Iinjongo kunye nemigaqo semgangathweni kwi indlela nokufezekisa qhinga sophuhliso ezintsha

Underestimation kwendima lweenkonzo lomenzi kunye nokupapasha kuphuhliso nokuphunyezwa kwe izicwangciso ezintsha zophuhliso kakubi echaphazela ukhuphiswano kunye nokwandiswa kweemalike zeempahla neenkonzo, oko kukhokelele ilahleko amazwe kwiteknoloji zorhwebo. Eli lizwe izivumelwano mvume jikelele phakathi kwezigqeba zasekhaya kwezoqoqosho, kwaye inani elincinane kuphela amazwe ico. Intengiso mvume kwimizimveliso kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho okanye ephantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-1% ye-contract), okanye azikho kwaukubakho. Kulo kulandela ukuba umnini patent awukwazi ukuthengisa okanye iziphumo umsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni okanye icebo yabo asithotyelwa kunye nemigaqo esisiseko standardisation, iimveliso musa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ngabathengi.

Kuba intengiso ngempumelelo mvume kufuneka, ngokwelona nqanaba lisezantsi, uvavanyo lobuchule (zobugcisa) kunye noqoqosho Iziphumo R & D kunye izinto zadalwa kwi kwisifundo waphawula ukuba imigaqo zabo lemveliso of standardisation, ukufumaneka iisampuli eveliswe babonise parameters zabo, umbutho intengiso kunye PR-amaphulo, ukucinga kanye ekumiseni abafowunelwa kunye abathengi ezinokubakho, amava thethwano yobugcisa kunye nezorhwebo. Yenza wonke umsebenzi nokuthengiswa mvume kunokwenzeka ngaphandle koncedo iingcali hayi: iinjineli patent, lezentengiso, amagqwetha, abacebisi ulawulo kunye nezinye iingcali epropathi enomgangatho abayaziyo imithetho-siseko emgangathweni kunye nokuthengisa ngamazwe.

Kuxhomekeka isicwangciso seshishini lombutho (qhinga zobunkokeli, ukuphucula isicwangciso, isicwangciso sophuhliso ngokukhawuleza iimarike ezintsha, isicwangciso olutsha uphuhliso lwemveliso, isicwangciso ukohlulwa , njl) kuyimfuneko ukuba imodeli ulawulo ngokwaneleyo ukuphunyezwa kwayo, nto leyo eya kuthatha ngokungqongqo ingqalelo iinjongo zorhwebo yangoku nemigaqo umgangatho weemveliso.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, le modeli ekulawuleni uphuhliso lwemveliso entsha kuquka izigaba eziliqela, kodwa inyathelo ukuqinisekisa kule modeli ke uphuhliso lwengqiqo imveliso entsha, nto leyo ibandakanya iimpawu zayo acwangcisiweyo kunye neenjongo ingqiqo, uqikelelo lokuqala izibonelelo ezifunekayo, uhlalutyo nemiqobo yokungena, uvavanyo imali. Ingcinga kufuneka lusekelwe kulwazi oluthembekileyo, kungenzeka yokubonelela iingenelo, izinga ngokwanelisa iimfuno zemarike, eli xabiso ulibonayo ekulindeleke, iimpawu iimarike ezinokwenzeka.

iinketho Study kuba ingqiqo, uvavanyo kunye nokukhethwa kakhulu efanelekileyo (ngokwale meko, kungekhona siseko emgangathweni abaneemfaneleko ngabathengi aye anyhashwa) ufuna ulwazi olunzulu patent kunye nophando kwimarike, izifundo zovavanyo ukwenzeka, semthethweni izimvo kunye izinto zadalwa. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isigqibo ukuvelisa imveliso entsha.

Ngomhla izigaba zophuhliso kunye nedilesi umfuniselo nokuqinisekisa imiba yesazisi yomnini ngeziphumo zophando kunye nophuhliso, kwakunye nokwabiwa kwamalungelo kubo phakathi abaxumi, abatyali-zimali, amagcisa kunye nababhali lwezinto kunye noyilo mveliso. Ngaxeshanye, ukufunda patent kwezisombululo zobugcisa kwaye enze kokuqamba wadala nezorhwebo. Xa ukwabiwa kwamalungelo obunini kushicilelo nokuthengiswa komsebenzi, njengoko umthetho, athathele ingqalelo ubume izivumelwano, igalelo nxaxheba ngamnye kwindalo, ukhuselo lomthetho kunye nemveliso loshishino imveliso entsha, izityholo nokubandakanyeka ukusetyenziswa yorhwebo. Kwezi zigaba yenziwa uhlahlelo imeko lemarike, inqanaba lobuchule yovavanyo kunye netheknoloji imveliso entsha, gqibezela izicwangciso izigaba ezilandelayo. Imveliso kwanolungiso lomgaqo kwase sikhatshwa lihlole lomenzi ukucoceka imveliso entsha, uvavanyo kulo uyithobele njani na imithetho kunye nemigaqo semgangathweni, uhlolo iindleko eziqikelelweyo imveliso yawo kunye neentengiso,-hlengiso qhinga sentengiso.

Isigaba sokugcina wokwenziwa i batch umfuniselo uvavanyo entsha market imveliso, ubhaliso bophawu. iimvavanyo Market kusenza sikwazi ukubona ukuba imveliso uyahlangabezana parameters ebekwe phantsi nophuhliso lwengqiqo, kwakunye neemfuneko zokhuseleko kunye nokusingqongileyo. Eyona njongo yale nqanaba - ukufumanisa imfuno, intengiso, umgaqo kunokwenzeka amaxabiso.

Ngokutsho iziphumo kwemarike livavanya isigqibo malunga lombutho imveliso lezibuko azimisele ngabathengisi izinto kunye namasebe, izitifiketi imveliso entsha, elikhankanyiweyo iithagethi intengiso, ibonisa iimarike zorhwebo ethile, udala inkqubo yenkonzo.

Xa nqanaba ukuphunyezwa zorhwebo lwenziwa kwakhona kuphononongwa ngamathuba yokuthengisa mvume enxulumene sidalwe yokusebenza le ezintsha projekthi ubuchwepheshe bale mihla.

Kakade ke, lo imodeli ulawulo ezintsha obunini kushicilelo nokuthengiswa komsebenzi ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo zombutho (uphando, uyilo, iinkampani zoshishino, iifem ezincinane ezintsha, njalo njalo. P.), I-qhinga umnyulwa, amathuba ngokwasengqondweni, ubume besebe, capital investment kunye nezinye izinto. Ukongeza, imfuneko ukuxhasa uphuhliso ezintsha kwezibonelelo (ochaphazelekayo imibutho, iziseko, amaziko), ukwakhiwa iimeko zivuma (imithetho nemimiselo, inkqubo yerhafu) ukukhuthaza ushishino.