Imidlalo Olimpiki Summer. Modern Imidlalo Olympic - ezemidlalo

Kut- i Summer Olympic Games kwenzeka ngo-1896. Ngeli xesha, uluhlu iquka amagama afana imidlalo Olimpiki njengoko imithambo, ikarati, ezemidlalo yamanzi, ngokukhwel, ngeenxa zonke, intenetya, iqela imidlalo. Xa iyonke, ezintlwini Summer Olimpiki kuquka malunga nama-40 iintlobo ezemidlalo, kodwa isigqibo ekugqibeleni-12 kuwo ngaphandle yeKomiti Olimpiki International. Ngaloo ndlela, kuyenzeka ukuba bavakalise inombolo 28 - nantso indlela ihlobo lezemidlalo Olimpiki phezu kuluhlu olusekenene ngoku.

Badminton

Oku mhlawumbi ngomnye yezemidlalo ethandwa. azalelwa kuyo - South-East Asia. Le Badminton Olimpiki ehlotyeni yokuqala iqukiwe kuluhlu ngo-1972. ngomdlalo Imiboniso kwenzeka eMunich. Ngokusesikweni, lo mdlalo bangena inkqubo Olimpiki emva kweminyaka engama-20 e-Barcelona. Ukususela ngo-1996, lo mdlalo 5 Iiseti amabhaso: siqu guys inkunzi kunye neendidi nemazi, kwakunye kabini mixed. Ibalula - 36 nxaxheba isibini - 32 yaye exutyiweyo - 16. I ophumeleleyo ngulowo kuqala ukucofa amanqaku 30 (xa inqaku 29:29) okanye 22 (kwi amanqaku 20:20). ifana nje imidlalo 3, lowo uphumeleleyo kumelezeke 2.

basketball

Imidlalo Summer Olympics ziquka abantu (1936) abasetyhini okufumana (1976) yomnyazi. Ukwanda ingqalelo le tumente yomnyazi-Olimpiki, kwaye kwaqatshelwa ukuba nxaxheba ngentsimbi ukuvumela abadlali NBA. Itumente Olimpiki ababandakanyekayo amaqela 12, yahlulwe kumaqela-2. Kwikota-finals phandle amaqela 4 kuphele inkqubo nokufa.

baseball

Lo mdlalo iqela yokuqala ukuvela ngenkulungwane ye-19 ekuqaleni eUnited States, kodwa ehlotyeni yokuqala Olympics balifaka kuluhlu lwabo ngowe-1992 kuphela. Injongo yale amaqela (kukho ezimbini) yiseti lamanqaku. Umdlalo isebenzisa ibhola kunye bat. Omnye umdlali uyiphosa ibhola, kwaye yesibini ibetha zakhe. Ukuba qhuqha uyakwazi ukuqhuba ngeenxa zonke iziseko ibekwe iimbombo yasendle, iqela elibekwe off point.

Boxing

Xa uluhlu kwezemidlalo Olimpiki ngo-1904 ziquka wamanqindi zabantu, yaye ngowe-2012 zanikwa Luzuko nemazi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le iimbasa edlalwa phakathi manqindi ngokweendidi ubunzima 11. Kuba ixesha kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki elona nani likhulu neembasa ezifunyenweyo manqindi ezivela eUnited States (48), Cuba (32) kunye Russia (20).

ukulwa

wrestling Greco-Roman wongeza zemidlalo Olympic Games ukususela imvuselelo yabo 1896, kwaba engekho kuluhlu kuphela ngo-1900. Ezi ukhuphiswano kuqhutywa kuphela phakathi kwabantu. Iimbaleki zisasazwa zibe ziindidi ezisixhenxe ubunzima. A feature of ekulweni umlomo emnandi ngaphantsi bhanti, undercuts namanyathelo. Zonke isenzo kwenzeka nokusetyenziswa iingalo kunye umntla. Ekubeni Olympics 1904 ehlotyeni iquka ekulweni freestyle, elathi nokukhubeka, ngokuhuka kunye neminye imisitho. Ukususela ngo-2004, ezi ukhuphiswano bathatha inxaxheba kunye nabasetyhini. Nje abambene freestyle ukuvelisa 11 Iiseti neembasa: 4 iindidi ubunzima kwabasetyhini kunye 7 - abantu.

okujikeleza

Cycling Sports Summer Olympics - nomzila weebhayisekile, veloshosse, lweBMX nebhayisekile intaba. Cycling track kwahlanganiswa kuqala kule nkqubo ngo-1896, yaye wabonakala okwesibini kuphela ngo-1912 kukhuphiswano Women zaye zabanjwa okokuqala ngo-1988. Cycle track iquka ukufuna ngamnye, lokubaleka, Madison kunye amanqaku nobuhlanga.

• Olimpiki Sprint - 3 amaqela umntu inxaxheba imigama eziimitha 750, apho iwotshi kuphela iimitha 200 wokugqibela.
• Ukufuna - Umgama Okwamadoda - 4 km, abafazi - 3 km.
• uveza uhlanga - umgama Okwamadoda - 40 km, abafazi - km 25.
• Madison - iqela kuphela eyindoda (abantu 2) ukhuphiswano km 60.
• Keirin - Race 5 ½ bekramncela m 250.

Veloshosse - iqela amabhinqa (120 km) okanye oyindoda (239 km) ngokobuhlanga, oqalisa esinobunzima ekuqaleni. amalungu Iqela banelungelo ukunceda ngamnye ngokubhekiselele ukulungiswa. Kugqatso ngamnye, i okhuphisana ukuqala kwesithuba imizuzwana 90 kwaye ayikwazi ukunceda abanye abadlali. LweBMX wafakwa yokuqala kuluhlu 2008 Olimpiki Games nyaka. Nxaxheba esebenzisa Bikes inokusityeda, enqumlayo kule ndawo, nto leyo ligutyungelwe kwetyholo.

uMbala-manzi

polo amanzi Okwamadoda yenye lezemidlalo esisigxina. Ngenxa yoko, ukhuphiswano zokuqala zaye zabanjwa nokuba kwi-Olimpiki ukususela 1900, kodwa amaqela wabafazi wazibandakanya kuphela ukusukela ngo-2000.

Xa umdlalo ababini amaqela umntu anesixhenxe ukuthatha inxaxheba (kunye waseZambia), kwaye phezu kwesitulo yi abadlali ezintandathu. Umdlalo iqulathe lamathuba ezine emva kwemizuzu esibhozo.

yevoli

Ngokuba okokuqala kwi-Olympics yevoli kwabonakala ngowe-1924 njengento show eyonwabisayo. Kodwa kwinkqubo yakhe yayiquka ngo-1964. amaqela amabini abantu 6 badlale 3 imidlalo zamanqaku 25. Umsantsa kufuneka ibe amanqaku ubuncinane 2, kungenjalo umntu uthathwa ayiphelelanga. Tie-Break (nebhetshi 5) udlalwa ngamanqaku 15. Umdlalo inika lokuphuma lobugcisa imizuzwana 60 seconds ezimbini ezongezelelweyo 30.

Beach yevoli yinxalenye kweMidlalo YeOlimpiki yanamhlanje. Imidlalo kwahluka indawo (igama obuliqilima) kunye neemeko ezithile. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu uthathwa ukuba iphumelele xa kukho amanqaku 15 naliphi iqela.

yalo mdlalo

Football - it ngumdlalo iqela, yaye zombini inkunzi nemazi. Wenza bt yakhe kwimiDlalo Olimpiki ngo-1936. Umdlalo luqulathe ezimbini imidlalo lemizuzu engama-30. Ixesha lekhefu - lemizuzu eli-10. Iqela ungabantu 14 (7 kumhlaba kwaye 7 kwesitulo).

imithambo

Imidlalo nakwimithambo - Sports Summer Olimpiki Imidlalo, owayebonakele kuluhlu ukusukela ukuvuselela khuphiswano. Ngowe-1896 yena wenza imithambo zemidlalo amadoda ayo bt kaThixo, ngo-1928 - obhinqileyo. Okwangoku, phakathi iimbaleki babedlala ngaphandle iimbasa inxaxheba kwiqela kunye umntu zonke ngeenxa zonke, kwakunye ngeenxa ngasinye ngokwahlukeneyo. umthambo Artistic okokuqala wathabatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano ngo-1984. Yintoni emehlweni fans Olympics? imithambo ezinesingqi yaziwa ngokubanzi pirouettes emangalisayo.

ukuphehla

Zeziphi lezemidlalo Olimpiki ezinxulumene kokubheqa? Olu luhlu luquka oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuphehla swing (xa iimbaleki bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini, ngamnye omnye oar ukuphehla) kunye igumbi umphunga (nxaxheba ngamnye amaphini ezimbini). Le uhlanga lwenzeka kwi ubude track ngqo ka-2000 m.
• Ukuphehla ngesikhephe amadoda nabafazi imigama ezahlukeneyo singles, ngababini kunye ezihamba.
• Slalom - uhlanga kwi flow okukhawulezayo ngesango okhethekileyo.

judo

Judo uthengwayo yeyomnye kakhulu ethandwa ubuciko bokulwa. Kuyinto kuluhlu kwezemidlalo Olimpiki ukususela 1964. Ukhuphiswano ukuba amabhinqa okokuqala kuqhutywa ngo-1992. Eyona njongo iphambili ye-nxaxheba - ukugcina uzinzo kwaye wenze utshaba kwebhola.

ezemidlalo samahashe

Le ingqeqesho "yeengcungcu", idityanisiwe kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki ukususela 1900. Iintlobo ukhuphiswano kulo mdlalo atshintsha rhoqo, kodwa okwangoku iimbasa ayanikezelwa inxaxheba ngamnye kunye neqela kumboniso kuxhuma, eventing kunye uphume.

endleleni nasebaleni

Enye yezemidlalo enkulu ingqalelo imidlalo yeembaleki. Olympics inikeza ezininzi 47 iiseti neembasa. Iintlobo Ukhuphiswano lweembaleki zihlelwa kwi kwindawo yokuqhubela ikhosi:

• Phezu Athletics Track.
• Ngaphakathi Athletics core.
• Ngaphandle kwale nkundla.

losuka

Lo mdlalo kunxulumene omnye ukuphunyezwa ubuchule sinzima. Lokuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano unika 11 iiseti neembasa. Okwangoku, kuba ukutshintshwa iimpahla ezindala zakudala beza mihla ngokukhanya ngakumbi.

swimming

Ukuqubha yaqukwa kwi-Imidlalo Olimpiki ngo-1912. Ukhuphiswano kulo mdlalo zenziwa ngokwamabakala eziliqela. Kukho iintlobo zilandelayo: freestyle, backstroke, ibhabhathane, Medley irileyi uhlanga.

diving

Olu hlobo ezemidlalo yamanzi ezibandakanya ukutsiba ukusuka kwinqaba okanye sokufezekisa (abakwiindawo obude ahlukeneyo). Kuba okokuqala ngo-1904 kwi kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki abamelwe yi nokuxhuma abangatshatanga, yaye ngo-2000 - yolunye.

Ukutsiba kwi kwitrampolini

Okuqukiweyo lezemidlalo Olimpiki ukususela 2000, ubuntu babo kukuba ukwenza umthambo ezintathu iingongoma ezilishumi. Namhlanje kwi Olympics wadlala iseti iimbasa inkunzi nemazi.

swimming ukuvumelanisa

ukuqubha ukuvumelanisa ngokufanele wabiza omnye imidlalo ephambili. Isisekelo - inzaliseko iimilo ezahlukeneyo emanzini umculo. Water ballet (ekuqaleni lo mdlalo kuthiwa njalo) wangenela ngo-1984 njenge yeqonga elilodwa isibini. Ukuqubha ukuvumelanisa - siku ezemidlalo obhinqileyo, eziquka iinkqubo zobugcisa kunye elide.

pentathlon lwangoku

pentathlon Modern ibandakanya imidlalo Olimpiki ezilandelayo (iimbaleki ezikhuphisanayo photo ungabona kweli nqaku): ukudubula, ukubiya, ukuqubha, bekhwele emahasheni, ukubaleka. pentathlon yokuqala ngo-1912, ekuqaleni yadlalwa iimbasa ukuba ziluluntu kuphela. Ukususela ngo-1996, abafazi nabo inxaxheba kolu hlobo khuphiswano.

ukudubula

Zahlasela ekujoliswe usebenzisa imipu kunye imipu nomoya. Lo mdlalo oluqukwe kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki ukususela 1896. Lokukhuphisana amadoda kwanabafazi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, lahlulwe ngokudubula imbumbulu yaye ipowusta. Eyokuqala yenziwe lomlilo (a umgama we-25 no-50 eemitha) kunye nomoya (ngeemitha ezili-10) yezixhobo. Amadoda enza 60 izithonga, abafazi - kwi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo 40 zikwabonelelwa: ezithandwa, bemi, waguqa. Ukhuphiswano e ukudubula negobo ngodongwe kwenzeka Amanzi ukudubula evulekileyo. Isebenziselwa egudileyo-yazala izixhobo oluwe ephaphazelayo isosara-target. Ukhuphiswano ziquka sisibatha skeet kunye umgibe kabini.

ukutola

Oku kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezimbini - ibhloko kunye nemilo isaphetha. Okhuphisana ngenisa ekujoliswe ezinzileyo, umgama okwisithuba seemitha 70. Kuba okokuqala lo mdlalo yaqukwa kwi-Imidlalo Olimpiki ngo-1900. Olu khuphiswano yazinyaswa ngabo amadoda kunye nabafazi, ngokunjalo ibonelela kwiqela kunye ukudubula ngamnye.

tennis

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iiOlimpiki iquke yentenetya enkulu kunye itafile. Okokuqala wangenela ngo-1896, yaye emva koko isuswe, yaye ngowe-1988 isigqibo IOC yaphinda wangena kuluhlu zemidlalo Olimpiki. Table tennis enemvelaphi yayo ngenkulungwane ye-19, kodwa Olympics yena kuphela ngo-1988. Ukhuphiswano amadoda kunye nabafazi abathatha inxaxheba. Iyandoyisa ukulwa yena obutha amanqaku kakhulu. Ukhuphiswano luqulathe amaqela asixhenxe, nganye hlengiswa ukuze amanqaku 11.

netrayethloni

Le yenye yezi ntlobo zinzima kukhuphiswano. Oku kuquka ukuqubha, ngebhayisekile kunye nokubaleka. Ezityhutyhayo amadoda nabafazi ayafana, zonke iintlanga okwenziwayo kule mini. Abasetyhini ziya kuqala ngaphambi kunamadoda: ngoxa ibaleka - imizuzu engama-30, xa ibhayisekile - imizuzu engama-60 ngexesha lokudada - imizuzu engama-20.

taekwondo

Omnye oselula (ukususela 2000), kodwa ezemidlalo phambili zifakiwe kwi kweMidlalo YeOlimpiki ngokubaluleka. Ngexesha khuphiswano kuhlolwa hayi nje ukukwazi ukugcina umlo umfowunelwa, kodwa izinto ligqobha indlu ingalo nomlenze ngendlela jump. Izitho neentloko nxaxheba akhuselwe. Ngexesha Ukubanga kwavalwa izithonga eliphantsi. Ophumelele lo mdlali ngamanqaku ezinye iindlela.

weightlifting

Ngowe-1896, uluhlu lezemidlalo amandla added weightlifting. Kakuhle eli khuphiswano kokususa ubunzima. Jerk kunye ukumangala - oku iziseko wokukhulisa bar. Umthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye unelungelo mizamo emithathu. Weight kokususa yinto yinxalenye Biathlon. Ukususela ngo-2000 ukhuphiswano ezibandakanyekayo kunye nabasetyhini. Kuba abantu, kukho 8 iindidi ubunzima kwabasetyhini - 7.

uthango

Fencing usebenza kuphela kwimidlalo ngamnye. Okubandakanywe Olimpiki ukususela 1924. Bakhuphisane abasetyhini kunye namadoda. Izixhobo ze ukhuphiswano inokuba ngefoyile, saber kunye epee. Yilwa ngokwayo zibanjwa ububanzi track oziimitha ezi-2 no-14 ubude, enziwe ngohlobo oluthile kagesi conductive. Ekunikezelweni amanqaku ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Hsen - Inaliti kunye ngesibetho, njengoko ukuhlatywa nje kuphela, kodwa ezisika izixhobo.
• Nekrele - iinaliti kwenziwe nayiphi na indawo apha emzimbeni, ngaphandle entanyeni.
• Epee - nayiphi shot umonakalo.

Ngexesha Ukubiyelwa epee ayinakubalwa ngaxeshanye, naluviko lwenza. Kwaye xa usebenzisa ikrele elifutshane - kabuhlungu kuphela ngexesha uhlaselo.

football

Yintoni emehlweni abantu Olympics? Football - kuba mhlawumbi nje umdlalo kangangokuba imikhosi siyakuhlanganisana izikrini, izigidi amakhwenkwe. Ngowe-1996 kunye nebhola yabafazi, ukuba kongezwa. Ekuqaleni-Olimpiki Games lwamaqela abaziingcali zavalwa inxaxheba kolu khuphiswano. Ekuqaleni iqela lebhola phambili kwinkulungwane yama-20 yaba iqela lesizwe le-United Kingdom. Yaba yena wathabatha amabhaso imidlalo ezimbalwa ilandelelana. Wayemela Great Britain engahlawulwayo England. Kumafa yayo, Isimanga, abadlali baba iingcali. 1932 kwaphawulwa kukuba yebhola ngaphandle ukusuka kuluhlu zemidlalo Olimpiki. Izizathu zoku aba ezimbini. Ingcinga yokuqala ekhatywayo ingabangeli abahlali US (kunye Olympics-1932 kwacetywa khona). Okwesibini, Federation FIFA akazange afune ukwenza lo mdlalo ethembisayo waba isithunzi izenzo edumileyo ezifana ne-Olimpiki.

Football wabuyiselwa kuluhlu ngo-1936. Ngenxa yokuba iimbaleki eziye zafumana inqanaba eliphezulu lobungcali ngokukhawuleza, FIFA kuvunyelwa ukuba bathathe inxaxheba Olimpiki ukuba abadlali abaqeqeshiweyo. Phantsi ukuvalwa kuphela abo bangazange ukuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano ehlabathini. Ngowe-1992 kwenziwa kweminyaka: kuhlanganiselo iqela akufunekanga ibe abadlali ngaphezulu kwe-3 ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-23 ubudala.

hockey

Le hybrid ekhatywayo nakwihoki. Olu khuphiswano ababandakanyekayo ezimbini amaqela umntu-16. Game - iziqingatha ezibini imizuzu 35 kunye ikhefu phakathi kwabo kwemizuzu eli-10. Phambi 1980, olu khuphiswano yayizinyaswe kuphela ngabantu, kodwa ngoku kukho amaqela yabafazi.