Iinjini thermal. Types of engines ubushushu

Ubushushu injini - umatshini owenza umsebenzi ngokuthi kusetyenziswe amandla amafutha. Lo matshini busebenza injini enjalo, iguqula amandla thermal zibe mechanical kwaye isebenzisa nokwandiswa kweziyobisi uxhomekeko ixabiso lobushushu.

I yokuqala injini ubushushu ukuvela kwi uBukhosi baseRoma. It has omlilo turbine lwangaphandle osebenza ngomphunga. Kodwa ngenxa eliphantsi ubugcisa, zange ziphuhliswe wayila. Inkqubela yokuba impembelelo yaye kungekudala ulibele. Kamva, e China kwakukho inkanunu wompu kunye kwazo irula. Yaba isixhobo elula. Kweli qela ubuchwephetshe bokuba ngumgubo akazange shushu injini rocket, kodwa ngokwembono kuyinto injini ubushushu. Sele ngenkulungwane ye-17, izazinzulu ziye wazama ukuba zizakhele injini ubushushu esekelwe umpu umgubo.

Types of engines ubushushu

I-thermal iinjini omlilo zangaphandle:

1. Stirling Injini - isixhobo oshushu apho sukube okanye engamanzi ukusebenza medium kwenza intshukumo kwiindawo avalelwe. Esi sixhobo sisekelwe phezu kobubi ngamaxesha kunye ubushushu kulwelo ukusebenza. Xa oku olwenziwe amandla kwenzeka xa umthamo ukusebenza komzimba. injini Stirling ungenza sinokubanamandla nguye nawuphi na umthombo ubushushu.

2. iinjini Steam. inzuzo zazo eziphambili - kuba lula kunye neempawu imoto yekhethelo, aluchaphazeli yokusebenza. Ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba ngaphandle gearbox. Le injini ithelekiseka ukusuka injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi xa ingadumeli eliphantsi khupha amandla ayonelanga. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-injini sele lula isetyenziswe motor traction. Ilishwa: ukusebenza phantsi, isantya ephantsi, njalo ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye amafutha, ubunzima obukhulu. Phambi kokuba injini aba injini kuphela. Kodwa bafuna elininzi amafutha kunye yingqele ebusika. Emva koko, ke baye indawo Motors, iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi, injini umphunga kunye negesi, apho abe compact, ngaphezulu ukusebenza, nsimbi kunye nokusebenza.

Ekutshiseni engines yokutsha:

1. ICE (omela injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi), - injini, leyo ngexesha lokusebenza, inxalenye amafutha ovuthayo iguqulelwa amandla. Buyisela iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi ayashiyana uhlobo amafutha (gas kunye ulwelo) yomjikelo umsebenzi (kwiikhosi zeeveki ezimbini ukuya inxeba ezine), yi indlela yokulungiselela ngomxube yokusebenza (પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi, iinjini diesel), uhlobo ukuguqulwa eneji (injini odityanisiweyo, piston kunye izidubuli). I-injini yokuqala lwangaphakathi ukutsha kokusungulwa yaphuhliswa E. Lenoir ngo-1860. Umjikelo yokusebenza iqulathe imivumbo ezine, ngenxa yesi sizathu, eli injini ukwabizwa ngokuba i-stroke ezine. Okwangoku, le injini ixhaphake kakhulu ngeemoto.

2. A rotary injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi. Ngokomzekelo, kukho isikhululo ubushushu zombane yokusebenza isiseko kunye nencopho iindlela. Olu hlobo injini ilula kwaye kudalwa na ubukhulu. Endaweni Pistons kusetyenziswa plane ejikelezayo ukwigumbi ekhethekileyo. Kulo nemifula indawo ezithengisa, kunye plug yintlantsi. Kule hlobo uyilo lomjikelo-stroke ezine lwenziwa ngaphandle ixesha. In a rotary injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi ungasebenzisa i amafutha cheap. Naye ngokoqobo zidala intlokoma, axabisa kwaye ikhuselekile ukuba kuveliswe ngaphezu injini piston ubushushu.

3. Rocket nobushushu jet iinjini. Undoqo zezi zixhobo kukuba ukuwutyhalela wadala hayi yi Screw, kunye owenza greenhouse zeemoto kwe-injini. Ngaba ukwenza iminqweno esithubeni ngaphandle emoyeni. Kukho eqinileyo, engamanzi kunye hybrid).

Kwaye ke zenyathi yokugqibela - a injini turboprop ubushushu. Ukudalwa amandla kwenzeka ngenxa Screw kwaye ngenxa nefuthe iigesi zeemoto.