Ifilosofi Marxism

Kwintanda-bulumko Marxism isekelwe phezu imisebenzi oosonzululwazi ezimbini ezinkulu. Amagama awo uKarl Marx kunye Friedrich Engels. Kwintanda-bulumko Marxism yinxalenye mfundiso Marxism.

Le ifilosofi ephendula imibuzo enzulu kakhulu. Ukuthandwa kakhulu oko wayekuthanda ngexesha ukususela kwenkulungwane ye-19 ukuya kwisiqingatha sokuqala kwinkulungwane yama-20. Kwamanye amazwe (kubandakanywa i-USSR) kwintanda-bulumko Marxism i ayesenyuselwa ideology karhulumente.

Namhlanje, enye yezona ngxaki zingxamisekileyo yale ifilosofi inkululeko evela iimfundiso ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye lithathelwe lolawulo lwangoku.

Eyona ndlela engundoqo intanda of Marxism - yinto izinto zembali dialectical. Eli eziphathekayo yezembali ukuba:

- isiseko phezu kwazo iziko ngummi, kwakunye neziko uluntu kunye nezentlalo ubudlelwane - umgangatho imikhosi nemveliso kunye nobudlelwane kwemveliso nabo;

- Abantu rhoqo kuza zonke iintlobo zabasebenzi, ezo ezizimeleyo yentando zabo;

- nesisekelo ezikhulu zihlobene;

- bayahlelwa karhulumente kunye indlela yembali emiselwe imveliso eziphathekayo, izinga lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho kunye noshishino;

- ziye namabandla bodwa;

- ubudlelwane industrial ukutshintsha ngokukhula imikhosi nemveliso.

Ngu indlela yemveliso kulo mzekelo kuthetha imveliso ekhethekileyo okanye imisebenzi ekwinqanaba eliphezulu ezenza kube lula ukuvelisa imveliso entsha ngokupheleleyo. a imveliso entsha yempahla kunokwenzeka ngaphandle inkonzo lolawulo hayi.

Capitalism iye yakhula kwexesha. Ngenxa yoko, kwaba nasekusungulweni alienation iingqimba yabasebenzi nje iindlela zemveliso, kodwa phezu iziphumo zomsebenzi. indlela yemveliso - yeyona imveliso engundoqo, leyo ezandleni abanini. Nalo lonke uninzi lwabasebenzi (kuthethwa abo bantu abangenazo imithombo ezimeleyo yengeniso, kwakunye neendlela zabo zemveliso) ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zabo kufuneka ukuba abasebenzi cheap.

Le mveliso, apho iveliswa esiqeshiweyo yabasebenzi, zibiza imali eninzi kakhulu ngaphezu ixabiso lo umsebenzi umqeshwa. Umahluko kwisiphumo kuthiwa ixabiso surplus. Njengoko umthetho, inxenye iya ephaketheni yongxowankulu ngokwakhe, kwaye eyachithwayo kuthengwa ezintsha zemveliso, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo kuya kunceda ukufumana ixabiso elingaphezulu surplus.

Iimbono ezisisiseko kwintanda-bulumko Marxism kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba yonke into lungalungiselelwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Marxists ukubona abagqibayo kwamiselwa ubudlelwane ezintsha kwezentlalo. Bathi:

- impahla Public luzakubuyisela abucala;

- ubunini bezinto zokuvelisa baya kutshatyalaliswa;

- ukuxhatshazwa woMntu indoda zingamkeleki;

- zonke iziphumo zomsebenzi, kwakunye imveliso eyenziweyo iya ngokulungelelana isasazwe phakathi kwamalungu oluntu.

ezibonakalayo Dialectical isekelwe phezu kwabo malungiselelo aba bakhoyo apha dialectics Hegel kaThixo. Noko ke, imigaqo dialectics zakhe kule inkulu ubudlelwane emsebenzini sobulumko abanalo - ukuba izinto eziphathekayo.

Amalungiselelo eziphambili izinto eziphathekayo dialectical ziquka:

- ukwazi ayikho kumbutho ozimeleyo, njengoko kunjalo nje umcimbi zingabonisa ngokwayo;

- ukwazi ukuba uzimisele;

- Umba esoloko itshintsha, ivela;

- UThixo - oku umfanekiso ogqibeleleyo;

- Umama nasiphelo. zingatshintshwa iintlobo wobukho bawo;

- Practice - inkalo ebalulekileyo yophuhliso, kunye nabantu ukutshintsha kunye notshintsho nje benza;

- naluphi na uphuhliso isekelwe ezintathu imithetho dialectics.

Ifilosofi kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo Marxism iqulethe iingcamango ukuba basoloko efanelekileyo.