Ibandla Ordinary. Imbali iicawa eziqhelekileyo baseRashiya

Ekubeni ukwamkelwa of Christianity eRashiya ingcamango Orthodox kwindawo yokuqala izinto nofundiso ixabiso le ethnos Russian awuthimba indawo ephambili kuzo zonke Mzuzu yomphefumlo okholwayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kwimeko zokonga elalini okanye sixeko intlekele kwaye ngumbulelo ngenxa uloyiso phezu utshaba amakholwa waqala ukwakha imiqondiso zonqulo kwi imeko ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, uhlobo olutsha zolwakhiwo itempile Orthodox - yonke imihla ibandla.

Icawe njengoko sikhokelo ongabonakaliyo yomntu

Imbali ibandla ngemihla baseRashiya baqalisa kunye 996, xa Grand Duke Vladimir, babalekela ndawonye neqela evela Pechenegs phantsi kwekhwapha kwebhulorho, ngokutsho isibhambathiso, zakhiwe kule ndawo etempileni.

Noko ke, ukwanda kwamabandla aqhelekileyo njengoko izakhiwo zetempile eRashiya waqala kuphela ye-14 - yee-15 leminyaka, oku kubonakaliswa ngokukodwa esebenzayo yemihlaba Pskov kunye Novgorod.

Le mbono "icawa ngemihla" - kunye aksenti kwi lwegama wesithathu - ivula kwinkcazelo izakhiwo zetempile, wadala ngamini-nye, - "yenye imini."

Indawo ngokomoya kubomi bemihla ngemihla

Loo izinga eliphezulu zolwakhiwo ibandla kungenxa umthetho olula - ibandla uba "ukucoca" indawo ochumileyo kuphela emva yokuzahlula layo, ngoko ukusebenza kulwakhiwo yayo akayeki umzuzu kunye nebandla nikhetha de kwasekupheleni zokwakha kunye yokumisela waqhubeka bakhuselekile amabutho ezimbi. Isenzo ezihlangeneyo sokwakha, ukubuya ngamandla abo ngokomoya nangokwenyama yi isiqinisekiso olongezelelweyo ukhuseleko kwenkqubo kwaye efanayo ngexesha wakhonza njenge ekuxhaseni abantu ekuyeni ngobabalo lukaThixo. Enye yezi iitempile, amakhulu abantu ndaweninye zonke yesibini ibonakala ubabalo, liBandla kaEliya iqhelekileyo eMoscow.

Yenza indlu ukubonga lokugcinela

Zonke iitempile eziqhelekileyo wadala njengophawu uncedo lukaThixo kunye ethethelela abakholwayo. Bano iitempile zemihla ngemihla ngenxa yesizathu elikhulu - ngokwedinga abantu, anikwe Ukuhlawulela uThixo, uphambuke ezintethweni abantu ziintlekele kunye neentlekele. Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni isibetho ebantwini ngo-1390 e-Novgorod, egameni oyiNgcwele uBawo Athanasius ngamini-nye bahlala phantsi, kwaye cawe yamiselwa ngu John inkosi. Ngokufanayo ecaweni yakhe elimiswe Pskov ngexesha isibetho 1407 pskovityane.

EMoscow ngo 1553, ngexesha ubhubhane isibetho, IV Ivan abangcangcazelisi wayalelwa ukuba amabandla amabini ngomthi, agobe imini enye bamiselwe imbeko St. Christopher kunye Kirilla Belozorskogo. Yaba irekhodi yokuqala encwadini yeembali novogorodskih, ebhekiselele kulwakhiwo amabandla aqhelekileyo ngokomyalelo Grand Duke.

Ngokwembali, ngenxa kuphuhliso izakhiwo ibandla Russian

ibandla zesiqhelo kwi ubuchule ulwakhiwo wakhe yahlukile kwi-Orthodox ngomthi okanye ngamatye. Oomasifundisane joinery ezizodwa ngaphambili wenza yinxalenye ebanzi kulo ibandla, waza ke kuloo ndawo ekunene ngamini-nye isakhiwo yonke ngokukhawuleza kakhulu khona. Kakade ke, ngenxa compactness yayo, icawa ngemihla akwazi ukuhlalisa abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amabini. Nangona kunjalo, inani amarhamente yi kukuliphi yoluntu eliphakathi-ertyisi, wondliwe umbingeleli enye.

Xa sama yayo mihla icawa ngemihla kunokuba phezulu - kangangeemitha ezili-15, 80 square metres kwaye ukubonelela ukuya kubanquli 150 - nabangaboni, okuphakama kweemitha ezili-12, kodwa indawo - square 49 kuphela mitha.

ibandla ngeplanga yenziwa ematendeni ngokwenene elincangathi okanye logs. ibandla rhoqo Modern ngemihla kunokuba azibekwa phezu kwesiseko, yaye nakhelwe phezu iityhubhu eziphathekayo. Oku kwenziwa ngenxa yokuba ukusebenza kwayo kwisithili esitsha ezidolophini okanye emaphandleni libalwa isiseko sethutyana, kokuthabatha intshukumo kwetempile kwindawo entsha ekwakhiweni kwebandla omdala a olusisigxina. itempile Novopostavlenny nayo ifuna ixesha yemvula kwindawo entsha.

In Russia mihla, isonto esebenzayo ngemihla eyakhiwa kwiMpuma Ekude kunye eSiberia, ngenxa nokungafumaneki kwezi ndawo izinto standard yokwakha kunye nexesha elifutshane enyakeni, efunekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ecaweni ngamatye.

Decoration kunye iconography yemihla ngemihla Russian Orthodox

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, abefundisi eninzi ingqalelo ehlawulwa umhombiso Kumbindi etempileni, sizama ukuphelisa ngokugqithiseleyo obutofotofo yaseByzantium, kwaye ngexesha elinye ukukhangela enesidima kunye ezindilekileyo, ngokumisa i ibandla ukuba efunekayo ngendlela emisiweyo kwaye ingqalelo aze ayigqithisele nobuchule ngabapeyinti kunye nabayili.

Ngoko ke, nakuba ngaphezu kokuba imbonakalo obulula, ibandla ngemihla ngumzekelo ebalaseleyo izakhiwo zecawa Russian, equka i iconostasis Orthodox, i ngentambo zangaphandle phezu kwamaphiko ekungeneni kunye uphahla ezibengezelayo.

Kakade ke, izinto isiko - ugcedevu, ifonti, umnqamlezo, amakhandlela - abazifumene ofisi Diocesan.

Umbingeleli uyalisikelela icon okanye uphose njenge amarhamente isipho okanye kumarhamente lisebenzisa iinkonzo ngabapeyinti-yexesha elizeleyo.

UEliya The ngemihla - umxhasi engabonakaliyo abantu Russian

intlonelo ezizodwa kunye ukuhlonelwa nabantu Russian ivuyela umprofeti uEliya, lowo uthathwa umxhasi ongcwele ngamajoni, nabaqhubi kunye amajoni emoyeni yaseRashiya.

UEliya umprofeti, ebudeni bobomi bakhe exposer wangumququzeleli imikhuba emibi zabantu, umlweli abahlolokazi nomphindezeli bayingozi yobulungisa, ngokubulawa ababingeleli bakaBhahali kunye uYehova inkosi imbalela kunye nemvula. In Russian on Day kaEliya, kubhiyozelwa ngomhla we-2 Agasti, balelwa emsebenzini, kwakunye kwinkolelo yokuba noomoya abakhohlakeleyo emanzini, ngoko kude kunyaka ozayo esalelweyo ukuba ahlambe. Yaba umhla wemithendeleko usapho, nto leyo kumaphondo ezininzi kwakhokelwa isithuba iveki yonke.

Temple of Eliya eziqhelekileyo eMoscow

iicawa yesuntswana zinembali ende trohvekovuyu, ngexesha apho ngamaxesha zawa yaye zakhiwa. Enye yezi amabandla liBandla of uEliya umprofeti zixhaphakile eMoscow. imbali yayo, le tempile lisukela emva kwenkulungwane ye-16, xa le ndawo ibandla oqingqiweyo ka-Grand Prince Vasily III, ngokwedinga yakhiwa - "yonke imihla", "Obydenko" - ngoko ngokuba ibandla umprofeti uEliya imihla.

Ngowe-1611 ibandla satshiswa phantsi amabutho Polish, ngowe-1612 kwakukho ikomkhulu Dmitriya Pozharskogo. Ngenkulungwane ye-17 iye yasebenza njengoko kwigumbi esemthethweni Kings, apho naye wayesondeze izikhungo imvula ngexesha lembalela.

Ngowe-1706, unobhala yamatyala Gavriil Fodorovich Derevnin nomntakwabo Basil ngokutsha Church of uEliya kwakhona ngemihla, kummandla apho kamva eyafakwa. Kwakuloo nyaka mnye, le itrone engundoqo abandayo umprofeti uEliya yakhiwa refectory efudumeleyo ibandla ukuba sithandaze ngexesha lasebusika, eyantlithwa kakubi ngomlilo yaphinda yakhiwa ngo-1753.

Ngoku ngaphakathi iindonga zendlu zigqunywe Imizobo yeyokukhulisa, ikakhulu kwimixholo nobomi umprofeti uEliya. Xa ibandla izinto ezingcwele St. Athanasius Kovrov kunye icon ye Lady Lwethu Kazan.

Ukususela ngo-1917 ibandla hayi okomzuzwana ivaliwe. Ekubeni imbali yayo kuyinto nje iisampula yokudweba Russian icon kunye nesikolo lwezakhiwo, kodwa indawo olukhulu ukudluliselwa kolwazi engcwele - kwi-Church of kuEliya umprofeti ilayibrari, iholo kwintetho kunye school.