Umsantsa phakathi Orthodox kunye neziphumo zawo

Kwimbali Russia kunye Russian Church Orthodox yaba ebalulekileyo kwahlukahlukana kwinkulungwane XVII. imiphumela yayo ziboniswe kwi zaqalwa, intshutshiso yonqulo, ukudala ukholo abaninzi. Le enamandla isikali kunye nokubaluleka lwentshukumo zonqulo-lezopolitiko imvelaphi yayo, ngaphandle ukufunda loo nto ukuqonda izizathu kule drama enkulu Russian. Okokuqala, nangona lo mcimbi enxulumene lé izithethe zonqulo, ubukhulu becala, malunga ezinkonzweni, waba nezinye izizathu. Kwakhona Ukuqaqambisa indima ifrequency Tsar Alexei kunye uBhishophu Nikon, sibonga ngalo neemeko zezopolitiko ziye zaba kwakungamandla awayeqhuba ukuhlukana. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izizathu eCaweni edlalwa kule meko, indima minor.

Ngoko, kunye nendawo enyukayo ukuya bukhosi Romanov ubukhosi yesibini ka Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, uWele, bakhonza esabo isisu kwakuzolile ombuso eMoscow landa. YoMlawuli saziswe obunazo ukuze zimanyane phantsi iphiko bakhe bonke abantu Orthodox abahlala eMpuma Yurophu kunye kwiiBalkans. Kodwa emva kokuba bamba nokudliwa i kohlo-Bank Ukraine ngequbuliso kwabakho ingxaki ubuntu lokuhlambulula. Uninzi amakholwa emazweni babhaptizwa yiminwe emithathu, njengoko kwakunjalo Greece kunye nehlabathi Orthodox lonke, yaye umnqamlezo ezimbini Russian. Iminqweno ukumkani ukumisela "Rome Third" afuna Bhala emanyeneyo. Ukusuka kule meko kwakukho eneenketho ezimbini: okanye ukunyanzela abantu owoyisa izithethe Russian, okanye wenze eyakho amakholwa ukuba avume uKristu ngendlela entsha. Ngoko ke kwahlukahlukana - ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente engathethekiyo ukuze kuphunyezwe a Orthodox enobunye.

Ukususela lifake nantoni na, yaye oko kuyingozi amaphondo sele zaneliswe, ikumkani yagqiba ekubeni athathe 'ngenxa yakhe. " Yaye wakwenza oko nzima, "amapolisa" amanyathelo. Ngowe-1653 akhethelwe kwanyakenye le uBhishophu Russian, Metropolitan Nikon iye ethumile, apho ngendlela categorical emiselweyo wabhaptizwa kunye yiminwe emithathu, caba ezine endaweni ezilishumi elinesithandathu kwi xikhongelo Saint Efrema Sirina. Kwakhona indawo sicula semono in polyphonic kwaye kuvumela ababingeleli ukuvakalisa neentshumayelo yokutshintsha amalungu yakhe. Ngaloo ndlela, utshintsho Nikon kunye nebandla yahlula ezingenakwahlulwa omnye nomnye.

Ekubeni ezintsha ezibekwe "phezulu", kungekho nayiphi na ingcaciso okanye ukukholelwa ukuchaneka amanyathelo ezinjalo, lo ummiselo ndadibana ukumelana kakhulu ngumsindo, yaye zonke iyaxela yabemi. Nkqu aziingangamsha, izidwangube wawalwela umva yokuhlonela yamandulo. Abaqhubi kunye nenkcaso babengamalungu abefundisi, ingakumbi archpriests uDaniyeli uHabhakuki. Ke ukumkani lo solusapho sahlala siqinile. Nkqu yokuba ngo-1658, Nikon wawa umusa yaye ngo-1666 wahliswa isikhundla kasolusapho, akazange kuchaphazela zonke kwahlukahlukana bestereo: ngo-1667 Great Moscow iBhunga lecawa anathematized abo avume ukwamkela izithethe ezintsha, yaye waqhubeka ' wanyelisa Church, "wasenga uwexuko.

Nokubonakaliswa lokuqala ukungoneliseki yaba mvukelo Solovki phakathi kwabantu ngokubanzi (1667-1676). Yaphela kwabulawa le zaneliswe. Umsantsa shirilsya nzulu. Iintsapho ezininzi bebaleka intshutshiso yaye akazange afune ukuba amngcatshe ukholo lwabo, asaba kummandla ongaphandle yobukumkani Russian - kule imigxobhozo weDanube, ukuya emntla, kummandla iVolga kunye eSiberia, esasaza ilizwi malunga elivela kuzo izihlandlo lokugqibela, yaye ubukumkani Umchasi, leyo ngoku ukumkani usolusapho. Alekseya Tishayshego ukufa ayizange iguquke le meko. Nozipho Alekseevna zaqina kuphela intshutshiso Amakholwa kwabangevayo.

Umsantsa wafumana imbonakaliso yayo kakhulu anomngcipheko mass self-bazibulala - babizwa ngokuba "ukutsha". abantu befuna bathatha ubomi babo, ukuba amngcatshe ukholo. Ezi ukuzibulala kwaqhubeka kulo XVIII-XIX eminyaka. It Liphelisa intshutshiso amandla wempangelo: ummiselo uNicholas II «Ngokuphathelele nengqondo," nto leyo eqinisekiswe inkululeko yenkolo babebambelele. Kwaye ngo-1929, i-Sinodi oyiNgcwele yamkela isigqibo sokuba "izithethe omdala Russian nazo esibuhlungu."