I-Malvinas Islands: imbali. Impikiswano kwiiLilvinas Islands

Iziqithi zaseMalvinas zincinci elincinci elisezantsi e-Atlantic Ocean. Iqulethwe nge-2 ezinkulu kunye nezona nxalenye ezincinci zomhlaba, inani lalo li malunga ne-776. Indawo yendawo yonke idibeneyo yi-12 000 km ² . I-Falklands yigama lesibini nelona liqhelekileyo, elibizwa ngokuba yiiLalvinas Islands. Iingqungquthela ze-archipelago ziyi-51.75 ° S. W. 59 ° W. Njalo. Imbali yale ngqungquthela yeparadisiacal igxininiswe ngumzabalazo wezinto ezimbini, ezizama ukukhusela intsimi emva kwabo.

Imbali yemvelaphi yemfazwe

Ikhulu le-16 leminyaka laphawulwa ngokufunyanwa kweendawo ezininzi ezazingachangeki ngaphambili. Iziqithi zaseMalvinas zazingekho. Ingxabano kubavulindlela babo iyaqhubeka nanamhlanje. IArgentina igxininisa ukuba i-Yurophu yokuqala, inyawo layo liqhutywe kulo mhlaba, yayingumamanqana waseSpeyin u-Esteban Gomez, kwaye kwenzeka ngo-1520. Kodwa i-UK ithi ivuliwe kuphela ngo-1592 yiBrithani uJohn D. Davis. Imbali iyasitshela ukuba iminyaka engaphezu kwama-200, igarana laseSpain lalifumaneka kwintsimi ye-archipelago. Okokuthi, ii-Malvinas Islands ziyinxalenye yeSpeyin. Kodwa ngo-1810, iArgentina yamemezela ukuzimela, kwaye umkhosi wasuka kuloo mazwe waya ezweni lawo. Iziganeko ezinjalo zaseArgentina zakhokelela ekubeni i-Falklands ye-Falklands yayikhohliwe. Kwaye emva kweminyaka elishumi emva koko, uKaputeni Dzhuetom kunye neqela labalandeli be-paratroopers beza apha baza bamemezela amalungelo akhe kwimihlaba.

Oku kwabiwa kwamandla kwadlula iminyaka eyi-12. Kodwa uhambo lweenqwelo-moya lwaseBrithani lwafika kwiziqithi kwaye lwabangela ukuxhaswa kwezilwanyana zaseMalvinas Islands zaseBrithani. IArgentina ngelo xesha yayisemgangathweni kwaye yayingeke ikwazi ukunika ukuhlaselwa okufanelekileyo kwabahlaseli. Kodwa kwakungeke kuhambisane nokuxhomekeka kwelo lizwe kwelinye ilizwe. Ngaloo ndlela, ingxabano kwizilwanyana zaseMalvinas zazalwa ngenxa yokuthathwa kwintsimi engaphandle kweNgilani.

Ixesha lokufuna isisombululo esinokuthula

Njengoko uyazi, i-Great Britain yayingenye yezona zizwe ezinkulu kwiikholoni kwihlabathi. Kodwa kwiminyaka engama-60 yekhulu le-20, le nkqubo yachithwa. I-Argentina, ukuxhamla le meko, yazama ukuphinda ibuyele amandla phezu kweFalklands ngoncedo lwezopolitiko. Ngoko, ngeli xesha, inkundla yomoya kunye noxhumo lwefowuni kwavela kwisiqithi. Uninzi lwamalungu e-UN axhasa injalo iqhinga. Kodwa iNgilani ayifuni ukuyeka indawo kuyo nayiphi na imiqathango. Emva koko, kwakungeyona nje isiqwenga somhlaba esivela kude neyona nxalenye enkulu yombuso. Inomdla kwiBrithani yayifakwe kwiimali zendalo, ezifana negesi kunye neoli. Enye into yokuba iNgilani yayingumntu ongu-monopolist ekubambeni i-krill yolwandle, i-krill, kwaye wayengahlose ukwabelana naye ngomntu.

Emva koko amandla eBrithani wema kwindawo eyaziwayo ye-Iron Lady uMargaret Thatcher. Emva kokuqalisa ukusebenza kwemikhosi elwa neArgentina, wamqinisa isikhundla sakhe. Iziqithi zaseMalvinas (iFalkland) zanikwa indawo eyahlukileyo kwinkqubo yalo yokubuyela eNgilandi kwiimeko eziphezulu.

Inzuzo yamaMpi yaseArgentina

Ingxabano ephakathi kweNgilani kunye neArgentina kwiiFalkland Islands (i-Malvinas) yayingenelungelo lokuqala kuphela kubo. Ngowe-1981, iArgentina yafumana umkhosi wamasosha kwaye amandla athathwe ngumlawuli wecala uL Leopoldo Galtieri. Kwakudingeka nje ukuba afune inkxaso yabemi abaqhelekileyo, kwaye ukunqoba kwimfazwe encinci kwakufuneka kufezekise umsebenzi wayo. Emva koko, ukuba ii-Malvinas Islands zibuyile, iArgentina iya kubonisa ihlabathi lonke ukuba limelele kwaye limeleyo.

Imfazwe iqala

I-General Galtieri yaqala ukulungiselela ngokucophelela ukusebenza ukuba ibuyele kwiindawo ezinxweme. Kuye kwagqitywa ukuyibiza ngegama leChiptain Dzhuet - "Rosario". Ukuqala kwakuza kuba ngoMeyi 25, 1982. Lo mhla awukhethwa ngethuba, kuba ngaloo mini iArgentina yagubha iholide yesizwe, eyayibizwa ngokutsha njengeSuku seMilvinas Islands. Kodwa umrhwebi wangena kwiinqanaba zaseArgentines, kwaye i-British intelligence yafumana yonke ingcaciso malunga nale plan. Impendulo kwizenzo ezinjalo eNgilani yayiyinqanawa yaseSpartan, eyathunyelwa ukujikeleza amanzi aseMzantsi Atlantic. Emva kokufunda ngale nto, iGaliti yaqala ukuqala ngo-Aprili 2, 1982, kwaye ngaloo mini ukufika kweArgentina kwafika kwiMalvins kwaye ixhatshazwa ngokulula neqela elincinane laseBrithani.

INgilani yathatha isigxina esinzima, kuba wayekholelwa ukuba iimfuno zakhe zomhlaba zacaphuka. Kwaye ulindele inkxaso evela kuwo onke amazwe aseMzantsi Afrika. I-Latin America, ngokuchaseneyo, yayisehlangene neArgentina, ngenxa yokuba iIlvinas (iFalklands) ziqithi, ngoluvo lwabo, lide lide lide likwazi ukuqonda amandla alo ilizwe lakubo. Kodwa iFransi ayifumananga ngokungaqondakali kulo mbambano, kuba kwakungenakunceda ukuba abuye eArgentina. Eli lizwe lithengele iinqwelo zokulwa zaseFransi. Ukongeza, iPhabliki yasePeru, njengesiqabane saseArgentina, yathenga imikhosi yokulwa nemikhosi evela kwiFrentshi.

Ukujongwa kwimfazwe phakathi kwe-US kunye ne-USSR

Kulo mfazwe i-USSR yayilungele ukuxhasa iArgentina kunye nezixhobo zayo zempi zokunciphisa amaxabiso kwimveliso yokutya. Kodwa ngelo xesha i-Soviet Union yayisemgangathweni yombambano ongaphendululwayo wempi (imfazwe e-Afghanistan). Ngako oko, yonke inkxaso eyenziwa yiArgentina yaboniswa kwiintetho ezide kwiintlanganiso ze-UN. Kwimisebenzi esebenzayo yentetho ayizange ifike. Kwaye kwenzeka into echasene nayo: i-USSR ilula nje izandla zayo kwaye yabuya ngokupheleleyo kwingxabano yase-Anglo-Argentina.

Ngokuchaseneyo, iUnited States ayizange ihoxise kwiinqanaba. Ngelo xesha, umongameli wase-United States nguRaan Reagan, owathi emva kokunyaniseka kukaMphathiswa wezoKhuseleko uK. Weinberg ngokugcwele wasekela iBrithani. I-United States yakhawuleza imisa iArgentina. Kwaye kwiKomiti yoKhuseleko ye-UN, iUnited States, kunye neBrithani, yavusa isombululo kwisigqibo seFalkland. Ezi zibini zize zenze icebo malunga nokunyanzeliswa kwe-USSR ukuba ithe iyanquma ukungenelela.

Ukuxhatshazwa

Emva kokubamba ukulawulwa kweendawo ezinxweme, iUnited Kingdom ngokukhawuleza yathumela inqanawa enkulu yamanxweme ukuqinisekisa ukuba le ntsimi yabuyiselwa kwinqanaba lesiNgesi. Ngo-Apreli 12, ngo-1982, urhulumente waseBrithani wathatha iiMalvinas Islands ukuba zikhusele. Imfazwe sele isele igcwele. UMphathiswa weNgqobhoko waseBrithani uthe ukuba iinqanawa zase-Argentina zibonwa ngaphakathi kwimizila engama-200 ukusuka kule mimandla, zaza zitshona ngokukhawuleza. Impendulo yaseArgentina yayivinjelwe ukusetyenziswa kweebhanki zesiNgesi kubemi bayo.

Inqwelo ye-Argentina nayo ayinakukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimibhikisho, ngokukodwa ekugcinweni kwegumbi kunye nokunikezela nayo yonke into efunekayo. Oku bekubangelwa kukuba i- aircraft yokulwa ne- jet ayikwazi ukuhlala kwisiqwenga esasesiqhingini, kuba sasifutshane.

Ndiyabulela inkxaso yase-US, iBrithani yakwazi ukusebenzisa isixhobo sabo sempi kwi- Ascension Island. Oku kuququzelele ukufikelela kwindawo ekude. Ngomhla wama-25 uEpreli, iBritani yabamba isiqithi sase-South Georgia, eyayisakuba phantsi kolawulo lwaseArgentina. Umkhosi wanikela ngaphandle kwemfazwe waza wanikela isikhundla sabo ngaphandle kokumelana. Emva koko kwaqala iqela elitsha lemfazwe.

Isigaba sezenzo zolwandle nolwandle

Ukususela ngo-Meyi 1, 1982, indawo yaseFalklands yagqitywa ngokupheleleyo kwimfazwe. Inqwelo yaseBrithani yahlasela iPort Stanley, kunye neArgentina ngokuphendula yabathumela iinqwelo zokuhlasela iinqanawa zaseBritani. Ngomso olandelayo, kwakukho umcimbi owawunzima kakhulu kwiArgentina kwimfazwe yonke. Inqanawa yaseNgilani yancinca i-cruiser yeentshaba, eyayibulala abantu abangama-323. Le yeso sizathu sokuba iinqanawa zase-Argentina zazikhunjulwa kwakhona kumanxweme ezweni lakubo. Akazange athathe nantoni na inxaxheba kwimibhikisho.

I-Argentina iyifumene kwiimeko ezilukhuni, kwaye yayithembele kuphela ngeenqwelo-moya. Ngelo xesha, iimeko ezingapheliyo, iibhobho ezihlawulekayo zihlahla kwiinqanawa zaseBrithani, ezona zihlandlo ezininzi azizange zenzeke.

Kodwa icala laseBrithani laye lalahlekelwa yilahleko ephazamise ilizwe lonke. Ngomhla we-Meyi 4, umkhosi wokulwa nomkhombe, owawusuka eFransi, wawunxweme kakhulu ngumnye wabatshabalali baseBrithani. Esi sizathu sokukhukhula kwayo. Kodwa i-rocket enjalo ngelo xesha, iArgentina yayineminyaka emihlanu kuphela, eyakhokelela ekutshweni ngokukhawuleza kwesi sitokisi.

Ukuzola phambi kwesiqhwithi

Ukuqhubela phambili kwempi yaseArgentina kubakho kwiiveki ezimbini zokuzincama. Ngokuqinisekileyo, izikhuselo zaqhubeka, kodwa zazingekho ezininzi zazo. Ezi ziquka ukusebenza kwezempi zaseBrithani ukutshabalalisa iinqwelo ezili-11 zase-Argentina kwi-Pebble Island. Ngelo xesha, i-UN yazama ukukholisa amaqela ukuba ayeke ukulwa nemfazwe aze afumane isivumelwano ngeendlela ezinokuthula. Kodwa akukho mntu wayefuna ukuzinikela. I-Argentina, kwakhona, yagqiba isigqibo sokuphendula kwizigwebo zamanye amazwe ngokumelene nayo. Wavimbela ukubhabha abemi bawo kumazwe awamkele izigwebo ezilwa ne-Argentina.

IMfazwe Yelizwe

INgilani yayilungiselela ngaphambili iinqwelo zabo zokuhlaselwa kweziqithi. Oku kwenzeka ngobusuku bukaMeyi 21-22. Ukufika kwenzeka kwindawo ye-San Carlos, apho kwakungeke kulindeleke oku. Ukuchasana kwama-Argentina kwakubuthathaka, kodwa imeko yayitshintshile kusasa. I-Armedine Air Force yabetha iinqanawa ezaziye zahlonywa kwi-bay.

NgoMeyi 25, enye yeeplani zahlulwa ngumkhumbi waseBrithani ophethe iinqwelo-moya. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva kwacima. Kwaye iqela lomhlaba waseBrithani sele selithathe isikhundla esomeleleyo kwisiqithi ngokwaso. NgoMeyi 28, igumbi lama-Argentine lahlaselwa kwindawo yokuhlala yaseGuy Nreen naseDarwin, okwakubangelwa ukubuyela emva kwenkqaso enzima kakhulu.

NgoJuni 12, ngokulahleka okukhulu, amabutho aseBrithani ahlala kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zase-Argentina zaseTu-Sisterz, iNtaba iHaret ne-Munit-Longdon. NgoJuni 14 kunye nazo zonke ezinye izinto eziphakamileyo zazingekho phantsi kwemikhosi yaseNgilani.

Amabutho aseBrithani nawo athatha idolophu yaseArgentine yasePort Stanley kwi-blockade. Umyalelo waqonda ukuba akukho mntu uya kubancedisa, ngoko ngo-Juni 14 bayeka ukulwa kwaye bahlutha. Iziqithi zaseFalkland zabuyiswa kwakhona phantsi kolawulo lwaseBrithani. Umhla osemthethweni wokuphela kwemfazwe nguJuni 20. Ngaloo mini iBrithani ihlala kwiiSouth Sandwich Islands.

IBrithani ixesha elithile alizange likhulule ama-Argentinians angama-600 ekuthinjweni, ezama ukulolonga ilizwe lawo ngokusayinela umnqophiso wokuthula.

Ukulahlekelwa kwamaqela

Ngethuba lokulwa kwempi yama-74, iArgentina yalahlekelwa ngabantu abangama-649, i-cruiser eyodwa, enye iyanqanawa, enye inqanawa yokuhamba, ezine iinqanawa zothutho, umkhumbi omnye wokuloba, i-stormwroopers ezingama-22, iinqwelo zokulwa ezili-11, malunga neenqwelo-moya ezili-100 kunye ne-helicopter. Ukuthunjwa kwathathwa abantu abayi-11 000. Ukongeza, i-resonance yukuthi emva kokuphela kwemfazwe, amanye amajoni amathathu abulawa, athunjwa yiNgilani.

I-United Kingdom yalahleka abantu abangama-258 kule mfazwe, ezimbini iifrigates, ababhubhisayo ababini, iinqanawa enye, umkhumbi omnye, umkhombe omnye wokuhamba, ii-helicopter ezingama-34 kunye neenqwelo.

Ibakala langoku lempikiswano

Ekupheleni kwemfazwe, amazwe aphikisayo awazange asayine isivumelwano semthethweni. Ngowe-1990 kuphela ubudlelwane bezopolitiko. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukungquzulana kuye kwaphinde kwanda. Isizathu salokhu kwakufumene enye yeenkampani zaseBrithani imvume yokukhipha ioli kufuphi neIlvinas Islands. I-Argentina iphikisana neemeko ezinjalo, kuba iya kuba kufuphi nxweme lalo rhulumente.

Impendulo yaseArgentina yayisomthetho we-16 kuFebruwari 2010, ochaza ukuba kuphela loo mjelo eye egunyazisiweyo ukuba idada ibanga elingama-500 km ukusuka kunxweme iyafaneleka. Kodwa oku akuzange kumise iBritish, kwaye iqonga lokuvelisa i-oli lakhiwa ngoFebruwari 21.

Ngo-2013, uluntu lwaphinda luchaphazeleka kwiiLalvinas Islands. I-referendum, eyayiza kugunyazisa ubunini belizwe, yayiza kubanjwa ngomhla we-10 ne-11 kuMatshi. Abemi babe nethuba lokukhetha ukuba ngubani na ongathanda ukuba ngowakhe. Xa iziphumo zibalwe, kwabakho 91% wabemi beziqithi beza kwiipolon. Ngenxa yempembelelo engapheliyo ye-99.8%, iBrithani inqobile, ingashiyi ithuba lokuba iArgentina iqine.

Ngaloo ndlela, ngenkulungwane yokugqibela kwakukho imfazwe emfutshane yeFalkland, okanye iMalvinas, iinqithi. Iziqithi zaseShantar, ezikuLwandle lwaseOkhotsk, ngandlela-thile zifana nale ndawo. Emva koko, le nxalenye encinane kwintsimi ngaphandle kwezwe. Kodwa ukuba amabini athetha isigqibo sokulwa naye, abantu abaninzi baya kufa. Imbali yeZiqithi zaseFalkland (Malvinas) ibonisa ukuba lowo oyinqoba ngumdlali onolwazi, onenjongo kunye nocwangcisiweyo.

Imbali yeemfazwe zangaphambili ayengayazi njengale. Yinto ekhethekileyo. Nangona yayifutshane kakhulu, abaphikisana nabo balwa ngokugqithiseleyo, basebenzisa le njongo yonke imiphumo yamuva yenkqubo yobugcisa. Kwaye i-Great Britain, yayiyimfazwe kakhulu. Injongo ephambili yayingeyona intsimi ngokwawo, kodwa izibonelelo ezinokukunika ilizwe eliphambili.