Foreign kunye zasekhaya Politika Ryurika. Imvelaphi Kievan Rus.

Riurik (walawula 862-879) - zizakubalulwa Slavic Prince ukuba iingcambu Norman. Owaseka i Rurik ubukhosi, nto leyo kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi walawula Rus. Enye amanani kakhulu zembali: ezininzi izibakala ngobomi bakhe nangoku ingaziwa.

Esakhula

Umhla ochanileyo wokuzalwa ubalulekileyo ayaziwa. mbali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba oku kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka 806 no 808 kwisixeko lweBaltic Rarog. I-Danish ukumkani Gottfried, behlaselwa emhlabeni, uyise hung Rurik - Prince Godolyuba. Unina Umila, intombi Gostomysl, kunye nabantwana abancinane wemka ekhaya waza wabalekela ekuthinjweni. Xa sithe isikhulu elizayo uguga, yena umninawa wakhe wabhaptizwa kwinkundla yokumkani amakhosi evela kwisihloko sakhe nelizwe ibhaso. Enyanisweni, waba ngumlawuli kummandla ecaleni iElbe, endingowakhe ngakumbi kuyise, kodwa wamalungelo wayenguphum kuphela.

Amakhosi Empire ngeli xesha utyiwa imbambano. Ngenxa yoko, le mpi elandelayo emkhosini Rurik baphulukana ilizwe labo. Ucatshukiswe ukumkani, waya abalindi Varangian. Ukususela ngoko, yaba nkulu intiyo awamthiya yonke into enxulumene naloo mntu kwakunye norhulumente, leyo wakwazi. Ithandeka isikhulu wayeze unqulo ozibiza yi-Franks. Babhaptizwe, Rurik wanyathelwa ngamandla izinto ezingcwele ukholo, ngoko abantu bambiza ngokuba "isibetho ubuKristu."

imvelaphi

Rurik (walawula 862-879) ushiye uphawu yayo kwimbali. Kodwa kwanabo bakugqala ngumntu wokwenene, wayengakuqondi ngokwenene ngemvelaphi yomntu. Ababhali-mbali ukuxhasa theory Norman, yithini, Rurik kunye nomfazi wakhe - Vikings zohlobo weza evela yaseScandinavia. Njengokuba ubungqina umsulwa, bahlawula ingqalelo etymology kwegama kwenene, eyinxulumanisa Latin "iRex" - ukumkani, umlawuli. Kwaye mhlawumbi oku kuyinyaniso, ngokuba le mihla igama Rurik kangaka kumazwe Nordic: Sweden eFinland.

West lenqaba amarhamente thiyori bakholelwa ukuba iingcambu Rurik xa sivela Obodrits kwisizwe ababezibiza reregami - ookhetshe. Yaye libhekisela "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", nto leyo kwathiwa: ngo-862 krivichi kunye Ilmen nokuxubana bengakwazi bengavumelani kwaye ukukhetha nomlawuli omnye. Ukuthintela kwegazi ngokungeyomfuneko, babuya kubazalwana babo Slavic Rurik. Yena nabazalwana bakhe beza Novgorod wafika etroneni: zangaphandle nangaphakathi Politika Ryurika ngexesha elifanayo saba uphawu yasemkhosini. Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi inkosana ilungelo baqalisa Staraya Ladoga kunye Novgorod lakhiwa kwiminyaka nje embalwa. Le mbono ixhaswa yi buza zakudala "Rurik zokuhlala."

Domestic Rjurika (short)

Xa umcimbi ubuncwane enjalo, njengoko abaphathi amandla amakhulu, ugxininiso ekomelezeni inkosana wenza ilizwe lakhe, ukoyisa igunya kunye nentlonipho. ngenene Its wesaba babemjonga, njengoko ukumelwa abantu abaqhelekileyo, waba inkosana lindi obungqabangqaba, nayo lo Politika Ryurika lwangaphakathi. Le theyibhile ingezantsi ibonisa indlela eziphambili kwamandla karhulumente Rurik.

Undwendwe engamenywanga emntwini Rurik wabangela zokonganeliseki of izinduna zasekuhlaleni kunye nezidwangube, ngubani ngokwabo wayefuna ukuba athathe isihlalo sobukhosi. Ngoko ke eziqhubekayo flash Wesuka ngoku uze kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ubulawuli, kodwa ke irhuluneli ngoko nangoko isandla sakhe esithe nkqi zicinezelwa neemvukelo ngumsindo. Waqhubeka ukufaka izixeko Russian ezintsha izizwe ezingabamelwane: Rurik wavuka kangaka Kiev, apho waba Askold kunye Dir.

angaphandle

Xa kwisixeko esilikomkhulu Kiev, inkosana wayeyithanda ubuhle kunye namandla alo. Kwafuneka iliso lakhe phezu kweengqukuva weRashiya, ngoko ukufaka le kudla kamva wayalela lonke amazwe Politika Ryurika. Le theyibhile ibonisa kithi-ekuthiwa indlela apho nolwalamano phakathi umthetheli naseKiev.

Foreign kunye zasekhaya Politika Ryurika bugwetyelwe. Wayengomnye bokuqala wavakalisayo Russia kwibakala lehlabathi.

Ngelishwa, eli bali waphula Rurik ngo-879. ikhuni Okulandelayo uchola Prince Oleg, abantu uWele Lesiprofeto ngubani ngenkuthalo ilifa ibhodi Rurik, adlise ubomi zonke izicwangciso unesibindi komanduleli wakhe.

abalandeli

Foreign kunye zasekhaya Politika Ryurika yayijonge ekuqiniseni amandla mazwe Russian kwalo ukubusa. Ngonyaka 870 amabini iimanyano zadalwa South - vuphukuphuku ku eKiev, kwakunye North - kunye kumbindi Novgorod. Kwisixeko wokuqala walawula Askold kunye Dir, elinesibini - Rurik. Ukubhubha, wabanika izintso igunya ezandleni isalamane esikude, Oleg. Endaphathiswa Kwakhona naye kunye yokunyamekela unyana wakhe oselula Igor, owathi kamva waba Duke Grand.

Oleg ikwaze izizwe Ulichi kunye Drevlyane. Wajoyina Kiev eRashiya, ehleli phaya izithethe zobuhedeni. Emva koko ke ndaya Byzantium baza basayina isivumelwano ohlawulayo, leyo zandiswa kwisigaba ifuthe kuye kwavula amathuba amatsha zabathengisi Russian. Russia sele iqabane epheleleyo bukhosi. Emva Oleg weza etroneni unyana ka Rurik - Igor. Eli xesha yayingazinzanga: kwakukho noqhankqalazo neziphithiphithi. Kodwa ke umthetheli wenza yomelele kakhulu eyandulela wakhe; asoloko ohlohliweyo ukwenza iintsomi, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulisa amandla endawonye.

Rurik: indima kwimbali

Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe emazweni Russian landa kakhulu ngenxa kwintsimi Finnish oyiswe. Ubume be-Russia nazo ziquka izizwe eMpuma nokuxubana. Ngoku la zonke izizwe inkolo eqhelekileyo, ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko, namasiko kunye nezithethe. Le umfutho yokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi uluntu sibumbane zibe bengatshatanga kunye umlawuli sole sabaphathi ecacileyo. Rurik lo mlawuli akazange. Kodwa uye wadala zonke iimeko ngenxa yokuba baqonda ukuba eli phupha yokwenene. Kwaba naye baqala nokudalwa Kievan Rus, ulwakhiwo ngaphakathi kwayo imizi emikhulu, ukuphucula ubomi babantu abaqhelekileyo. Foreign kunye zasekhaya Politika Ryurika yachuma. Ekubeni yaqala imbali ezukileyo uhlobo Rurik - okokuqala kwimbali Russian autocrats ubukhosi.

Ubomi Rurik - libali umntu elula lokuphumelela, ungowasemzini, ngubani kubanjwa igunya nje kuphela, kodwa wakwazi kuyibamba ezandleni zenu, ukomeleza impembelelo karhulumente kwi mephu kwezopolitiko zehlabathi. Yiyo le nkosana wabeka isiseko esinamandla eyomeleleyo, leyo unanamhla yi Russian.