Abathetheli kunye nazo izilawuli ze Rus yamandulo kwixesha lahlulelene

Emva kokufa Prince of Kiev Yaroslava Mudrogo ngo-1054 eRashiya sele iqalile inkqubo zakhi phambi kokuba bengatshatanga. iziganeko ezifanayo kwenzeka eNtshona Yurophu. Yaba tyekelo jikelele kumaXesha Aphakathi wobukhosi. Ngokuthe ngcembe, iRussia yahlulahlulwe izilawuli eziliqela de facto ezizimeleyo kunye nezithethe eziqhelekileyo, inkcubeko kunye Rurik Minor. Oko yaqala ngo 1132, xa wafa Mstislav Veliky ukubaluleka lizwe. Yiloo nto ke umhla kokuqalisa mbali zokugqibela bakholelwa ukuqhekeka yangoku yezopolitiko. Kule meko, iRashiya waze phakathi kwenkulungwane XIII, xa ndabona indlela ngokuhlaselwa imikhosi Mongol-Tatar.

umhlaba Kiev

Ekuhambeni kweminyaka, lo ubulawuli weRashiya yamandulo ahlukana, zadityaniswa, ukutshintsha imithetho kwamasebe ye Rurik ubukhosi , njalo njalo. D. Noko ke, nangona ukudideka kwezi ziganeko, kukho izabelo eziliqela ezingundoqo, nto leyo wadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kubomi lizwe. Kwanasemva kokuba ekuweni Rule yale de jure LITHILE Prince abaphezulu Kiev.

Ulawulo "unina izixeko Russian" wayezama ukwakha iintlobo nabalawuli ezithile. Ngoko ke, ukuba fiefdoms of Russia yamandulo efumene ubukhosi bawo ilifa, Kiev amaninzi udlule isandla ngesandla. Emva kokufa Mstislav Vladimirovich ngo-1132 isixeko yaba ngokufutshane ipropati Chernigov Rurik. Ayizange ukulungela amanye amalungu ubukhosi. Ngenxa yeentshaba ezilandelayo Kiev wayeka ulawulo yokuqala Pereyaslav, Turov kunye Vladimir-Volyn ulawulo, kwaye emva koko (ngo-1169) yaye konke baphanga umkhosi Andreya Bogolyubskogo yaye ekugqibeleni baphulukana intsingiselo yalo zezopolitiko.

Chernihiv

Fiefdoms of Russia yamandulo kweli lizwe Chernigov yaba inzala Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych. ekwakukudala aba ezingqubana Kiev. Chernihiv indlu amashumi eminyaka iye yahlulahlulwa ngokwamasebe ezimbini: inzala ka Oleg kunye Davidovich. Nge kwisizukulwana ngasinye kwenzeka fiefdoms ezintsha ngakumbi, chips Chernigov (Sivers'k-Novgorod, Bryanskoye, Kurskoe kunye t. D.).

Umlawuli nto iphawulekayo kulo mmandla-mbali bakholelwa Svyatoslava Olgovicha. Waba njengehlakani Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Nge ababesemsithweni abazayamanisa eMoscow ngo-1147 ukuba uqalisa kuqinisekiswa yeembali imbali kwikomkhulu Russian. Xa Duchy of Russia yamandulo bemanyene ekulweni Mongols Wabonakala empumalanga, abalawuli ezithile amazwe Chernigov wenza kunye nabanye Ruric kunye woyiswa i Kalka River. Ukuhlaselwa emathafeni igalelo hayi lonke ulawulo, yaye inxalenye yayo empumalanga kuphela. Noko ke, wavuma ngokwakhe ekhonza iGolden mkhosi (emva kokufa kabuhlungu Michael of Chernigov). Kwinkulungwane XIV Chernihiv kunye nenani beedolophu ezikufuphi yafakwa Lithuania.

Region Polotsk

Polotsk walawula Izyaslavich (inzala Iziaslav V.). Eli sebe le Rurik wema phambi kwabanye. Ukongeza, i-Polotsk wokuqala Baqala umzabalazo wezigalo inkululeko eKiev. Le yokuqala imfazwe enjalo kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XI.

Njengezinye izilawuli ze Rus yamandulo kwixesha eqhekekileyo, Polotsk ekugqibeleni zahlulwe zaba izilawuli eziliqela amancinci (Vitebsk, Minsk, Drutskiy I T. D.). Ezinye zezi mizi ngenxa yeemfazwe kwemitshato dynastic adluliswe ESmolensk Rurikovich. Kodwa abachasi ingozi Polotsk, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, baba Lithuanians. Ekuqaleni, izizwe lweBaltic abaqalise behlasela karhataka kumhlaba Russian. Emva koko badlulela iinzuzo. Ngowe-1307 Polotsk ekugqibeleni yaba yinxalenye ngamandla litsha Lithuanian.

Volyn

Kwingingqi Volyn (kumzantsi yanamhlanje Ukraine) ukwahlula iziko ezopolitiko ezinkulu ezimbini - Vladimir-Volyn kunye galich. Emva kokuba ngaphandle eKiev, i seLizwe waqalisa bakhuphisane ukuze ubunkokheli kule ngingqi. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XII Roman Mstislavovich united izixeko ezibini. It was ngokuba seLizwe Compostela-Volyn. Impembelelo umlawuli mkhulu kakhulu kangangokuba afihla wabakhupha Crusaders ukusuka eConstantinople of baseByzantium loMlawuli Alexios III.

UNyana Daniel Roman udumo lwakhe ubuKristu impumelelo kayise. Walwa ngempumelelo ngokuchasene nezibonda, Hungarians kwaye Mongols ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha kungena umfela umntu evela kubamelwane. Ngowe-1254 UDaniyeli wada wathabatha Pope isihloko uKumkani eRashiya, ngethemba ukunceda Western Europe ekulweni emathafeni. Emva kokufa kwakhe, lo ubulawuli Compostela-Volyn wawa azisalungiseki. Ekuqaleni, oko yahlulwe yaba iinxalenye eziliqela, yaye emva koko yathathwa Poland. Ukuqhekezwa Russia yamandulo, apho ubulawuli rhoqo babephikisana omnye komnye, gciwane ekulweni kwakhe nxamnye ubungozi.

ESmolensk

ESmolensk ubulawuli ise kwiziko eendawo eRashiya. Waba elizimeleyo xa unyana Mstislava Velikogo Rostislav. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XII le ubulawuli of Russia yamandulo kwakhona yaqalisa usizi eKiev. Eyona contenders esingundoqo samandla kwikomkhulu yamandulo ESmolensk kunye Chernigov abalawula.

Phezulu le inzala amandla Rostislav linokufikeleleka Mstislav Romanovich. Ngowe-1214-1223 gg. walawula kuphela ESmolensk, kodwa Kiev. Yiyo le nkosana yaba umqalisi le manyano lokuqala antimongolskoy abaloyisayo Kalka. Koko ESmolensk ngaphantsi kwe abanye balimala ngexesha lokuhlasela. Noko ke, abalawuli balo imbeko iGolden mkhosi. Ngokuthe ngcembe ubulawuli oluphumayo phakathi impembelelo yande Lithuania kunye eMoscow. Ukuzimela kwiimeko ezinjalo wayengenakuba elide. Ngenxa yoko, ngowe-1404 umthetheli Lithuanian Vytautas ESmolensk eqhotyoshelweyo ngokwendalo impahla yayo.

Lamabutho Eye

ubulawuli Ryazan awuthimba umhlaba kuMbindi Oka. It wema bephuma kummandla zabalawuli Chernigov. Ngowe-1160-sharing ukusuka Ryazan waqhekeza Moore. Mongol ukuhlasela ebuhlungu balixabela buthelezi. Abahlali, iinkosana, nazilawuli laseRashiya yamandulo abazange baqonde usongo olubangelwa bahlaseli eMpuma. Ngowe-1237 wokuqala isixeko Ryazan Russian satshatyalaliswa abahlala emathafeni. Kwixa elizayo, ezi ubulawuli usokoliswa ngamandla obukhulayo eMoscow. Umzekelo, obephethe Ryazan Oleg Ivanovich bezisoloko iqela Dmitriya Donskogo. Ryazan kancane emhlabeni. Kuye yathathwa eMoscow ngo-1521.

Novgorod Republic

ngeke ibe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle ngokukhankanywa Novgorod Republic iimpawu zembali oozilawuli ka Rus yamandulo. Le meko ubomi, iimeko zayo ezithile zezopolitiko nezentlalo. Apha ke kusekwa yalilizwe yeengcungcu kunye impembelelo Chamber ethandwayo. Abathetheli zinyulwe abathetheli (bacelwa abavela kwamanye amazwe Russian).

Inkqubo efana yezopolitiko zikhule Pskov, yayibizwa ngokuba 'lo umninawa ka-Novgorod. " Ezi zixeko zimbini Kumaziko urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Xa kuthelekiswa namanye amaziko Russian lezopolitiko ukuba abafowunelwa abaninzi kunye neNtshona yeYurophu. Emva kokuba aseBalti wathabatha zomkhosi yamaKatolika odolo emishini, phakathi Knights kunye Novgorod waqalisa ukukhuhlana kakhulu. Le umzabalazo ifikelele incopho yayo sharing-1240. Kwaba ngoko ukuba balwa kunye amaJamani yena wamoyisa Prince Alexander Nevsky. Xa phantse wawugqiba umendo ngembali laseRashiya yaMandulo ukuya Grand Duchy of eMoscow, kwiriphabliki wasala yedwa Ivan III. Waloyisa Novgorod ngo-1478.

mpumalanga Russia

La maziko yokuqala ezopolitiko the North-Eastern Russia kwi XI-XII iinkulungwane. baba Rostov, Suzdal kunye Vladimir. It walawula inzala ka Monomakh kunye nonyana wakhe omncinane Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Le ezihlangwini zikayise uAndrew Bogolyubskii kunye Vsevolod Nest Big bya igunya noVladimir ubulawuli, iyenza i sikhulu yomeleleyo Bahlukana Rus.

Xa abantwana Vsevolod Big uJack eqala enkulu imfazwe yamakhaya. Baqala ke ukuba kuvela fiefdoms kuqala. Kodwa kwafika intlekele wokwenene North-Eastern Russia, kunye Mongols. Mbuya ziye zonakalisa kulo mmandla, wayitshisa abaninzi lomzi wabo. Ngexesha ukubola khans ulawulo elaziwayo Vladimir abathetheli abadala lonke eRashiya. Hlela ubambe kwabo bafumana yokurekhoda okhethekileyo.

Kumzabalazo Vladimir bekela utshaba ezintsha ezimbini: yaseTver kunye eMoscow. Kwincopho ngxabano yabo beza ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIV. Kolu khuphiswano umnqobi kwakuba eMoscow. Ngokuthe ngcembe nezikhulu zakhe wajoyina i-North-Eastern Russia, awazibhukuqayo Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe yaye ekugqibeleni kwadala umbuso Russian elidityanisiweyo (lokuqala ukumkani wayo ngo-1547 waba Ivan Grozny).