Imali yaseMariinsky yindawo ejulile emhlabeni

Ihlabathi elwandle linomdla kakhulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha izinto eziyimfihlelo. Umsele waseMariinsky, owaziwa nangokuthi "i-Mariana Trough", ngumgubo omkhulu kumgangatho weLwandle lwasePacific. Le yindawo enzulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ubude bayo buyi-1.5 km.

Ngeprofayili yayo yejometri, ifana neleta yesiLatini V. Ububanzi bezantsi - ukusuka kwesinye nesiqingatha ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezintlanu. Ummandla wonke wezantsi uhlukaniswe kwiindawo ezincinci ezihlukeneyo ukuya kwiindawo ezininzi ezikude. Ubunzulu bu malunga neekhilomitha ezili-11!

Ephantse ngaphantsi, uxinzelelo luyi 108.6 MPa, elingaphezu kwewaka eliphindwe kumawaka angaphezu kwesilinganiso seLwandle lwasePacific. Umsele waseMariinsky ngokwawo wakhiwa ngenxa yesigqibo samacwecwe aphezulu amakhulu e- tectonic, emngceleni okhoyo kuwo.

Okokuqala ukuzama ukuphanda le ndawo emangalisa yenziwe yiqela leNgqungquthela yesiNgesi i-Challenger, eyenza ukulinganisa okucwangcisiweyo kwezantsi. Igalelo elikhulu ekufundweni kwendawo ekubhekiselwe kuyo yenziwe ngabaososayensi baseSoviet, kwaye kamva ngabahlobo babo baseRussia.

Nangona uninzi lwezilingo, uMariinsky Basin uhleli nanamhlanje enye yezinto ezincinci ezifundwayo ze-Ocean World: izinto ezininzi ezikufutshane kwendawo ziphandwa kangcono.

Ngowe-1958, izazinzulu zaseSoviet zazinzisa ukuba kwindawo engaphezulu kwe-7 km kukho ubomi. Ngowe-1960, amaFrentshi athunyelwa kwindawo yokungena kwi-bathyscaphe yabo entsha "Trieste". Uphando lubandakanya uPalard noJacques-Yves Cousteau.

Kodwa ukunyaniseka kokuqala kwakunqunywe yi-American expedition. Ukusuka kwinqanawa ethi "iGlomar Challenger" uphando "i-hedgehog" yanciphisa. Iyure emva kokuhamba, ii-microphones zokurekhoda zaqala ukuhambisa ingxolo ebusweni, ngokukhunjulwa ngokukhumbuza ukusebenza kweso.

Iikhamera ezixhomekeke ezinzulwini. Izazinzulu azizange zithande ingcamango yokuba izixhobo ezizimeleyo zinokunyamalala kwi-Mariana Trench, ngoko ke ukuphakama okukhawulezayo kwaqaliswa.

Ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe, "i-hedgehog" yakhuliswa ngeeyure ezisibhozo. Kwaye kwavela ukuba imimandla eqine kakhulu ye-cobalt-titanium yesakhiwo yonakalisiwe, kwaye ikhefu esuka kwi-alloy ekhethekileyo yensimbi yayisigxina. Ngubani na onokuyilungisa into enjalo engummangaliso. Iingcali zenzululwazi zashicilele ingxelo malunga nale siganeko ngo-1996. Ungayibona kwiphephandaba iThe New York Times.

Ingaba iMariinsky ingabonakaliswa, ubunzulu bayo bubangelwa ingcamango, ukufihla kwidokodo lazo eziphilayo ezinkulu kunye ezinamandla? Ukuphanda ubunzulu obunzima kakhulu, kuba uxinzelelo olunzulu luyakwazi ukuchoboza isakhiwo esinye okanye esingaphantsi kwekhekhe. Kuze kube ngowe-1958, uluntu lwabafundi lukholelwa ukuba kwiqondo elingaphaya kweekhilomitha ezingama-6, ubomi obungundoqo akunakwenzeka.

Kwaye kwavela ukuba kwindawo enzonzobiliso yamanzi iphila nge-pogonophores. Luhlobo lwe-invertebrate yolwandle olubonakaliswa ngokuhlala kwizibhanki ezinqamlekileyo ze-chitin, ukondla kwiindawo ezisezantsi. Ubuqhetseba babo bobuxoki kwinto yokuba ubomi nokuphuhliswa kwezi zidalwa azidingeki ukukhanya kwelanga. Kodwa kutheni ama-invertbrates afuna "ukusika" iintambo? Okanye ngaba bebengabo?

Ngaloo ndlela, i-Mariinsky edibeneyo, iifoto zazo ezichazwe kwinqaku, linye yeendawo ezimangalisayo emhlabeni.