Yintoni Gibbs amandla free?

Free Gibbs energy - lixabiso esibonakalisa inqanaba lokutshintsha kwamandla abasabela imichiza, yaye ngenxa yokunika impendulo umbuzo malunga ithuba ekudibaneni kwemichiza. Le enokwenzeka mabasiwe inkqubo ngokupheleleyo amandla ekhemikhali (olunombala wamanzi akhazimlayo, njalo njalo. D.). Gibbs amandla free sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi chemistry obizwa.

I-flow yazenzekela ngenxa yeenkqubo isobaric-isothermal umiselwa le miba ilandelayo: enthalpy kunye entropy. Eyokuqala lu dityanisiwe ukuhla enthalpy le nkqubo, lo gama i-kwinqanaba clutter yesibini ngenxa yokwanda kule nkqubo ngenxa yokwanda ye entropy yayo. Umahluko ochazwe into thermodynamic kwaye umsebenzi lwenkqubo ithi, indawo eyaziwa ngokuba isobaric-isothermal ezinokwenzeka, okanye Gibbs ezamahala eneji (G, kJ).

inkqubo okuzenzekelayo kwinkqubo evulekileyo kwaye evaliweyo zichazwa iinqobo ezithile, ebizwa Gibbs isakhono. Eneneni, ngumsebenzi karhulumente. D. Inkolo Gibbs, xa besebenza kunye neenkqubo thermodynamic, Nizise lo osemqoka ngokusebenzisa enthalpy kunye entropy. Gibbs amandla free ikuvumela ukuba ukuqikelela icala aya inkqubo ezizenzekelayo yebhayoloji, kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo isondlo nolufikelelekayo.

Ngokumalunga yesibini umthetho obizwa Gibbs izigqibo ukuze ingashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ngamandla rhoqo lobushushu ngaphandle kukhuthazwa ngaphandle kwenkqubo uya kulifeza inqanaba yokumpompoza makazizele kuphela kwiinkqubo leyo kwenzeka ngenxa ukunciphisa ixabiso Gibbs enokuba ukuya kwinqanaba apho kwenzeka phezu siluphumeze ubuncinane ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngoko, intsalela thermodynamic nkqubo imisela ukungaguquleki amandla free. Ngoko ke, isakhono enthalpy i Gibbs 'free na kwinkqubo isobaric-isothermal. Makhe sibone isizathu sokuba oko kuboniswa ubuncinane. Oku ungachazwa postulate obizwa kubalulekile lizama, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: njengelizwe enikwe kwi imeko lobushushu rhoqo kunye noxinzelelo kuthetha ukuba ezi nguqu zilandelayo ezifunekayo ukunyusa umgangatho amandla, kwaye oku kungenzeka kuphela ukutshintsha iimeko zangaphandle.

Kwaye oko kuthethwa amandla simahla? Xa eli gama kuthetha inkqubo yokufumana imali mda yamandla ngaphandle okanye ngenkcitho amancinci amandla. Oko kukuthi, amandla efunyenwe ilanga, ugesi, umoya ephendulwa - na amandla free, ngokuba singadlali amandla kwi imitha yelanga wawa emhlabeni, amanzi abuya emlanjeni okanye yavuthela umoya. imithombo efana abasingqongileyo baninzi kangaka, uninzi lwazo ndingaziwa kwinzululwazi. Leyo phezu kwabo amaxesha ngamaxesha kunye "ukukhubeka" abayili Different experimenters. Enye yezi izinto yaba amandla simahla Tesla. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, amandla ukuba wamkela, wathabatha imvelaphi yalo ukusuka kaEtere (ongenawo). It is a Kulusizi ukuba wokusungula zange lisiwe ekupheleni kwayo nengqondo. Noko ke, loo ezifunyaniswe Siyaqhubeka ngokuzimisela, inkqubo akayeki. Namhlanje, kukho ezininzi i patents, isiseko apho - eneji free. Ejikeleza enye izixhobo ezinjalo, bona ngasentla.