-1984-1985) kunye "Leopard-2A4" (eveliswa ukususela 1985 ukuya 1987). Nakuba kunjalo, iimvavanyo intsimi kutshanje zibonise ukuba izixhobo umkhosi waseJamani luphawulwa amaqondo aphantsi amandla, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ngo-1991 yasetyenziswa inkqubo iitanki maxesha ebizwa ngokuba KWS II.

kwamatanki maxesha

Ukususela ngo-1995, zonke amatanki, leyo ziye zanyuswa, yaziwa ngokuba "Leopard-2A5". Zabo 2015 kukho malunga 470 ziingceba. Kwaye ezo iitanki ukuba inkqubo azikhange athengiswe kumazwe kwihlabathi wesithathu. Ukususela ngo-2001, 225 ziye zanyuswa iimoto ezininzi, ebe kakhulu mihla kwaye axhotyiswe kwaye zibizwa ngokuba "Leopard-2A6". imifuziselo amatsha baxhotyiswe ezinde isikrweqe ngakumbi nangakumbi zam-DRM.

German Panzer Army, ingakumbi, silungiswe itanki, kwatsala ingqalelo isixhobo esitsha Rhl 120 / L55 - kunye ifatyi elide, nto leyo eyandisa firepower kumatshini kwaye usinika uluhlu iimbumbulu esetyenzisiweyo. Uye zintsonkotha ngakumbi yaye mihla kwi-ebhodini elektroniki, apho inkqubo entsha ulawulo lolwazi. Itanki waqala ubunzima iitoni 62, kwaye ngokubanzi iinkcukacha zawo ngcono kakhulu.

Seventh Uguqulelo kancinane "Leopard"

Ngo-2010, i "Leopard" kuye kwaphuculwa kwakhona - ukuya ukuguqulwa wesixhenxe, ebizwa ngokuba "Leopard 2A7 + '. Waba iqonga ukubetha enzima ngokulwa kwiindawo ezisezidolophini. Phantsi utshintsho, ziya kuphuculwa ukhuselo yeyam, kuya kuba iimodyuli yokhuseleko eshukumayo of uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo izindlu kunye nenqaba ziya kufakwa screens latticework nxamnye RPGs, iingalo omncinci mayixhotyiswe imodyuli ungalawuleka kude. EJamani, ogama umkhosi kudala kusekelwe kwiteknoloji endala, wayecebe lokutshintshela ukuguqulwa wesixhenxe zomyalelo lamatanki 150, nangona ukuza kuthi ga kule njongo iye engekaphunyezwa. idatha echanekileyo indlela kusekuninzi koomatshini abaxhobileyo lizwe ilungiswe, hayi, kodwa kuwonke-wonke, ungafumana ulwazi malunga 70-96 kwiitanki. A ukuguqulwa wesixhenxe kangaka kude wayecebe ukuba kuphela ...

izithuthi ukukhanya vehicles

Njengenxalenye izithuthi ukukhanya vehicles kweli lizwe uye wema BMP "Marder", nto leyo ukuba angene inkonzo ngo-1961. Ngexesha iminyaka nokusebenza matshini zahlala zilolo hlobo zazilulo, yaye kuphela ngowe-1979 umzekelo yathotyelwa kwimeko yotshintsho, kangangokuba waqalisa ukuxhobisa launcher ATGM "Milan" kwicala lasekunene inqaba, koko wabonakala ukuguqulwa A2 no A3. Kukholelwa ukuba ungumzekelo "Marder 1A3," ngokutsho iqondo kwabasebenzi zokhuseleko akukho ngaphantsi itanki ezithandwayo kunye namandla "Leopard-1". Eminye ulungiso yemodeli khange, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1985 eJamani waqalisa ukuphumeza inkqubo yophuhliso BMP "Marder-2." Kodwa uphuhliso wathabatha elininzi ixesha, kwaye kwase wokuqala umatshini omtsha yaqaliswa ngoSeptemba 1991, kunye nokuvavanywa kwindawo zigqityiwe kuphela ngo-1998.

Army German ngowe-2014 zifakiwe kwi samalungu alo 1581, "Marder-1" zonke uguqulelo kancinane, kwaye kukho intetho malunga ukubuyisela lo matshini uza BMP "Puma", apho umsebenzi sele ugqityiwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kuqikelelwa ukuba yi ekuqaleni kuka-2016 ukuba kujongwe ukuba ongezelele bexhobile eli lizwe. Kodwa enyanisweni icace phandle ukuba logama nje kungekho iinguqulelo "Puma" kwi isixhobo German apho. Kubonakala ukuba le ndlela iphambili yokuqinisekisa ukuhamba elihamba kunye inshorensi neengcedevu zaso, - iimoto ezinamavili iindidi izithuthi vehicles. Amanani abonisa ukuba izithuthi vehicles ukukhanya empini lizwe ifanele ngokwenene ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi German yokulwa vehicles in inani iziphathi-1 135 vehicles abasebenzi, apho 779 kuphela alungele ukusetyenziswa mu lupwa, ngoxa "WIESEL" kufanelekile ngakumbi ukuba ukuthutha abasebenzi kunye intelligence.

zokudubula lwangoku

Le zokudubula kanye engayiwayo German lenze iinguqulelo ezininzi, kwaye into yokuqala Bamisa zokunciphisa ezinkulu-scale. Kanye eUnited States, eJamani, ogama umkhosi kufuneka izixhobo zale mihla kunye nobunzima kakhulu, oko waqala ukudala iinkqubo lwamva enobuchwepheshe izixhobo ukuze bakwazi umkhosi ukuba firepower enkulu nkqu ekunciphiseni inani amaqhekeza kwezixhobo. AmaJamani ceba umpu ekhethekileyo PzH2000, nto leyo yayisinceda abalibona egubungele ekujoliswe iqokobhe eqhelekileyo kumgama km 30. Kwakufa izithonga ezintathu 9.2 kuphela standard ekubeni-10, 8 kuqhume - imizuzwana 51,4 kwi-60 eqhelekileyo. Ezi mpawu ezikhethekileyo umpu ziquka oku kulandelayo:

1. Ingxelo ye izinga ngomlilo.
2. ukhuselo High kunye oluthembekileyo enqanaweni kunye zomkhosi izixhobo ngenxa kubhukishelwa inqaba zentsimbi kunye nomzimba self-ngokwaso.
3. Ebubanzini ngokupheleleyo yezixhobo - akuyongqinisekiso yokuba abasebenzi iya ngokukhuselekileyo bakhuselwe iingalo ezincinane ukuvuleka ukuya ku-14.5 mm, iingceba ezininzi amaqokobhe.
4. Ukusebenzisa lompu kunilungele ngqo kwi edabini.

ACS yeyona ilungileyo ehlabathini, ngoko siyifumene impendulo umbuzo malunga umkhosi eJamani, i inokuthenjwa nenamandla. Noko ke, loo izixhobo kweli lizwe ngaphantsi kancinane ngamaqhekeza 200.

Esinye isixhobo elinako ukuzihlawulela iSebe i umkhosi waseJamani - mortars self-ngokwaso: M113A1G PZM (120 mm) no-100 MLRS MLRS. Ezi zixhobo kufuneka ezi mpawu zilandelayo zobugcisa:

• uhla sokudubula - ukusuka km-2 ukuya km 40;
• sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi indawo ithamo elinye - ku 25,000 square metres. m;
• yafakwa iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo, kuquka ezisebenzisanayo.

Army Aviation Bundeswehr

German Isicwangciso Army Aviation iqulathe 38 ntaka ukuhlasela "uTiger", ukuhlasela ntaka 118 In-105, 93 ntaka yezothutho enzima CH-53G, 93 emininzi UH-1D, EU-39 77 135 kunye H.-90. eli lizwe Force Management Air inika ulawulo engundoqo kunye umyalelo zokusebenza kwi Cologne. umyalelo Operational kubandakanya amaqela umoya ezintathu, kodwa iiyunithi zabo noqeqesho kweli lizwe musa. Kabini baqeqeshwa eUnited States kwi neziseko zawo zobugcisa.

Ecwebezelayo amandla iphambili moya German ngokususela bangamajoni bomber "Typhoon" - kweli thuba isixhobo lizwe lamaqhosha ezimalunga ne-100. Njengoko yokothuka nga tirhisiwaka ekuhlaseleni "Isaqhwithi" (ukuba zisekelwe kwi-German iziqwenga 144) ye ukuguqulwa lokugqibela. Iingcali ukuqikelela ukuba aba matshini bayakwazi ukuba kweenkonzo kule minyaka 8-10 ezayo. Inani umkhosi waseJamani ebegqwese lifinyele, kwaye mkhuba uyabonakala ngokumalunga nezixhobo zalo. Ngoko, kwi Luftwaffe isixhobo kusekho endala bangamajoni ekuhlaseleni "phantom-2", "Isaqhwithi", nangona kufuneka icinyiwe kudala.

yezothutho lizwe umoya eziliqela A-319, A-340, kodwa ke iingcali zithi la mathuba akwanelanga ukuhlangabezana nemingeni ejongene nayo. Oko kukuthi, imali enikwe lwezixhobo alisilingene nkqu ukugaleleka omnye wabacimi emoyeni kunye nonikezelo lwayo ukuqinisekisa ubuncinane kwinyanga enye, ngokuxhomekeke Butha esebenzayo. kukho 18 neebhetri "ngokuthanda uhlanga 'emoyeni emhlabeni wokhuselo.

German lwaphela

umkhosi Russian (kunye Germany kakhulu) sele kudala ingqalelo ukuba abe namandla kakhulu, kodwa ke amaJamani ke kancane emhlabeni, ephethe bakhokele kuphela kumacandelo athile. Ngoko ke, i Navy Germany - eziphambili kakhulu ngokumalunga nezixhobo kunye eseleyo. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba akukho ajamelene neengxaki ezinkulu, kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo isixhobo ngokwaneleyo ukuze akhusele emideni, kunye noncedo emanyene. Ngelo xesha Bundesmarine uncedo ukuhlakanipha nokulawulwa kuLwandle lweBaltic.

Kwimeko enjalo ke ayimangalisi, kodwa eJamani - koshishino imikhumbi enamandla zihambile, leyo uvelisa phantse intle kwihlabathi kwezikhali yomkhosi wamanzi - ngwenya, osebenza amafutha emoto ayekwi kwindawo yokuqala. Le modeli bamatasa yathengwa India, Greece, Turkey, South Korea, Venezuela. Ngelo xesha Jamani fleet ngayo abambalwa kakhulu. Inani umkhosi waseJamani ngokwemiqathango azinakulawuleka - nto nje 4 PL 212 Uhlobo 13 frigates yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka endala wanamhla, wakha izikhephe ezimbini.

iifrigate Modern "Sachsen"

Njengokuba besesitshilo, ishishini imikhumbi kakhulu enamandla kweli lizwe. Kwaye oku kungqinwa, umzekelo, ukwakhiwa uhlobo olutsha lwe awahlali "Sachsen". Le projekthi ibandakanya ukwakhiwa abonakalisi, elijongeka noyilo liqonga ukuba izixhobo aselwandle. Ngoko ke, ngokuzenzekelayo, wabonakala eJamani kwixa elizayo. Ezi mpawu ezikhethekileyo obu bugcisa ziquka oku kulandelayo:

1. Inqanawa ifakwe jikelele umpu 127 mm, ntaka ezimbini, iperi iibhloko RIM-116 no-27 mm.
2. Izixhobo ziya kuxhaswa rhoqo RCC "Harpoon".
3. ulawulo kwezikhali awahlali iya inkqubo umyalelo nolawulo ezenzekelayo ezizodwa equka workstations zeekhompyutha 17, 11 kunye lomnqongo interface, imiboniso emibini ezinkulu ulwazi, unxibelelwano satellite console kwaye workstations ezimbini babulawa.

Eyona kwezikhali ephambili akwaziwa, kodwa sifuna ukukholelwa ukuba izixhobo iya kuba kakhulu kwaye ufanelwe ingqalelo. In Bundesmarine kwakhona kwatsala ingqalelo corvettes, izikhephe enomjukujelwa, minesweepers, kwaye kukho 8 anti-moya Aviation yomkhosi. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ukuba iteknoloji ecwangcisiweyo iya kuqaliswa eneneni, awahlali uya kuxhotyiswa iinkqubo eziza kukwazi ukulandelela ngokukhawuleza phambi kokuba iinjongo 1000.

Eyona ezinamandla isixhobo yomkhosi German

Kukholelwa ukuba eyiyo kakhulu ngokwemiqathango yokulwa lokulungela yomkhosi eJamani ziyingxenye umkhosi ngokubambisana impendulo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu NATO. Lentlanganiso Bundeswehr Umyalelo eyayibanjelwe ngowama-2014 ukuze kuxoxwe imeko yangoku isiseko eziphathekayo kunye nobugcisa-mkhosi. Register of the zixhobo zinamandla yayisekelwe izixhobo zomkhosi. reference ethile yenziwa iimoto vehicles, ntaka, izithuthi zokulwa nomkhosi nabakhi nabasebenzi vehicles. Kulo mzekelo, kwintlanganiso kwaye kwaqatshelwa ukuba phantse zonke isixhobo iphelelwe lixesha esibi udinga ukulungiswa, kwaye maxa wambi ubhale off. Emva kwentlanganiso, kwacaca ukuba Bundeswehr okwangoku akakwazi ukusombulula krupnomashtabnyh ingxaki kwintsimi emkhosini. State of the Umbutho lokuba wabacimi eyahlukileyo umkhosi waseJamani ukuze isetyenziswe ukunceda amanye amazwe, kwaye emva koko apho ungquzulwano umkhosi ayikho amandla aphezulu.

Ukususela handguns zokuzenzela umkhosi waseJamani ume ngaphandle, kuquka sompu, imipu umatshini, pistols, iinkqubo enomjukujelwa protivotaknvyoe, iziqhushumbisi.

Isihloko Wezomkhosi German

Zimpawu German Army zixhomekeke phakathi kwabo kweli lizwe ezintathu - amagosa, amagosa non-wayethunywe kunye zangasese.

Phakathi kwamagosa zahlulwe iinjengele, abaphezulu namagosa junior.

Amagosa Non-wamthuma zahlulwe amagosa non-athunywe kunye umtya igxalaba okanye ngaphandle ibhanti ikrele.

Yonke umahluko olubonakalayo lapels efanayo, iminqwazi kunye enemikhono, ezenziwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo - ngokungqinelana kunye nesihloko. Ukongeza, ezizibeni zamagxa zahluke kakhulu kwezo zisetyenziswa ngexesha Second World War.

Amafoto Army eJamani abonisa ukuba phambi kwethu izixhobo amandla mihla. Kwakhona iingcali zithi ngezikhali eli lizwe awanazo ezona amaxesha. Kodwa ukuba kukho imfuneko, Germany uya kukwazi ukuba ihlanganise futhi ukumelana notshaba, nangona nje lula njengoko kufuneka, enyanisweni.

Ekupheleni kweli nqaku, amagama ambalwa malunga United Forces ntle kunye zempilo iinkonzo. Eyokuqala yonganyelwe kumhloli liSekela uMhloli Jikelele Bundeswehr, nomsebenzi wayo - ulawulo, ulondolozo kunye noqeqesho wamajoni. Phantsi umhloli arhente iinkonzo zempilo 23 000 abantu.