Imfazwe yenyukliya: abantu baya kutshabalala indlela

Emva kokuba kukuqhushumba ukuqhushumba yenyukliya kwizixeko Japanese ka iHiroshima Nagasaki, ugrogriso imfazwe yenyukliya real kakhulu. Izazinzulu ziye safunda iinkcukacha nefuthe udubulo ezinamandla ngakumbi: Ndiya kuwutwabulula njani imitha, yintoni na ukutshatyalaliswa eziphilayo, iziphumo kwemozulu.

imfazwe yenyukliya - njengoko kwenzeka

yesiqalo Nuclear - yinto ibhola enkulu ertyisi lomlilo ukutsha ngokupheleleyo okanye chars izinto ziyaphila nendalo engaphiliyo, nokuba kude omkhulu ukusuka kumbindi womhlaba. Isinye kwisithathu amandla dubulo akhululwayo ngokohlobo ukubetha kwentliziyo ubukhaphukhaphu amawaka amaxesha ngaphezu kokuqaqamba kwelanga. Ukusuka oku kukhanya zonke izinto ezinokutsha ezifana iphepha ngeqhiya. Abantu benziwa ukutsha wesithathu-isidanga.

imililo Primary musa ukuphatha ukuba phemba - ukuba ngokuyinxenye extinguishes air udubulo enamandla. Kodwa ngenxa iintlantsi eziphaphazelayo, baqhumisela kobutyobo, iziphaluka ezimfutshane, udubulo igesi yasekhaya evuthayo petroleum kuyilwa imililo eziziisekondari elide kakhulu.

A nobuninzi lomlilo ngamnye kunye esibulalayo inkanyamba ngomlilo, onako ukutshabalalisa naziphi na ingumasipala. firestorm enjalo watshabalalisa Hamburg kunye Dresden ngexesha Second World War.

Xa iziko le inkanyamba yi ubushushu kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba izihlwele ezikhulu komoya leyo bavuke phezulu umphezulu kwakhiwa iinkanyamba, ezixhasa iinxalenye ezintsha isiqalelo emlilweni oksijini. Umsi, uthuli kunye umle anyukela kuwo stratosphere, yaye ilifu ibunjiwe, leyo ecace phantse ngokupheleleyo kwelanga. Ngenxa yoko, ubusika zenyukliya ezibulalayo iqala.

imfazwe yenyukliya kukhokelela ubusika zenyukliya ixesha elide

Ngenxa ukhetho olukhulu yemililo kwenzeka emoyeni imali enkulu ngenxa ulwelo, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba "ubusuku lwenyukliya". Kuqikelelwa ukuba imfazwe yenyukliya walapha waze ezincinane kunye laseMelika eLondon naseNew York iya kukhokelela yokunqongophala olupheleleyo kwelanga phezu Northern saseNtla iiveki ezimbalwa.

Kuba okokuqala imiphumela emibi yemililo ezinkulu aba bandiqumbisayo ngamaxesha ayo olunye utshintsho ayibuyiseki umva sezulu nokuPhilayo kwiglobhu, wathi uPawulos Kruttsen, isazinzulu owaziwayo waseJamani.

Isibakala sokuba imfazwe yenyukliya bekuza kukhokelela busika zenyukliya, belingekafiki kwaziwa phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Iimvavanyo kunye kuqhuma zenyukliya bathwalwa phandle abangatshatanga kunye bodwa. Kwaye nkqu "ethambileyo" ungquzulwano yenyukliya ibandakanya udubulo kwizixeko ezininzi. Ukongeza, uvavanyo lwenziwa ngendlela yokuba imililo ezinkulu Bamqumbisa wayengekho. Kwaye kutshanje kuphela, ngentsebenziswano iingcali zebhayoloji, zezibalo, izazinzulu kwemozulu, zezinto ikwazile walala phantsi umfanekiso jikelele iziphumo ungquzulwano yenyukliya kunye. Uluntu jikelele asixilonge ngokweenkcukacha yintoni kuba ihlabathi emva kokuba imfazwe yenyukliya.

Ukuba ingxabano iya kusetyenziswa% 1 kuphela eziveliswe ngalo mzuzu kwezixhobo zenyukliya, umphumo iya kulingana 8200 "Nagasaki naseHiroshima."

Nakuba kule meko imfazwe yenyukliya kuya kuquka iziphumo zemozulu ebusika yenyukliya. Ngenxa yokuba imitha yelanga akakwazi ukuza emhlabeni, apho kuya kubakho umoya kobubi elide. Zonke zasendle ukuba akukho pobignet kusithiwa, uya baya amazinyo.

Phakathi umhlaba nolwandle unayo nayiphi na umahluko ubushushu ebalulekileyo, njengokuba imizimba omkhulu wamanzi kufuneka abe inertia enkulu thermal, ngoko umoya apho uya zipholile ngokucothayo. Utshintsho kwi emoyeni gqiba umjikelo wamanzi, kwaye kweli lizwekazi sokuvalwa ebusuku obandayo, kwaye ngengqele epheleleyo, ziya kuqala imbalela egqubayo.

Ukuba imfazwe yenyukliya yenzeka ihlobo ikhweyitha Northern, iiveki ezimbini lobushushu apho Ndawa ngaphantsi zero, kwaye ukukhanya kwelanga wayeza ziye zanyamalala ngokuphelele. Ngelo xesha kumntla ikhweyitha, bonke utyani uya kulahleka ngokupheleleyo, yaye ikhweyitha emazantsi - inxalenye. Tropical sabutropikhi wayeza kufa phantse nangoko, kuba nezihluma nga khona apho ngaphakathi lobushushu elimxinwa kakhulu kunye noluhlu kwemiqathango ukukhanya ethile.

Ukunqongophala kokutya kuza kukhokelela ekutshabalaleni zezilwanyana. Xa iintaka, kuya kubakho ithuba kancinane ukuphila. isilwanyana esirhubuluzayo kuphela zihlale.

amahlathi abafileyo, leyo akhiwa kwiindawo ezinkulu ziya kuba imililo ezintsha kunye yokubola enezityalo nezilwanyana ezifileyo onazo kuya kubangela ezikhutshwayo zibe emoyeni izixa elikhulu carbon dioxide. Ngenxa yoko, kwaphulwa isiqulatho carbon futhi umzimba. Yokuduka kwezityalo kuya kubangela ukhukuliseko lomhlaba wonke.

Kuya kubakho intshabalalo phantse epheleleyo yendalo, nto leyo ezikhoyo ngoku emhlabeni. Kutshabalala zonke izityalo zezolimo kunye nezilwanyana, iimbewu Noko ke, ugcinwe. Ukwanda ezibukhali radiation ionizing kuya kubangela isifo radiation kakhulu kwaye ikhokelela ekufeni yezityalo, ezincancisayo neentaka.

ezikhutshwayo Air of oxides zenitrogen nesulfure kuya kubangela yintlekele imvula acid.

Omnye nayiphi na uthe izinto ayeya kwanela ukuba baphule ezininzi eziphilayo. Eyona nto imbi kukuba emva kokuba imfazwe yenyukliya kuya kuqalisa ukwenza kunye, yokuvuselela kunye nokuqinisa isenzo ngamnye zomnye.

Kwathi ingongoma ebalulekileyo, uya emva koko kuqala utshintsho lwemozulu ezibangele onokuphila yoMhlaba, loo nto okwanele udubulo omncinane yenyukliya - 100 MT. Kuba intlekele noqhekeko kuya kubangela kakhulu ukusebenza for% 1 kuphela izixhobo zenyukliya nenqwaba ezikhoyo.

Kwanabo mazwe kwi kabani intsimi abayi aphuma, akukho iibhombu zenyukliya ziya kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo.

A imfazwe yenyukliya kulo naluphi na uhlobo yayo yi isoyikiso sokwenene ukusinda emntwini kwaye bonke ubomi emhlabeni.