Glomerulonephritis: yokuhlela. Ukudumba nezintso. Kidney ukuhlinza

Ukudumba nezintso, nto leyo luphawulwa umonakalo izixhobo ucoco, amayeza ebizwa ngokuba "glomerulonephritis". ngokuhlelwa ngezifo kuxhomekeke imithombo zesi sifo, ekuhambeni nkcukacha. Kwiimeko ezininzi kule zezifo ezimashakeleyo kidney glomeruli (glomerulus). Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo zophendlo lwezifo singaquka amanye amacandelo zezintso: tubules zeethishu intercellular. Amaninzi, esi sifo olufunyanwa kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-12 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, asimele na ngaphandle ubungozi sifo sele umdala.

Iimpawu zesi sifo

Yintoni glomerulonephritis? Ku va kwezifo eziliqela ezahlukeneyo, ezo ebalasele isifo sezintso arhabaxa. Amaninzi ukuba zibangelwa yi nefuthe elibi zingene umzimba zizifo kunye nomzimba.

Pathology wabonisa glomeruli boyisiwe, tubules sezintso, kunye neempahla. Kukuqalisa iinkcukacha ezingakumbi, nto leyo sisifo yayichukumisa nokwakheka. Glomeruli benza emzimbeni ngomnye weyona misebenzi ibaluleke gqitha. Bona yabonakala nobumdaka, iimveliso ukubola ulwelo abangaphezu kwemfuneko kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo.

Glomeruli ibekwe kumzimba sezintso. Basimisela Sisihloko emithanjeni yohlobo loop. Xa eziphilayo ngesiqhelo esebenzayo igazi ehamba arterioles afferent. Oku ke engena glomerulus kwezintso. Apha, kukho ukuhluza kwaye kwasekwa nomchamo. Yonke inkunkuma, zeenkunkuma ziphelisiwe tubule mochesborny. Ukusuka kwawo ke kungena em- le kidney, uze emva koko - ukuba lwesinye. Blood, nyulu ukusuka ubumdaka abangafunwayo efferent arteriole amagqabi glomerule.

A umfanekiso ngandlel uyabonakala xa umntu kukhulisa glomerulonephritis. Le ngezifo luphawulwa ukwanda sezintso patency lokucoca ulwelo. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi efunekayo yenziwa hayi ngokupheleleyo. Umchamo zinokungena izakhiwo ezinkulu: protein, iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Kwaye la macandelo zibalulekile umzimba. Ukuqhubela phambili le sifo kukhokelela kukwehla yokusulungekiswa igazi. izinto kwemfuneko cerebrospinal kunye eziyingozi akukho salawo aphumayo.

Ngokufuthi sifo isekelwe phezu indlela ephilayo izifo okanye allergies ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, isifo samathambo. Kulo mzekelo, esi sifo senzeka kwi kidney umonakalo antibodies alo.

Ezibangela isifo

Kutheni kwenzeke glomerulonephritis? Classification luxhomekeke ngandlel kwi unobangela sifo.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo eyona mithombo iphambili glomerulonephritis:

1. usuleleko Streptococcal. Le iza yeyona sifo ixhaphakileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, nomonakalo wezintso nomsindo unyango ngokungafanelekanga tonsils streptococcal. Ukuze aphilise le ngezifo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ayayigqiba ikhosi epheleleyo ye antibiotics amiselwe ngugqirha. Bulalani iStreptococcus nezinye iindlela akunakwenzeka. Ukuba inqanaba lesi sifo ayenziwanga nya, ngoko emveni kweentsuku 10-14, ukuze ukuphuhlisa glomerulonephritis etsolo post-streptococcal. Nala umzimba ngezifo ngokwawo uqala ukuhlasela iiseli zezintso.
2. igciwane lohlobo. Kusenokwenzeka ubangele likakade kwesi sifo.
3. Unomkhuhlane. Uyagula nzima kidney komtshiso oko.
4. ngezifo Systemic kwithishyu nokuqina. Engunobangela uphuhliso glomerulonephritis uya kulala isifo samathambo, lupus, polyarteritis periarthritis, vasculitis.
5. izifo ezondeleyo yintsholongwane okanye egazini. Pathology iyakwazi ukuphuhlisa kwi imvelaphi viral hepatitis B no-C, negcushuwa, endocarditis ezosulelayo, imalariya.
6. izifo umzimba. Ngu glomerulonephritis kungabangela amyloidosis, iswekile sinwenwa, nephropathy urate, sifo.
7. Izifo igazi. indima yalo ekuphuhliseni esi sifo lungadlala lymphoma, ezigula ezininzi, leukemia esinganyangekiyo.
8. izinto ezinetyhefu. Yiba umnyele uphuhliso glomerulonephritis abe gwenxa kweziyobisi, iziyobisi kunye notywala; iziphumo umzimba imetyhuri, ilothe, izinyibilikisi, iityhefu ethile (umz, fini, inyoka). Isiseko yimbonakalo sifo banokulala isifo radiation, womelele ugonyo undercooling.

symptomatology kwesifo

Ngamanye amaxesha ngezifo kungaba nazimpawu. Oogqirha bathi phantse isiqingatha izigulane abafunyenwe glomerulonephritis, isifo eshiyekileyo ifunyanwa kuphela axilongwe. Kunye nezigulane bona abakho bazazi uphuhliso emzimbeni yesifo kakhulu kangaka esosulelayo.

Ukuba glomerulonephritis izenza ngokwayo ngayo, iimpawu aya kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Sivakale sidumbile. Kubonakala ebusweni, iinkophe. Ukudumba angenzeka yesiqephu eliphezulu nengasezantsi. mass abadala okubangelwa iimpawu ezinjalo ngamanye amaxesha kwandisa ukuya kwiintsuku 7 25 kg.
2. Oliguria. A ukuncipha okanye ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo umchamo yesigulane.
3. Ukuphelelwa umoya. iimpawu ezinjalo kwemali kakhulu kunokukhokelela nokudumba miphungeni.
4. Hematuria. Umchamo uba bubomvu. Oku isuke bubukho ngegazi kuso.
5. Kwegazi. Nomonde ibuhlungu ukwanda ziqhubeke koxinzelelo.
6. Ubukho iiprothini yokuchama. Oku kubangelwa ngokwanda glomeruli bandwidth ngexesha product igazi.
7. Iqondo ophezulu.
8. Intlungu kule ngingqi empontshwa - abambiseneyo.
9. imvakalelo Ukusoloko lunxano.
10. Ukugabha, phambi isicaphucaphu. Ukungabikho onombilini.

Kwaye ngoku khangela yintoni na kukho iintlobo enjalo ezimbi njenge glomerulonephritis.

nokubekwa kwezifo

Pathology wahlulwe ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho ezininzi ukuhlela yayo.

Ngoko ke, khumbula izizathu zokuba kutheni kukho glomerulonephritis. Ukuhlelwa sifo kwi imbonakalo imithombo aya kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. glomerulonephritis Primary. Izintso bachatshazelwa ngenxa yeemeko izifo.
2. Secondary. Kugula kuphuhliswa ngokuchasene nentsukaphi ezingaqhelekanga ezikhoyo emzimbeni.

Ngokutsho percolation uhlobo sifo ingaba:

• ibukhali - kutshanje kwaphakama;
• subacute - ngezifo ithatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ezimbalwa;
• ezingapheliyo - ukugula yayiqhubeka kangangonyaka, yaye maxa wambi elide.

Ngokutsho ubungakanani yokukhululwa:

• inkqubo ehlasela equka inkqubo lokucoca lonke;
• isifo focal.

uhlobo sifo

Ngenxa yobume impawu, oogqirha Cazulula sifo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. ifomu angasebenzi. Le leengxaki lwenzeka emfihlekweni. Isigulane impawu episodic zingacimeka. Ngokufuthi, le fomu uphawu lohlobo subacute.
2. Nokungazinzi koqoqosho. Luphawulwa nangokurhala yayiyazi. Isigulane uneempawu kakhulu. Njengomgaqo, kuza ibuyambo ekhawulezileyo. Noko ke, le fomu kubuye.

imihlobo zokugula

Enye iimpawu eziphambili sifo ithathwa ifomu clinical. Ukuphuculwa sifo lwenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo symptomatology ezikhoyo.

Ngokusekelwe iimpawu iimpawu zezi ntlobo zilandelayo glomerulonephritis:

1. Nephrotic. Ukudumba Ubonakala.
2. Hematuric. Le nkqubo yokukrala kudityaniswe utshintsho kwangumqondiso kwi yokuchama. Proteinuria, hematuria ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo.
3. Unesifo. ngendlela eyingozi. Lubonakala nokunyuswa ziqhubeke koxinzelelo. Ingenza iingxaki ezibangelwa lwegazi.
4. Mixed. Kule fomu ye nephrotic-unesifo indibanisela kweempawu. Pathology kwahlukile kakhulu abantu abane olihlwempu.

Kukho nenye Ukuhlelwa - iimpawu morphological:

1. segmental Focal ukudumba glomerular. Kuba pathology luphawulwa emithanjeni olukhawulezayo sclerosis sezintso.
2. nephritis Mesangioproliferative. Lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo kwesi sifo. Le ngezifo luphawulwa iidipozithi of izakhiwo omzimba ngamagciwane athile omzimba.
3. nephropathy Membranous. Anquma iindonga capillary glomerular ziquka umonakalo proteinaceous waveza.
4. glomerulonephritis Mesangiocapillary. Abasebenzi baboniswa glomeruli inyama sclerosis kwentamo. Ngenxa yoko, indawo ehlanganisa iiseli. Pathology nesimo ezahlukeneyo ezingalunganga.

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha kwezinye iintlobo.

umbono yayiyazi

Le pathology iqala ngesiquphe kwaye kaninzi nomqondiso. glomerulonephritis Acute kwentamo luphawulwa ifiva, gipostenuriey, polturiiey kunye hematuria, ubukho iqolo. Le ngezifo ingaba yintsholongwane, oyidlayo, omzimba okanye egazini.

ifomu subacute

Pathology inomnye igama - glomerulonephritis amabi. Lubonakala luphuhliso olukhawulezayo. Ogulayo iimpawu ezifanayo kuhlobo oyingozi.

Nangona kunjalo, zonke iimpawu zesifo ucaca ngakumbi:

• ayanda;
• nokunciphisa ubungakanani umchamo;
• intloko ebuhlungu;
• pallor;
• ukuphelelwa umoya;
• kombala umchamo;
• yobuthathaka;
• iyangongoza;
• kontanga.

Ukugula axilonge uvavanyo igazi, umchamo.

glomerulopathy membranous

Kuba le fomu luphawulwa ukuqina kwentamo le capillary ndizayo glomerular. Amaninzi, le ngezifo ezinxulumene nosulelo. Ngaba usesichengeni kwesi sifo iintlobo zabantu. Baye glomerulonephritis membranous ephawuleka isiqalo kade. Ukongeza, esi sifo sikhatshwa syndrome nephrotic kunye proteinuria.

Le ngezifo ukuze nzima insufficiency ezondeleyo kwezintso, thrombosis lwemithambo, ngenxa esinokubangela thromboembolism peripheral.

unyango lwesifo

Ukuphelisa esi sifo kwenziwa unyango olubanzi ehlanganisa:

• imithi;
• ukunamathela ukutya engqongqo (Itheyibhile № 7a);
• alale (kulo mkhuba oyingozi okanye flow).

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi ndlela uvumele wena ukhethe ngokukhawuleza ambambe indlela zale sifo. Kamva, isigulana kukhethiwe unyango unciphiso.

Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sifo sizibonakalisa yi kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, ihaemodialysis isigulane wabelwa. Oku ukukhusela isigulana kwiingxaki ezimandundu esi sifo. isixhobo Special, ebizwa i "kidney ngumntu", wenza ukuhlanjululwa igazi iikhompawundi ezingenabungozi, ulwelo abangaphezu kwemfuneko kunye electrolytes. Kucetyiswa abo izigulane kuba ababengazazi izilonda zokubonisana kuphuhliswa insufficiency sezintso kwifomu ezigulo ezondeleyo.

Kidney ukuhlinza

glomerulonephritis Chronic kungakhokelela iziphumo kunokuba ebuhlungu. Enye yazo ukusilela kwezintso. Ke ukuba sikwinqanaba lokuqala (ngeendlela ezimbini inkqubo) kunceda izixhobo 'ngumntu kidney ", ngoko ke inkqubo isebenza ngokukhawuleza umba Ukufakelwa liphume. Ihlala kuhlwayelwe umzimba womntu afunyenwe kwi-mali.

Kidney utyando lwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba uviwo ngokucokisekileyo isigulane. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abohlukeneyo uye Izimo yayo. Ukongezelela, iingxaki ezinokuvela kunye nokukhethwa onikela sezintso.