I-State nature reserve "Khankaisky", Primorsky krai: inkcazo

Kule nqaku sifuna ukuthetha nge "Khanka" yolondolozo lwendalo. Itholakala kwi-Western Primorsky Plain yeKhanka, eChernigov, Khorol, Kirov, naseSpassky izithili ze-Primorsky Krai. I-reserve yasungulwa ngo-1990 ukwenzela ukukhusela ubusika kunye neendawo zokuhlalisa iintaka.

Indawo yokugcina

I-Khankai "State State Nature Reserve inxalenye ye-Primorsky Krai, eselunxwemeni lweLake Khanka, kufuphi nomda waseRashiya.

Intsimi ye-biosphere reserve ibuswa yimifula eneentlobo ezinemihlathi. Zonke, zikhona iintlobo zezilwanyana ezilwanyana ezimashumi mane anesibhozo, kwaye ezine zazo zibhalwe kwi-Red Book yaseRashiya. Indawo yokugcina "uKhankaisky" inendawo engama-hektare angama-39,000. Lapha kwafika indawo yamanzi yolwandle olutsha olutsha uKhanka, olujikelezwe ngamatampu ahlambulukileyo.

Iindawo eziselunxwemeni zaseLake Khanka zizityebi kwiindawo ezinqabileyo zityalo, iindawo ezisemgangathweni kunye nezityalo zehlathi, ezibaluleke kakhulu izidumbu ze-herbaceous kunye neempampu. Unxweme luhlanganiswe ngamaninzi amaninzi, iintlobo, kunye neengca zengca.

Kodwa ngokuphathelele izityalo zehlathi, zinomlinganiso oqhekezayo. Uninzi lwabo lujoliswe kwiLuzanova entabeni. Kulo mhlaba khula i-aspen, i-oak i-Mongolian, iilmes, i-velvet.

Imbali yokudalwa kwendawo ekhuselekile

Kusukela ngowe-1971, iLake Khanka kunye nemimandla edibeneyo yabonwa njengamazwe asemazi ebaluleke kakhulu. Yona ngcamango yokudala indawo ekhuselekileyo yabonakala kwiminyaka engama-20 yenkulungwane edlulileyo. Kwaye ngowe-1990 inqolobane "uKhankaisky" yenziwe apha - encinci, unokuthi nokuba ngumncinci kunabo bonke kwi-Primorsky Territory.

Ngo-Ephreli 1996, oorhulumente baseRashiya kunye neTshayina batyikitya isivumelwano malunga nokusekwa kweendawo zasemhlabeni "iLake Khanka" ngesiseko sendawo ekhuselweyo yaseTshayina "iSinkai-Hu" kunye neeNdawo eziKhuselekileyo zeKhanka.

Inani leendawo zokuhlala zasendle zasungulwa kwiindawo ezincinci. Omnye wabo nguSosnovy. Kwahlelwa ngo-1965. Kukho izibonelelo ezinjalo: "Umlambo" (1948), "uKhanya" (1963), "Spassky" (1962).

Kufuneka kuthiwe indawo yonke ekhuselekileyo ihlukaniswe kwiindawo ezinhlanu ngokupheleleyo:

1. Isalathiso sithi "iPine" kunye nommandla wamahektare angama-375.
2. Icandelo "uMlambo". Ummandla wayo ngu-12 494 hektare.
3. Iqonga elithi "Melgunovsky" kunye nommandla wamahektare angama-300.
4. Indawo ethi "iMars's Marsh". Indawo yalo i-16 641 hektare.
5. Isiqendu "IsiKrane". Ummandla walo ngu-9479 hektare.

Imozulu

I-Reserve yeKhanya ibekwe kwindawo yemozulu yesimo sezulu. Ngoko ke, kukho ukuhamba kweqondo lokushisa kwexesha elide kunye nelo diary. Ubusika kulo mmandla kunqabileyo, kwaye ikhefu limile kwaye lipholile, ihlobo livula kwaye lifudumele. Ngethuba lonyaka unqabana lusehla kakhulu. Inyanga ebanda kunazo zonke ngonyaka, ngoJanuwari, ubushushu busenokuhlahlela ukuya kwi -20 degrees. Kodwa ixesha elifudumalayo ngoJulayi, xa i-thermometer isetyenziselwa ukushisa kwama-degrees Celsius angama-20.

Umhlaba

Iziqithi zase-Prihantian zinomntu ongenanto. Ziyakhelwe kwiindawo zokuhlala ezidongeni, ikakhulukazi zihamba kunye neebumba. I-bottom of the lake ihlanganiswe ngesanti. Ezingxenyeni eziphakamileyo zihamba. Kodwa kwintsimi yintlambo kunye nenhlabathi engqinileyo. Ukuphakanyiswa kwepeat akuyiyo enkulu - akukho ngaphaya kwamasentimitha amahlanu. Kwaye ngaphantsi kwidongwe, elingaphantsi kwamanzi, okubangela ukuba umhlaba unxweme.

Indawo yokugcina

Njengoko sele sithe satsho, indawo ekhuselekileyo yokukhusela i-"Khankaisky" igcinwe kukuba, okokuqala, iindawo ezisezantsi zihlambulule kunye nemifuno nemifuno yehlathi. Unxweme lolwandle lwalugcwele iindonga kunye nezidumba. Imithi ikhula ixutywe kunye nezihlahla. Ngeenyawo zeenduli, unokubona iziqwenga. Kukho amahlathi ambalwa kakhulu. Kulo lonxweme lomlambo we-Sungach unako ukubona iindawo ezinqabileyo ze-oki kunye nomthi womlotha. Ulwandle olungasempumalanga lweLake Khanka luhlanganisa iindawo eziphakamileyo. Ndimele ndithi i-flora yolondolozo iquka i-712 iindidi zezityalo ze-vascular: iintlobo ezingama-32 zemithi, izihlahla ezingama-43 - izihlahla, ama-3-tree-shrubs, i-9-semi-shrubs, i-625 - izityalo ezincelisayo.

IiMire zihlala malunga neepesenti ezingamashumi asixhenxe zeendawo ezikhuselekile. Isici esichaphazelekayo kubo sisakhiwo esingenakunzima. Oku kubonakaliswe kwinto yokuba, njengommiselo, enye indawo okanye izityalo ezimbini eziguqulwayo, eziza kugubungela indawo ehlala kuyo. Kukho iintlobo ezine zeebhogi: i-sedge, i-reed-sedge, utshani obuqingqiweyo kunye ne-cotton-sedge.

Ukuba sithetha ngamatampu amakhulu amakhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo ziqulethwe iingcongolo, i-cattails, irayisi zasendle, i-ara eqhelekileyo. Leli nqanaba lokuqala lokugqithisa kwelo gumbi. Ngomlambo olandeleleneyo, udibanise, uze uhlakulele amanxweme, abuye aguqulwe kwiingcongolo zomhlanga. Le mizimba yamanzi ebaluleke kakhulu kwiintlanzi zamanzi, apho apha abafumani kuphela ukukhuselwa, kodwa kunye nokutya okuyimfuneko.

Iingcambu zikwahlula zibe zimbini iintlobo: eziluhlaza, ezinomanzi. Ngoko ke, izityalo zengca zityalo zenza ngaphantsi kwepesenti enye yendawo yonke. Zifumaneka ikakhulu kwimimandla yamanzi. Ukuthotywa ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ngamandla. Izityalo eziqhelekileyo kubo ziyi-skullcap, ingcongolo ehlanjululwayo engcotshiweyo, intambo yaseLangsdorff. Amayeza apha apha akhula amade kwaye anzima.

Kodwa izilwanyana zaseLangsdorfinikovye zijoliswe kumhlaba wamanzi. Kukho iintlobo ezilishumi elinambini zezityalo. Iingqolowa kunye neengcambu zengca zineziqhamo ezingaphezu kwezilishumi zityalo.

Kodwa utyani kunye neengca zengca zimelelwa ngengca ezingamashumi amabini, phakathi kwazo: i-polecat, i-vasilist, intambo engcongolo ehlanjululwayo, ingqayi.

Iintaka zendawo

Intaba yeKhankai yiparadesi yamanzi olwandle kunye neentaka zamanzi. Iindidi ezingama-336 zibhaliswe apha. Ukongezelela, kukho iintlobo ezintandathu zezilwanyana zezilwanyana kunye neentlobo ezixhenxe zezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo, phakathi kwazo kukho intlanzi e-Far East eyaziwa kwiBlack Book.

Indawo yokubaluleka ibaluleke kakhulu ngokubhekiselele kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nexesha lokufuduka kweentaka. Kulo mmandla, kukho iintlobo ezili-110 zeentaka. Ngamanye kukho kukho ama-parenti angama-25 angama- jranes apha, ama- 8 amabini e-Duar. Inani lazo zonke iintlobo zeenqanawa zifikela abantu abalikhulu. Kungekudala, kuye kwanda ukwanda kwenani laseMpumalanga Ekude, ngoku sele idibene kuma-paire angama-25. Ngethuba lobuninzi beentaka zeentaka, uHanke uyeka ukuya kumawaka ayi-500 ama-duck, i-geese kunye ne-swans. Enyanisweni, oku kuyinto emangalisayo. Khawucinge nje ukuba inani elincinci leentaka ligxilwe ngexesha elifanayo kwinqanaba elilodwa, kwanezibi elikhulu.

E-Rashiya, kuphela i-"Khankaisky" Reserve ibamba i-heron yemhlophe kunye nomhlanga wendlela.

Kukho iintlobo ezingama-69 zeentlanzi kwindawo yokugcina indawo, 9 zazo zibhalwe kwiBlack Book. Kwiindawo zendawo ezigcinwe kuyo, i-yellow-scaled yellowfin, i-perch-aucha, i-bream yase-Amur, kunye neSoldatova.

Ihlabathi lezilwanyana

"I-Khankai" yolondolozo lwendalo, izilwanyana zazo ezahlukileyo kwiintlobo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, zinokuziqhayisa ngezinto ezinqabileyo kakhulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezininzi iintlobo ezinqabileyo ezibhaliswe kwiRed Data Data Book yaseRussia kunye neRed Data Data ye-Primorye zibhaliswe kwintsimi yendawo yokukhuselwa kwendalo, kuninzi kwezinye izibonelelo. Indawo yokuhlala yeKhankaisky inokuhlala kwindawo yokuqala kwindawo yokukhusela i-Primorsky Krai. Kwizilwanyana ezingabonakaliyo ezingama-112 zalommandla, 60 zifumaneka kwindawo yokugcina.

Kukho kwakhona iintlobo ezingama-45 ezibhalisiweyo zezilwanyana. Uluhlu lwabo abahlala kulo mhlaba kubandakanywa iintlobo ezili-8 zezidumbu, izintambo eziyi-12, iintlobo zeentaka ezi-9, izilwanyana ezimbini kunye neyodwa. Izilwanyana ezininzi zimelelwe ziintlobo ezine. Zonke zidweliswe kwiBlack Book.

Kwintsimi yendawo yokugcina indawo, iigorants ezifana nomtya wegundane, i- grey rat, i-Farse vole, i-hamster yaseDaurian, i-hedgehog yase-Amursky, kunye nesisu esikhulu esimhlophe. Kwiindawo zokutya ezinotshani obude, ininzi i-roe deer ihlala. Kule ndawo zikhona nje ukutshintsha kweebhontshi kunye neebhere ze-Himalayan. Kwakhona kwintsimi yendawo ekhuselekileyo ihlala izilwanyana ezifakwe kwiBlack Red Book yaseRussia Federation. Phakathi kwabo, ikhwebu elidumiweyo le- Amur, kunye neengcuka ezibomvu, i-Far East leatherback turtle.

Kukho nezinye izilwanyana ezihlala rhoqo okanye zivela kwintsimi esondeleyo: iimbali ze-Himalayan kunye ne-brown, i- mink yaseMerika, izibhokhwe zasendle, ama-tigers, inyamazane kunye ne-izyubri.

Ukupaka abantu basendulo

Inkampu yabantu basendulo yafunyanwa kwindawo egcinwe kwiSiqithi saseRyabokon. Eyona nto ifunyenwe yiyona yoLwandle lweTyhila yamandulo, linani elingama-15 000 leminyaka.

Ukongezelela, ifunyenwe izikhumbuzo zeNeolithic zakudala, ezineminyaka engama-7,5 lamawaka, kunye ne-Neolithic ekupheleni (iminyaka eyi-5 eyamawaka), i-Bronze Age kunye ne-Iron Age.

Iingcali zenzululwazi ziqwalasela indawo ekhethekileyo, apho kwindawo encinci ifumaneke kwizinto ezininzi ezifunyenwe zizinto zakudala, ezivela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Indawo enjalo imangalisayo yiKhankai Reserve. I-Primorye Territory ayikho indawo eninzi yezo ndawo zakudala.

Iindawo eziyingqayizivele kwimimandla yolondolozo

Kusuka kwinqanaba lezesayensi, kukho izinto ezahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kwimimandla yolondolozo. Omnye wabo ngummandla weSiqithi saseKhankai, ehlala kwiCape Arsenyev, eKapa Przewalski naseSosnovy Island.

Ukongezelela, kumazwe alondoloziweyo akhula (emlonyeni we-Ilista River) iindawo ezikhethekileyo zeLotus Komarov.

Kodwa umlomo weMlambo i-Melgunovka ubeka ikoloni enkulu kunazo zonke kwi-Far East. Ngethuba leenqwelo zentwasahlobo le ndawo yindawo enkulu yeentaka.

Kwisiqithi saseRyabokon, ngaselunxwemeni olukumazantsi, yindawo ephela ePhermorye, apho ilayisensi ikhula i-color-colored, iboniswe kwi-Red Data Book ye-Primorye.

Indlela yokufikelela kwindawo yokugcina?

Idolophu elisondeleyo kwindawo ekugcinwe ngayo yiSpassk-Dalniy. Kulapha apho ukulawulwa kweendawo zokulondolozwa kweKhankai kukhoyo. Itholakala ngamakhilomitha angama-220 ukusuka eVladivostok. Ukusuka kuyo ukuya eSpassk-Dalniy unokufikelela ngebhasi. Uhamba nje kuphela ngosuku.

Idilesi yolawulo: Primorsky Krai, iSpassk-Dalniy idolophu, iStrava street, 10.

Esikhundleni sokulandelelana

"I-Khankai" igcinwe ngumncinane kunazo zonke ePhermorye. Nangona kunjalo, iLake Khanka, ephakathi kwintsimi yayo, sele ibe yindalo yeentaka ezibalulekileyo ngamazwe ngamazwe. Enyanisweni, injongo yokudala i-reserve yayikufunda kunye nokugcina iziganeko zendalo kunye neenkqubo, ukuphindaphinda nokugcina i-pool yolwazi lwezilwanyana kunye nehlabathi lezityalo. Ulawulo lokulondolozwa kwemimandla, ukugxininiswa okukhulu kwezityalo nezityalo ezingaqhelekanga kunye nezilwanyana zichaphazelekayo. Indawo yokugcina indawo yindawo ekhethekileyo eneentaka ezininzi, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekileyo kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu kwiinyoni ezifudukayo.