Imali yeSizwe - umlinganiselo kakuhle-ntle yeli lizwe

Xa Uqoqosho kukho ikho into ingeniso yesizwe. Esi salathisi kwezoqoqosho, leyo olwahlula wokuhlangana ingeniso eyintloko bonke abahlali lizwe. Xa oku salathisi sibalwa njengoko sum of kungekuphela nje ngenxa imisebenzi yezoqoqosho kwimida lizwe, kodwa phesheya (abahlali ingeniso ingqalelo abo baya kwamanye amazwe), kwakunye ingeniso ezihlawulweyo kwamanye amazwe.

imali yeSizwe - isixa kweerisithi lwamazwe eziziiprayimari efakwe kwimveliso wesizwe, kwaye iinzuzo ezithe kufunyenwe imvume ebhaliweyo evela phesheya thabatha mali ibekwe amazwe. Esi salathisi nayo kufundwa udibaniso lwamaxabiso wonke ingeniso (umvuzo, iintlawulo kwizabelo, bonds, nzala iidiphozithi, njl) kumacandelo emveliso eziphathekayo.

Okokuqala cinga ingeniso yesizwe bodwa evela kwimisebenzi yemveliso baba wabaseki Marxism-noLenin. Pervoprohodchikom, i "uyise" zesi salathisi uWilliam Petit - Economist IsiNgesi. Kuphuhliswa ngakumbi Physiocrats zakhe mfundiso, uAdam Smith kunye noDavide Ricardo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho namnye kubo akazange abe namandla ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ingqiqo njengengeniso kazwelonke. Oku kwenziwa kuphela Marx. Yaba nguye lowo waqala akuwuqiqi kuphela ngomvuzo wamalungu onke amacandelo oluntu, kodwa kwakhona kakhulu iindleko imveliso eyenziweyo. Marx waba ngowokuqala ukuba ngokwahlukileyo ingqalelo into efana sephepha-mali yaye into efana-mali abekwe. Kwakhona wanikela inkcazelo epheleleyo isibonisi nganye, echaza umthwalo wabo ezisebenzayo. iimfundiso Legendary uKarl Marx waqhubeka Vladimir Lenin.

Okwangoku, kukho utoliko ezininzi ukugwetywa kwalo abasunguli enkulu, kodwa ke bonke, ekugqibeleni, anentsingiselo efanayo.

imali yeSizwe - umahluko phakathi imveliso net zesizwe irhafu ngqo. Kwakhona apha ekunokuthiwa mali kunye nezibonelelo, ekhutshwe yi ishishini likarhulumente. Ngokufanayo, ke, xa siqwalasela eli nani njengoko imveliso emsulwa yonke le nkampani okanye ixabiso esenziwe ngokutsha. Product National Net (NNP) - into engenayo emele umahluko we wonyaka yesizwe kwingeniso yelizwe, zokuthotywa lokuyimfihlo.

Ukubala ingeniso yesizwe zingasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. indlela yokuvelisa eyasetyenziswa kwi-USSR. Xa idityaniswa imveliso iyonke kushishino nganye, imveliso nganye ezinxulumene iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobumnini. Emva koko, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuba ukubala zonke iindleko eziphathekayo wachitha wemveliso. Ngokuthabatha evela imveliso iyonke yesixa ndifumene iindleko eziphathekayo kwaye afumane ixabiso olifunayo - ingeniso yesizwe. Ifomula sijongeka njengoku:

VP - MZ = ND, apho

VP - isiphumo esibi; MH - iindleko eziphathekayo; ND - bahluphekayo.

Emva kokuhlalutya isebe ngalinye imveliso kunye nokongeza amanani kwesiphumo, uyakwazi ukufumana ingeniso yesizwe eli lizwe.

imveliso Gross, wadala kunyaka iquka iinxalenye ezimbini - imveliso ngokutsha kwaye wadala ngaphambili. Umzekelo, kwi-mveliso, ukuvelisa ifenitshala, cinga izincedisi, iindidi yeekhomponenti ezithelekisekayo ezisetyenziswe ekwenziweni ifanitshala. Kodwa ezi nkcukacha sele ithathelwe ingqalelo kule mveliso. Ngoko ke, xa kubalwa imveliso iyonke ngokubala kunokwenzeka kabini, nto leyo hayi ingeniso kazwelonke (emva kokuba zonke iindleko ngaphandle).