"Banyebeleza" ubugcisa. Lo moya F-117A, C-37 "Golden Eagle" kunye nezinye

Russia sele kudala ulwa eUnited States ephambili ekudaleni kwenkulungwane karma amabini ananye, edibanisa neempawu supermanevrennoy supersonic ukulwa lwezithuthi "banyebeleza" ubugcisa. -Moya, nto leyo uneempawu ezinjalo, kufuneka zizisulu radar kanye iindlela infrared lokuqaphela. Ukwakhiwa ukulwa elizayo ezifana nje akwazi ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza imikhosi umoya wesizwe, kodwa kwakhona ukunika ingxabano enamandla ukhuphiswano emarikeni iingalo ehlabathini.

De kwaba kutshanje, ezi zikhokelela abenzi agcina design and moya kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba zidibene omnye imoto ukulwa umoya iimpawu ziphikisana ezo aspect lobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu koko, iRussia wahlala ikakhulu kwindima zokuleqa ixesha ekuphulukenwe nalo. Idibanisa zonke ezi mpawu, "banyebeleza" inqwelomoya wakha nobuchwepheshe kufuneka abe inqala ezinkulu zokujongana nemiba eyahlukeneyo neAfrika.

Umzekelo, mig-29 yaphuhliswa lokusabela ngokwaneleyo ekuyilweni American F-18 umlweli, kunye Su-27 yaba uhlobo counterweight F-15. Nangona yonke le mifuziselo ngexesha zaba idabi lokwenene kunye inkqubela enkulu kummandla eyama iimfundiso mihla zifuna uphuhliso ukulwa ngokwesiseko entsha, edibanisa iimpawu yokusebenza egqwesileyo kunye nobugcisa "cwaka". Lo moya, ukwakhiwa esekelwe kwi ingqiqo enjalo, akufuneki kuphela kufumaneka radars, kodwa ilifa iimpawu uphume emininzi supersonic kunye ukulwa isithuthi.

moya American ezingabonakaliyo "banyebeleza» F-117 ebengenako ukuzisa abayili zabo injongo oyifunayo. Lo matshini has a yokusebenza moya eqhelekileyo kakhulu kwaye akwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba amadabi emoyeni enkulu. United States Air Force ukuba sichithe imali ezinkulu mali ukwenzela uphuhliso olusebenzayo ngokwenene yaye ayibonakali radar ezinamaphiko irhamncwa. Noko ke, kufutshane nokuzalisekisa kwalo msebenzi, bakwazi kuphela ekwindla ka-1997, xa saqala kuvavanyo F-22 "Oluhlala".

Kodwa ke eli xesha abenzi moya American akwazi ukubala phezu komthombo olungenamiqathango. Ekubeni Sukhoi waqalisa moya umatshini uvavanyo S-37 "Berkut 'kwiiveki nje ezimbini emva kontanga yayo. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi onegunya iingcaphephe zomkhosi, lo umlweli Russian kakhulu awongamileyo "Umzingeli", ikakhulu ngenxa kufikelela ephikweni ekhethekileyo phambili-kutshayelwa. Konke oku bazisa ukhuphiswano ubunjineli neteknoloji ukuze umjikelo omtsha we ngxabano.

Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi ukuba ukumbamba Iraq amasimi ioli, efuna igama "Desert Storm", US amagosa omkhosi ngokungakhathali wancoma yenkampani moya F-117A "Lockheed". Ezi "ghost black" wenza behlasela eziliqela emibi Baghdad, zokuzikhusela umoya Iraq akwazi ukubona kwi izikrini of radars zabo. Lo moya "cwaka", nto leyo ibonisa umfanekiso geometry olucokisekileyo imoto, waye waba ngumfuziselo iinzame nyaka-amashumi iinjineli American ukuphuhlisa le iteknoloji.

Emva ngo-1962 inkampani "Lockheed 'izame ukwenza moya lahlukile A-12. Ekuqaleni, ezi nzame ziye ukuba zalandela isiphumo oyifunayo. Uyakwazi Ndisakhumbula-moya "lahlukile", lo kwesimo odumileyo emoyeni eli xesha SR-71, got igama lakhe "Black Bird" ngenxa umbala sihambisane ukutyabeka ekhethekileyo elenza amaza erediyo. Xa ebutsheni boo-1970, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo ubuchwepheshe be-computer kunye lwenkqubo ukubhabha kwabonakala ithuba umzekelo computer. Ekubeni umatshini iyilelwe, nto leyo yaba radiozametnost ubuncinane. Sele 1975, inkampani "Lockheed" abayili ndadala moya lahlukile prototype kuqala. Ebusika 1977, okokuqala uziphose ukulwa isithuthi isizukulwana esitsha F-117A, iminyaka emithandathu kamva lamkele Air Force US.

Ekhuthazwe le mpumelelo i ntlanu eligunyazisiweyo inkampani "Northrop" ukuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe elifanayo bomber qhinga entsha, anihlasele ukuba ukhuseleko umoya yotshaba. Operation, eyathatha iminyaka esithoba, yagqitywa ukwakhiwa kumatshini, ikhowudi uphawulo B-2. Xa uyila zonke zabo "obungabonakaliyo" baseMerika asithandayo na technology umphambukeli, njengoko kwakukho eninzi zamaqhawe ezinde, kwaye kuphuhliso theory babantu bakuthi.

Ukuba simunce amaza erediyo, ayesebenzisa ukutyabeka ekhethekileyo umzimba ferromagnetic. Ukongeza, amaMelika wabhenela ezahlukahlukeneyo ukulungisa ezongezelelweyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa umatshini phantse zonke izinto ezenziwe ngezinto kwemitha edityanisiweyo non-iingcinga ezifana carbon fiber. Zonke ii-injini bebexhotyiswa zigqumathelo ingxolo-abathintela kunye neenkqubo ukupholisa ngenkani, nto leyo yokwehlisa ukukhutshwa infrared. Kwaye ixesha elininzi oko eyasetyenziswa kwi-US "cwaka".

Kodwa apha kukho umbuzo elifanelekileyo malunga ngempumelelo ezi zixhobo. Kwaye kwenzeka ukuba eninzi imali (iibhiliyoni zeerandi!) Ziphanzile. Kuqala kwinto zonke, aba matshini baba abangenazigqibo kakhulu intsebenziswano ngawo ukulungiselela moya kungaba kuphela indiza kwisiseko. Kwakhona endleleni kwathi kamsinya nje "banyebeleza" zimanzi, iqalisa ukuvela ngokucacileyo radar screen, ngathi umntu ingabonakali kwinoveli Yaduma HG Wells. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yesi sizathu ukuba, ngexesha lemfazwe eYugoslavia, F-117A wadutyulwa phantsi kwelinye lamaphulo yokuqala.

Kodwa ekugqibeleni dobilo uphando oosonzululwazi yaseMelika kunye nabenzi moya kwinkalo fyabo, eyenziwe eRashiya, apho iteknoloji ngokwesiseko entsha ngokudala radionevidimosti yasungulwa. Kufutshane moya eyenziwe amafu plasma ezizodwa, amaza kangaka abaninzi kakhulu umoya, ukubonakala kumatshini kwi radar screen kuncitshiswa amaxesha ngaphezu kwekhulu.