Enesisa Party yintoni? Ukuqulunqwa zamaqela ezopolitiko

In tsarist Russia waye Enesisa Party of Democrats siseko, okanye, xa anegama, i kabini. In the State Duma kwekhulu XX ekuqaleni oko thaca kunye neminye imibutho yezopolitiko kunye nenkqubo efanayo. Ngokomzekelo, ezifana yaba 'Union of Oktobha 17 ".

Ukuvela amaqela zobunene

Ngowe-1905, emva kokoyiswa Russia emfazweni nxamnye eJapan, kwakukho revolution lokuqala Russian. Nicholas II akazange akwazi zokuyifihla ngamandla, kwafuneka ukuba abachasi bakhe. October 17, 1905 wamnika Manifesto, ekuthi ngawo uBukhosi Russian waseka uDuma State.

zezepolitiki, inkcaso ku ke ukumkani ekugqibeleni wafumana ithuba lokuba kwintsimi zomthetho. Kwathi ngowe-1905, kwakukho intlangano yokwenene lwentando yesininzi.

kabini

Phakathi amaqela kuvele yaba Democratic zobunene Constitutional Party (njengoko yayibizwa yaBantu Freedom Party). Isigqibo malunga inkangeleko yalo mbutho wabanjwa ngoJulayi 1905 kuloo nkongolo elilandelayo zemstvos. Ngoko ke, lo iqela kwakukho abantu ngaphambili wasebenza koomasipala zephondo. Bona, ngaphezu nabani na, baba kufutshane ubomi abantu abaqhelekileyo ababehlala kwizixeko yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Le nkongolo owaseka yabanjwa eMoscow ngo-Oktobha 1905. I Sobukhosi Lokuqala ngelo xesha kwakukho iintshukumo zikawonke, ugwayimbo lwabasebenzi neenkonzo zothutho kunye ukungqubana kwamaxesha ethayimthebhile. Kwezi meko ezinzima yaye baqalise umsebenzi wabo kabini. inkokeli Party Paul Miliukov kukhethwa - eyaziwa yekhasi kunye mbali.

labavoti siseko Democratic

Ekubeni Enesisa Party yaba kabini, kubavoti yayo ibe zizifundiswa kunye wabanumzana Zemsky, luphawulwa iimbono pro-Western eqhubekayo. Lo mbutho ngokwayo yakhiwa abameli ngoohlohlesakhe bezindlu zasebukhosini nababenemihlaba ezidolophini, ootitshala, oogqirha kunye nabanye abanini. Ukuba amaqela zobunene kwezopolitiko ikwazizinto le SR, bekuya kuba sizana Democrats siseko. Kodwa Social-mbuso hlukile leftist. Ukuba bajoyine ngabasebenzi. Nale nokuyinto ukuthandwa sezantsi kwesikhundla kabini kwindawo sabasebenzi.

Ukongeza, iqela Milyukov ukusuka kanye ekuqaleni ikhona, uye imibombo zalo into, ukuphumeza iinjongo zabo ngokusebenzisa iindlela asepalamente kunye nokubonelela kunye nabasemagunyeni. Ukuba inxalenye abasebenzi ngo-1905, kwaye inkxaso umbutho, ekuhambeni kwexesha laya ukuya wobusoshiyali okanye iiBolsheviks.

Enesisa yeCadet Party, ngoko waziphilisa i Februwari Revolution. Kwathi ngowe-1917, oko kwenzeka ngexesha layo. Inani labantu ukuba bajoyine umbutho, ukwanda izihlandlo eziliqela. Miliukov wamiselwa nguMphathiswa weMicimbi yaNgaphandle of the Russian Provisional Government.

ngodaba

Inkqubo siseko Democratic yayiquka amaqela classical melo izinto. Bona wakhuthaza yokulingana bonke abemi Russian kungakhathaliseki inkolo, ubuhlanga kunye nesini. Milyukov nabaxhasi bakhe wayevakalelwa ukuba kuyimfuneko ubukho inkululeko yokuthetha, isazela, cinezela, umbutho kunye nebandla. Uninzi lwezi mfuno lwenziwa emva kokuba revolution 1905. Ngelo xesha, ngenxa yokuba isikhundla sayo Milyukova abaxhasi ayekhalazela indlela urhulumente weza ngexesha inkulumbuso Petra Stolypina.

Enyanisweni, i-yeCadet Party - Enesisa Democratic Party. Le ngcinga kulo mbutho, ingakumbi, iquka ingqiqo lovoto. Ukongeza, i Democrats siseko ayexhasa inkululeko le nkcazelo yesizwe amaqela ezahlukeneyo nobuhlanga bukhosi. Yaba ingongoma elibukhali kakhulu kule nkqubo, kuba nangoku alukapheli umbuzo Polish. Nayiphi Enesisa Democratic Party mhlawumbi yokuqala efunekayo nokubaluleke leeNkundla elizimeleyo. Ngodaba ebeyindoda yokulwa lweengcali zezomthetho kunye namagqwetha. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaqela amatyala ecetywayo hlukile iinkcukacha kunye kusengaphambili.

iimpawu Socialist lwenkqubo lwe Democrats siseko ezabonakala kumhlathi kusungulo ibalwa iyure-8. Phantse yonke imibutho kwi State Duma yagqiba nale mfuno. Ngoko ke, umthetho omtsha umsebenzi ngenene yathathwa umva xa gunya.

End of the party

Ngobusuku zemishini ka-Oktobha Revolution, i kabini, umlungiseleli owayesakuba kwi Provisional kaRhulumente, wabanjwa. Kamva entolongweni abanye onke amanani iqela abadumileyo, ngaphandle kwabo ikwazile ukuba babaleke kweli lizwe. Ezinye abo babanjiweyo baba malunga obethe ngexesha leMfazwe Civil.

Kodwa ngoNovemba 1917, i-kabini kwafuneka ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kolu lonyulo ukuya kwiNdibano neqela. Anakho ezininzi iivoti, njengoko baba kakhulu amandla anti-ye'Bolshevik kuphela. Democrats siseko inkxaso nkqu ngowayesakuba iqela (ngaphandle ngokugqibeleleyo ekhohlo). Noko ke, ngoDisemba 12, 1917 iBhunga Commissars Abantu waqonda kabini 'Party iintshaba zabantu. " Lo mbutho kwavalwa. inkokeli ngodaba Milyukov waba nako ukuphuma kubo eRashiya. Wafa eFransi ngowe-1943.

Octo party

Enye umbutho ebalulekileyo eseleyo nganiso amaqela ekunene-SCA i Enesisa Democratic Party Octo. inkxaso bayo baba noosomashishini izityebi kunye nabanini enkulu. Igama Party waba kubhekiswa kaOktobha 17, 1905 - umhla kokusayina Manifesto, omnikileyo eninzi inkululeko xa revolution lokuqala Russian.

INtloko mbutho Alexander Guchkov. Ngowe-1910-1911 gg. Waye nkqu usihlalo likaRhulumente Duma III. Xa Provisional Government inkokheli Octo wamkela portfolio of nguMphathiswa of War kunye Navy. Ngexesha revolution ka-1905-1906. iqela namajoni angama-75 amawaka abantu. I-Union of Oktobha 17 amaphephandaba yayo "Ilizwi eMoscow".

sizana zikarhulumente

Kule zokuqala ezimbini Dumas State octo kwaba kancinane (16 ne 43 ngokulandelelana). Kwafika impumelelo iqela emva ngoJuni 3, 1907 izilungiso umthetho lonyulo. Ukuhlaziywa inciphise inani wobusoshiyali kwi kwipalamente. Endaweni yazo kweza ezininzi Octo, onombolo yakhe sele ifikelele 154. Le ithandwa enkulu beqela ngenxa yokuba kuthatha indawo eliphakathi kwaye yaba yinto ukuhlehla lwentlalo.

Octo waba kwinkqubo endala, kufutshane ngaphezu kabini kude. Xa masekela Guchkov wathembela uPyotr Stolypin, xa urhulumente wazama lifuna Ushintsho Duma idrafti abangafunwayo kodwa kuyimfuneko. Iintlanganiso zokuqala ezimbini kaRhulumente Duma zaye ngenkani ichithiwe ngenxa nje ezo ePalamente eyayigcwele wobusoshiyali waza wayeka ukwenza imithetho.

Ukuba nantoni na iqela lezopolitiko le RSDLP, yena ngewuthe thaca ngokunjalo. Kodwa ke iiBolsheviks ukususela kwasekuqaleni baba kuphela wobusoshiyali, kodwa wasebenzisa iindlela olululo umzabalazo kunye norhulumente. Octo wayefuna ukuzisa inguqu ngendlela enoxolo, ngokufuna izivumelwano kunye norhulumente.

noqhekeko Octo

Ngo-1913 kwakukho uqhekeko phakathi abaxhasi Guchkov. Ekubeni Enesisa na iqela lezopolitiko le Octobrists, abathathi-nxaxheba bayo baye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bahloniphe amalungelo eRashiya. Kodwa emva kokuba revolution yokuqala Russian, urhulumente uye kwi amanyathelo zinkuni nxamnye neentshaba zabo isono. Octo wabonakala phakathi iqela kukhululwa irizolyushini eliphikisayo. Olu xwebhu esatyikitywa ngurhulumente watyholwa yokuhlutha amalungelo abemi Russian.

Ngenxa yoko, iqela sahlukana alwayo ezithathu State Duma. Kwakukho iphiko lasekhohlo ekhokelwa Guchkov nasekunene Zemstvo-Octobrists, inkokeli ogama uMikhail Rodzianko. Kwakhona zihlukaniswe iqela elincinane zamasekela ezizimeleyo. waqala ntlekele Party. Eyisongile iphephandaba "Ilizwi eMoscow" ngo-1915. wayeka ukuba ibizwe yiKomiti Central. Ngenxa yoko, Octo yanyamalala endle bezopolotiko belizwe phambi kokuba revolution kunye revolution yamaBolshevik. Iphiko lasekhohlo iqela wangena kule Progressive awodwa. Ezinye iinkokeli yangaphambili Octo baba amanani zopolitiko abadumileyo of Russia de zehlobo lika-1917.