Ukutyhubela imbali, abantu bazama ukufihla ulwazi oluthile emehlweni prying. Ngoko ke, akumangalisi ukuba aphume lo mnqweno, isayensi yonke - zokufihlakeleyoComment. Yintoni na? Uphi na kusetyenziswa yaye yintoni iinjongo?
ulwazi jikelele
iindlela zangaphambili zokufihlakeleyoComment, njengoko umthetho, kukhonza iimfuno zoluntu. Kodwa ekubeni le Internet saka, saba impahla yoluhlu olubanzi lwabantu. Uhlelo ngoku isetyenziswa imigewu, alwela iinkcukacha kunye nenkululeko kolwazi kunye nabantu nje abanqwenela yeekhowudi data zabo ukuba likhanye phezu umnatha. Kodwa kutheni zisafuna zokufihlakeleyoComment? Ntoni na nokuba yintoni na angasinika? It is a isayensi inxaxheba ekunikeni yonxibelelwano ngasese.
History of uphuhliso
Kukholelwa ukuba iziseko zokufihlakeleyoComment wabeka uEneya Tacticus. Imizamo ujiko-data benza mandulo Indiya, neMesopotamiya. Kodwa abazange yimpumelelo gqitha. Inkqubo yokuqala enokuthenjwa yokhuseleko yasungulwa ngo-China yamandulo. ufihlo Egqugqisileyo ezifunyenwe kumazwe Antiquity. Emva koko eyasetyenziselwa iinjongo zomkhosi. ubuchule lokufihla bafumana indlela yabo bamandulo, kodwa sele amukela abarhwebi kunye nezifundiswa. Iminyaka yobudala golden kwale nzululwazi kuthiwa Renaissance. Kwi efanayo indlela binary ufihlo kuye kwandululwa, efana naleyo isetyenziselwa namhlanje kwiteknoloji computer. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, yena yathatyathwa njengesixhobo impi yinxalenye. Kwafuneka ukuba ukusombulula intsinda-badala izithuba utshaba - kwaye afumane result eyothusayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba iimbalelwano olubhalwayo yi unozakuzaku German arhente zobungqondi Arturom Tsimmermanom US. Isiphelo Ngenxa yoku kukuba iUnited States wangena umlo kwicala le Entente. IMfazwe Yehlabathi II yaba uhlobo inkqubo yophuhliso sokubumbela lothungelwano computer. Kunye negalelo elibonakalayo oku kwenza zokufihlakeleyoComment. Yintoni na kwaye yintoni na iziphumo eziluncedo isicelo sayo? Abanye oorhulumente babesaba yethuba ukuba ugunyaziso lomiselo lentlawulo ukusetyenziswa encryption data.
Ukuwa lodwa karhulumente
Kodwa ke izithintelo ezibekwe yi-oorhulumente alusebenzi, kwaye ngo-1967 wapapasha incwadi ngu David Kahn "ikhowudi full". Ukwachaphazela kunye nembali zophuhliso, kwakunye iziseko zokufihlakeleyoComment kunye cryptanalysis. Xa ukuba ipapashwe koonondaba, le ncwadi, ngokuba yakhe yaqala ukuvela kunye neminye imisebenzi. Imeko kuphuhliswa ngathi udaka. Ngelo xesha kukho lokusekwa indlela mihla le inzululwazi, kwaye sichaza ngokucacileyo iimfuno ezisisiseko emakuhlangatyezwane ulwazi obubhalwe: ingqibelelo, iimfihlo kunye neotslezhivaemost. Ke amacandelo amabini lineminyaka kwaye rhoqo nokuzibandakanya iindawo: cryptanalysis kunye kriptosintez. Abantu indlela yokuqala ukukhangela iindlela yokucima ukhuseleko kunye namathuba kuyiqhekeza. Nangona abo bathatha inxaxheba kriptosintezom, injongo kukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ulwazi. Njani izinto namhlanje? Apha, umzekelo, i-wonke ufihlo FSB ukuba kungenwe kuyo? Njani? Indlela fast?
modernity
Xa kwabonakala Internet, le zokufihlakeleyoComment lifikelele kwinqanaba elitsha. iindlela zakhe ngoku ngokubanzi asetyenziswa ngabantu kweentengiselwano e-commerce ekuchongweni, uqinisekiso njalo njalo. Yaye njani na sikwathetha Bitcoin - cryptocurrency, apho iveliswa ngokutsho algorithm ethile zezibalo, kwaye ilawulwa ngurhulumente. Le ndlela yokuhlawula esetyenziselwa yokucima imiqathango, okanye nje ningawuphembi up. Ngokomzekelo, ungahlala ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi kwingcamango kunye Bitcoins. Le nkqubo yaphakanyiswa wenkqubo oselula ogama Wei Dai. Kwaye ngo-2009, sele isetyenziswe ngempumelelo Satoshi Nakamoto. Kuba iintengiselwano awudingi abalamleli ngohlobo webhanki okanye elinye iziko zemali, ngoko ke kunzima kakhulu ukulandelela. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ngokupheleleyo kwamagunya womnatha ukurhoxisa okanye ngumkhenkce akunakwenzeka Bitcoins. Ngoko ke, ukuba ingasetyenziswa ukuhlawulela naziphi na iimpahla - ukuba umthengisi uyavuma ukwamkela lwemali. imali entsha Created kungaba kuphela abasebenzisi ngokwabo abanika amandla ama iikhompyutha zabo.
lwesigama
Ngoko ke, kukho zokufihlakeleyoComment, oko kukuthi, kakade, makhe ukuqonda okufanayo ngamanye amagama ukuze kube lula.
Of omkhulu umdla kuthi yinkqubo elizenzekelayo iintlawulo ngekhompyutha. Ngenxa yakhe, umthengi nomthengisi bayakwazi ukunxibelelana ngaphandle iingxaki. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba kuloo meko lokusirhoxisa imali kwi-akhawunti yebhanki ziye ukuchitha intengiselwano enye ngaphezulu.
Ukungaziwa - ingqiqo leyo ethetha ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba kwi intengiselwano isebenze uyimfihlo. Kunokuba mda kunye uyakhumbula. Kwimeko umphathi ubonelela inxaxheba nomabi. Unako, ukuba iimeko ezithile ithotyelwe, ukuba ukuchonga abantu.
party Thembeka - indoda ebizwa ngokuba ngubani zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko kunye ngokuthe ngcembe kulandela inkqubo yonxibelelwano.
imenyu in iziko - usompempe lowo ukuzithemba kwabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba. Uqinisekisa nokuhlonipha abantu bavuma protocol.
Utshaba - ukuba umoni ofuna ukuba ndimaphule umjikelezo osekwe ingxelo ziyimfihlo. Ngokunga gqibekanga, njengoko ziqondeka bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kule nkqubo.
ukuhlala ungaziwa
Makhe sihlolisise le ngesihloko umzekelo olula. anenzondelelo Privacy bayathanda luqale sibengabameli CGI (web okuvota). Akukho mfuneko yokufaka izixhobo elisecaleni ne ucingo intloko yakho uqwalaselo elinzima candelo zekhompyutha le. Kulo mzekelo umsebenzisi nje idlulisela inkcazelo ukuba ufuna ukuya website. Lo msebenzisi yenza isicelo egameni labo, uze iyithumele iinkcukacha emntwini. Kodwa kukho ezinye kwimigibe: Web Proxy unendlela elimangalisayo ukukopa ngokwayo yonke kokudlula ulwazi. Uninzi eli thuba lokuba ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ukuze abasebenzisi abanamava wakhetha ukuba kusetyenziswe iimali ngaphezulu kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo kunokukhokelela Tor. Le nkonzo isebenzisa inkqubo yomgudu multi-umaleko, ebandakanya nomxokelelwane abancedisi proxy. Gcina track of data kunzima ngenxa yezi ndlela zamakhondo okufunda eyayizalwa. Ngenxa lo Tor ibonelela abasebenzisi zayo kumgangatho omkhulu ukhuseleko lwedatha. Nangona kukho ezinye izinto awohluke.
CYPHERPUNK
Eli gama lisetyenziswa ngokunxulumene ebantwini, ingcamango ngehlombe kakhulu azo. abantu abanjalo abancedisi beproxy ngokwaneleyo, kwaye umgangatho wenkonzo ye zokufihlakeleyoComment iinkqubo zawo zokusebenza abonelisekanga. Ngoko ke, bazama ukuphakamisa ukungaziwa ngokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezivulekileyo lokufihla. Ubukhulu becala ke ntliziyo CYPHERPUNK intshukumo. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ezi zinto zidla imibala yeSabelo yezopolitiko. Oku kungenxa yokuba amatshantliziyo ababambelele crypto-anarchism kunye neengcinga ezininzi Libertarian kwezentlalo.
design
Mathematics and zokufihlakeleyoComment ziyajongwa zenzululwazi ezinxulumene, owesibini lulandelayo kuqala. Ukuphuhliswa iindlela ukuze encryption khowudi yasiwa kumbhalo ze data esekelwe kuluhlu olubanzi iindlela algebra. Zonke izenzo oluyimfuneko kwenziwa ngumntu omnye, kodwa ngenxa umda yonke owadalwa imibutho eyahlukileyo.
Ngoko ke, kwimeko yethu, singakwazi Yenza umzekelo Institute of loMbhalo ofihlakeleyo kwi-Federal Service Security nje. Izivumelwano ufihlo eyenziwe nguye zisetyenziselwa zokuhlela data ezibuthathaka, ukufikelela ekufuneka zaveliswa ngenxa kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Nto ayihlekisi - zokufihlakeleyoComment. technology Ulwazi kwakhona Zininzi izinto afana nale nenzululwazi. Kodwa ke kule meko oko kuthetha ufihlo lwe data ngendlela yokuba bakwazi ukufunda ikhompyutha bokwakha ethile. Njengoko ubona, inzululwazi kubomi banamhlanje zihlobene.
isiphelo
Lemihlaba asinto ilula ukuyenza. Kakade ke, unako xa uzonwabele ukudala inkqubo yabo encryption, kodwa hayi yokuba ukuba ube ngaphezulu okanye strong ngaphantsi ukuxhathisa lukhuni iingcali. Ukuba kukho umnqweno ukuqonda iziseko zokufihlakeleyoComment, ungaqalisa necandelo zemathematika. Nangona lula kakhulu umsebenzi wakho uze usebenzise enye iinkqubo ufihlo data evulekileyo abaninzi. Kodwa ke kule meko kuyimfuneko ekukhuliseni umbuzo ngempumelelo labo nokunyusa amazinga nokhuseleko.