Ibhizinisi likarhulumente yinto yokuba inhlangano?

Phakathi kwezinto ezisemthethweni ezibhalisiweyo kunye nokusebenza ngokulandelwa komthetho kwintsimi yaseRussia Federation, kukho iinkampani ezineendawo ezikhethekileyo, ezizodwa zomthetho. Ziquka, ngokukodwa, amabhizinisi karhulumente. Makhe siqhubeke sicinga ngokubhekiselele kubo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo

Inkampani ebumbeneyo yombutho yinkampani esemthethweni eyenza ukuphathwa kolawulo lwezinto eziphathekayo eziphathwe kuyo. Kwiimpapasho ezisemthethweni zibizwa ngokuba yiziko loshishino. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ishishini likarhulumente ngumbutho wezorhwebo. Oku kubangelwe injongo yendalo. Yenzelwe ngokubanzi ukubonelelwa ngeenkonzo ezithile, umsebenzi okanye umveliso. Ngaloo nto, ininzi yeendleko zokwenza ibhankini ifunyenwe kubhajethi. Ukongezelela, njengoko abathengi abakhulu benza amagunya karhulumente.

Ecacileyo

Amaziko karhulumente kunye namashishini afana kakhulu. Okokuqala, babumbene ukungabikho kwamandla okulahla (ngokwazo) iimpawu eziphathekayo ezizinzileyo. Ngokwenene, ishishini likarhulumente lenye yeendlela zokufezekiswa ngombuso karhulumente wemisebenzi yayo. Isigqibo esifanayo sinokuthathwa ngamaziko. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko phakathi kwezi zifundo kukuba zenziwe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, amaziko asekwa kwizenzululwazi, ezemfundo, amacandelo enkcubeko, kwindawo yokukhuselwa koluntu, impilo, imfundo yempilo, ezemidlalo, ukuqeshwa kwabemi. Ibhizinisi likarhulumente ngokuyinhloko uthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yezoshishino. Yenziwe, umzekelo, ukwenzela ukuveliswa kokukhusela okanye enye into ebalulekileyo. Kule meko, ishishini likarhulumente libhekwa njengorhwebo, kwaye isiko asikho.

Imeko yomthetho

Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, ilungelo lepropati yoshishini likarhulumente lilungelo lolawulo lolawulo. Ngako oko, akunakwenzeka ukuyifaka ngesiseko sokubaluleka kwezinto eziphathekayo ezibanjelwe kwipropati yaseRussia, imimandla okanye uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo. Inkampani yombuso karhulumente yinkampani esemthethweni yomseli omnye. Nguye onokuzixabisa izinto eziphathekayo eziphathiswe kulawulo olusebenzayo.

Isiseko esiqhelekileyo

Ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 1995 kwaze kwaba sekungeneni kwe-Federal Law No. 161, isiseko semimiselo esemthethweni yamashishini karhulumente sasilawulwa kuphela yi-Code Civil. Eli lungiselelo lichaza icandelo 6 (kwisiqendu 6) soMthetho we-Federal No. 52, owazisa inxalenye yokuqala yeCode. Kwakusekwe ukuba kumashishini, asekwe phambi kokushicilelwa ngokusemthethweni kweNgxenye 1 ye-Code Civil, eqhuba imisebenzi ekunene nokuphathwa koqoqosho kunye nokuphathwa kolawulo, iifom ezichaphazelekayo ziyasetyenziswa. Kunye nalobugcisa. I-113 yomgaqo-nkqubo ihlinzekwe ukuba imeko esemthethweni yezinto ezisemthethweni ezibhekiselwe kumbuzo ingagqithwanga kuphela ngemimiselo ye-Code Civil, kodwa nayo ibe ngumthetho okhethekileyo. Esi senzo esiqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, samkelwa kuphela ngoNovemba 14, 2002. Ngokukodwa, inxulumene noMthetho we-Federal No. 161.

Ukongeza kunye nezilungiso

Ngokwe-Art. 37 ФЗ № 161, onke amashishini karhulumente kufuneka afake amashadi abo ngokuhambelana nomthetho. Ngelo xesha, umhla wokugqibela wenziwa ngoJulayi 1, 2003. UMthetho we-Federal No. 161 wachaza imigaqo ethile yoMgaqo-nkqubo wezoLuntu olawula imithetho apho ibhizinisi likarhulumente lidalwa kwaye lisebenza. Oku, ngokukodwa, kuchukumiswe kumacandelo 48-65 weKhowudi, kunye nobugcisa. 113-115. Ukongezelela, umyalelo wenqabela ukubunjwa kwee-subsidiaries ngamashishini angomthetho phantsi kohlolo. Izinguqu ezibalulekileyo zenziwe kwiCandelo le-115. Ngokuhambelana neendlela ezintsha, okwangoku i-entity yomthetho ingadalwa kuphela ngesiseko sepropati yommandla. Eli lungiselelo livumela namhlanje ukuba iqulunqe ishishini likarhulumente kamasipala. Olu lutsha lususe izithintelo ezazikho ngaphambili. Ngokukodwa, ngaphambi kokuthotyelwa komthetho, iinkampani ezisemthethweni ezicetywayo zingenziwa ngumgaqo-karhulumente kwaye kuphela kwisiseko sepropati karhulumente. Ngokwemiselo, imimiselo eyamkelweyo kufuneka ivunywe ngumzimba ophezulu. Ngelo xesha, uxanduva lokuxhaswa kwezinto ezixhaswe kwi-Russian Federation. Ukucinywa kunye nokulungiswa kwamashishini angomthetho kwenziwe kuphela kwisigqibo sikaRhulumente.

Imfuno ebalulekileyo yomthetho

Ipropati yeshishini likarhulumente ithathwa njengento engabonakaliyo. Ayikwazi ukwabiwa phakathi kwezabelo, izabelo (iminikelo), kubandakanywa phakathi kwabasebenzi. Ibhizinisi likarhulumente ngumbutho wezomthetho onokukwazi ukufumana amalungelo omthetho (okwenene noluntu), ukwenza imisebenzi, usebenze njengommangalelwa / ummangali enkundleni. Umthetho ubeka i-balance balance. Igama elipheleleyo kufuneka libandakanye ibinzana elithi "I-State Treasury Enterprise". Le mfuneko isebenza kuphela kumashishini angomthetho adalwe ngesiseko sepropati yommandla. Ngako oko, amagama amabandla asekwe kwiSebe lezoKhuseleko kufuneka abe neenkcukacha zentsebenziswano yommandla ("ishishini likarhulumente likamasipala"). Igama kufuneka libe neenkcukacha malunga nomnini (RF, ummandla okanye uMM). Ukuprintwa kwequmrhu lomthetho kufuneka libe negama elipheleleyo kwisiRashiya, umqondiso wendawo. Inokuthi iqulethwe ngamagama kwezinye iilwimi (zesizwe okanye zangaphandle). Indawo yoshishino lugqitywe yidilesi yobhaliso lwayo. Iinkcukacha mazibandakanye ikhowudi yeposi, idolophu, isitrato, indlu / isakhiwo, inombolo yendawo (ukuba ikhona). Xa kuthe kwenzeka utshintsho kwingcaciso yendawo, ishishini lithumela isaziso esifanelekileyo kumzimba ogunyazisiweyo wokuqhuba ubhaliso lwamaziko omthetho.

Imizuzu

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho mithetho, ngaphandle kweKhowudi yoMgaqo-nkqubo kunye noMthetho we-Federal No. 161, inokumisela imeko yezomthetho ishishini likarhulumente. Lo mgaqo ukhankanywe ngokuthe ngqo kwinqaku le-113 (kumhlathi 6) weKhowudi. Ngokubhekiselele kwiimbopheleleko kunye namalungelo abanikazi bexabiso eliphathekayo eliphathiswe kumashishini karhulumente, inkqubo yokulungiswa kwakhona nokuhlanjululwa, umthetho awubeki umqobo kwimimiselo yamanye asemthethweni amaxwebhu. Ngokomzekelo, inkqubo yokwakha kunye nokulawulwa kwamaziko karhulumente kunqunywe ngummiselo kaRhulumente.

Ifom yobunini

Ukuqhubela phambili uhlalutyo lwemimiselo elawula imisebenzi yamashishini karhulumente, kunokwenzeka ukudweba ukufanisa okuthile kunye nemeko esemthethweni yamaziko. Njengoko umqathango wokuqala wokuhlelwa luhlobo lobunini. Kuyafana kuzo zonke iinkampani zaseburhulumenteni zaseburhulumenteni (kuquka ezo zisekwe kwiSebe lezoKhuseleko) nakumaziko. Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lubonisa ubunye beenjongo zokubunjwa kwale mibutho esemthethweni. Amaziko amabini kunye namashishini aphumeza umdla we-federal, oko kutheni imimiselo nemimiselo ethile imiselwe.

Abasunguli

Kwisakhiwo sabanini kumaziko karhulumente nakwamashishini, kukho imida epheleleyo. Okokuqala, njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, umsekeli kufuneka abe nye. Njengoko yena, ngokuhambelana neemfuno zokulawula, angenza i-MO, okanye i-RF, okanye ummandla.

Ububanzi bamathuba omthetho

Ngalo mqathango, iqumrhu lomthetho lihlelwa ngokwelohlu lwamalungelo abanikezwe kuwo kwipropati ephathwe kubo. Xa isifundo sakhiwe, amathuba athile omthetho kufuneka adluliselwe kuye. Amalungelo epropati ayimfuneko ukuba enze imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ngokuzimeleyo ngokuhambelana neenjongo zokudala. Ezi xabiso zezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nezinto ezifunyenwe ngexesha lokusebenza, ziba (njengomgaqo jikelele) umhlaba wesifundo. Ukungaxhomeki kulo mbandela ngamaziko karhulumente kunye namashishini. Umnini, ebapha izinto eziphathekayo, unikezela ngamalungelo omthetho ngamanqanaba athile. Ngokukodwa, izifundo zinelungelo lokusebenzisa ulawulo lokusebenza. Ngelo xesha, umsunguli uhlala ungumnikazi oyintloko wezinto eziphathekayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkampani inokuthi ilahle ipropati ephathisiwe kuphela ngemvume yayo. Oku kusebenza ngokulinganayo kumanyathelo angokomthetho adalwe ngumyalelo weziphathimandla.

Umnini

Ngokwe-Art. 20 we-Federal Law No. 161, amagunya omnini wezomthetho wepropathi adluliselwe kwibhizinisi likarhulumente kwi-indalo, ukucinywa, ukulungiswa kwakhona okwenziwa nguRhulumente. Amanye amatyala omthetho afunyanwe yiNkampani yeGosa eliPhezulu eliPhakamileyo kunye nezinye izakhiwo zikaRhulumente. Ukususela ngoDisemba 1, 2007, i-state corporation Rosatom inikwe igunya lomnini. Imithetho elawula inkqubo yokuphunyezwa kwamathuba omthetho adluliselweyo asekwa nguMthetho we-Federal No. 317. Ukongezwa okuhambelanayo kwenziwe kuMthetho No. 161. Kwiqumrhu likamasipala, amagunya omnini wezinto eziphathekayo adluliselwe kwishishini likarhulumente afunyanwa ngabasemagunyeni kwiindawo zabo. Ubungakanani bomthamo wabo wezomthetho luchongwa ngamanyathelo olawulo olawula imeko yale maziko.