Amathumbu amakhulu: Imisebenzi kunye nesakhiwo

Inkqubo sokugaya ye umntu, nto leyo equka ikholoni, luphawulwa ukwahluka ngesakhiwo imisebenzi yamasebe alo ahlukeneyo. Kunzima ukubona esiswini, nto leyo echaphazela ukufaneleka nokusebenza iindlela zonyango kunye neendlela. Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba kukwehla nemvelo engqongileyo, kwakunye sengqondo Ukungakhathali umntu kwimpilo yabo, ukwanda kwenani izifo zesisu ehlabathini. Babedla baba ezingapheliyo, ukunciphisa ubude kunye nobulunga bobomi babantu. Eli nqaku lijonge ukuba achaze isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi emathunjini amancinci kunye elikhulu umntu ngendlela elula kwakunye nokuziqhelanisa kunye ukuphazamiseka ixhaphakileyo umsebenzi iphecana zesisu.

iimpawu Jikelele nkqubo wokugaya

umsebenzi wakhe unokufaniswa-mveliso omkhulu xa kusingathwa ukutya, cleavage bakhe, nokwenziwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto. inkqubo Isebe ngalinye abasabela ezithile zengqo- zenzeka ebandakanya yokugcina enqanda kunye nezinto eziphilayo esebenzayo, ezifana iivithamini.

isakhiwo ikholoni nokusebenza kwawo izifundo, physiologically ozakuthathwa kwiqumrhu ababandakanyekayo secretion, ukwetyisa, nokufunxwa kunye nokususwa izinto ezivela kumacandelo aphezulu. Ukuze siqonde iimpawu, siqale siqwalasele indlela Amathumbu amakhulu.

Amathumbu amakhulu

On amalungiselelo histological ngokucacileyo ibonakala maleko 4: uxakaxa, submucosal, kwimisipha serous. Zinika misebenzi iphambili Amathumbu amakhulu womntu: ukuyilwa lymphocyte ukuba lidlale indima yokhuselo kwi Yindibanisela iivithamini B kunye novithamini K kunye flora eziyingenelo yintsholongwane, imveliso yencindi, uphucula ukukhuthazwa chyme. Omnye wemisebenzi engundoqo ikholoni yi nokufunxwa kwamanzi kunye nezisombululo kwezinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo, ekhokelela kuseko chyme indle.

Le morphology le colon

It has a ubude 1.5 m kwaye yahlulwe ezintandathu: cecum kunye isihlomelo, ekunyukeni, ezinqamlezayo, esihla kunye sigmoid colon, kunye isikali. Ukubakho imisonto emithathu izihlunu longitudinal, acandacanda Amathumbu amakhulu, kwaye sinika imo eshunqulelweyo mayatnikovoobraznye peristaltic kweendonga zayo. Kwi Ngokucofa, ikholoni ngokulula kwafunyaniswa kuba inwebu zabo imazi ibonakalisa kuthatha uhlobo lokwanda enye nokuncipha. Bona abunjwe kwiindawo apho izihlunu ring kwamathumbu ichazwa kakhulu. Ukuze kuma epheleleyo ngakumbi imisebenzi colon yabantu ingqalelo ngokukodwa icandelo yayo yokuqala.

cecum

Akhiwe iliac inxenye lasekunene peritoneum, oko linobude cm-3 ukuya ku-10, kwaye iyafana ebhegini. Ukususela emva amagqabi appendix. Iindonga cecum iienzymes ezifana secretin, apho kwetyiswe chyme. Kwakhona ke ako amanzi agqithisileyo.

Appendix iqulathe mikrouzelki osebenza umsebenzi immune zokhuselo. Kwakhona kukho uphuhliso olusebenzayo lwe microflora iyingenelo. Le ezimbi kakhulu rhoqo ziquka typhlitis cecum, isihlomelo, nangezilonda, polyp.

Ndivuka colon ezinqamlezayo

Basimisela nokuqhubekeka cecum kwaye akukho cell enzyme, kodwa inxaxheba kuphela ukufunxeka amanzi kunye netyiwa izisombululo. Oku kukhokelela ukugangatheka le chyme kwaye ukuyilwa endleni yakhe. Ikholoni, abamisebenzi yabo ngokuyintloko ukufudusa zeentsalela ukutya undigested has bend: unelungelo (kwesibindi) kunye ekhohlo (udakada) ezinxulumene ikholoni ezinqamlezayo. umsebenzi wayo - imveliso yencindi yomlomo kunye nokufunxwa kwamanzi kunye electrolytes. Izifo ezinxulumene ikholoni elinyukayo ke diverticulosis, polyp, megacolon aganglionarny (disease Hirschsprung kaThixo), sikabhobhosi.

ikholoni ezinqamlezayo na ubude omkhulu. Ukusuka singasentla wadibana esibindini, senyongo, udakada kunye injeke nomsila neSebe. kweendonga zayo Ziyaqhubeka ukusibonelela yencindi kwaye ukufunxa amanzi nezimbiwa iityuwa.

Ekugayeni ethunjini enkulu

Wenziwe enkosi-enzayim ye-juice wamathumbu: cathepsin, peptidase, lipase, amylase. umsebenzi wabo amaxesha malunga 200 ngaphantsi kunolo enzayim ehambelana ngayo emathunjini amancinci. Kakhulu kubalulekile ukuba yinyaniso. Yintoni cleavage iinkqubo ikholoni kufuna ubukho probiotics - amaqela iintsholongwane ukubola kwincindi. Ezi ziquka bifidobacteria, lactobacilli.

Ethunjini elikhulu ubunzima lilonke 3-5 kg kwaye kuthiwa microflora emathunjini. It kwandisa secretion yejusi wokudla, ichaphazela neprothini nezimbiwa ukutya, inxaxheba ekubunjweni sifo. Ikholoni, leyo kuthiwa umsebenzi physiologically usempilweni ukuba umzimba wayo iinkqubo yokubola ukubola elungeleleneyo. Xa microflora ukubunjwa zitshintshiwe (umz, ukusilela amandla xa okanye ngenxa amayeza, ingakumbi antibiotics) ezivulwa neentsholongwane putrefactive kuvela izifo: nokudumba, dysbacteriosis, ukuqunjelwa.

Le ehla sigmoid colon

I splenic indawo flexure isabelo malunga-30 cm ubude, apho ukwandisa iinkqubo amanzi kunye electrolyte yokufunxa kunye nokukhuthaza ngendle. Ibizwa ngokuba ikholoni usihla. Endaweni ilungiselelo kummango le ilium yinxalenye yokuba iingongoma sphincter. Okulandelayo, cinga ukuba umsebenzi ikholoni kwi inxalenye yokugqibela kwisebe colon ekuthiwa sigmoid wamathumbu. Kuyinto ngokungaphelelanga enokususwa. Ukuba, ngethuba Ngokucofa yayo ukuduma livakala, oko kuthetha ukuba komtshiso sigmoid wamathumbu kwenzeka, sikhatshwe ukuqokelelela imixholo ulwelo kunye negesi. Kuyo, njengoko kwi ikholoni ezinqamlezayo, kudla ukwehliswa motility, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa kwesisu - namathumbu yiSpasticity intshukumo ukulibaziseka. Kungenxa kule iindawo ikholoni, leyo isebenze - ezothutho kunye ukufudusa ityhefu - iifom ithe, ke ngoko kuya isikali.

Ukuphazamiseka ye sigmoid nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kwimpilo yabantu. Xa ukudumba (ukudumba okanye sigmoid) ukuba unesifo sorhudo kunye cramping ezibuhlungu iliac isabelo iseleyo peritoneum. Baya kukhatshwa ukuqumba kunye belching. Physiologically pendulum Ukuncitshiswa eqhelekileyo iintshukumo peristaltic kwi colon sigmoid ukuze nzima ngenxa umzimba, ukutya engafanelekanga, neerhali yemifuno ifayibha-mpilo. Isiphumo yezi ukunyhashwa kwaye ukuqhina, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ityhefu yonke eziphilayo. In ikholoni sigmoid, ukuyilwa gryzhepodobnyh iingxowa - lunamaqoqo, kukhokelele kuphuhliso diverticulosis. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo kakhulu abadala, kudityaniswe nochuku kwamathumbu syndrome. iimpawu zayo ziquka ifildi ukuqhina kunye nesifo sorhudo, isicaphucaphu, nomkhuhlane. Isifo nzima ithumba, kwaye iyingozi.

ezinqeni

Yeyona ekupheleni lomsele yokwetyisa. imali yayo 15 dyne cm. Le colon, leyo imisebenzi kule ndawo phecana zesisu ke ukususwa endleni akugqiba emisele ezimpundu kunye ezimpundu. Isikali lo sphincters: kuqala kumda ikholoni sigmoid, ezi zintathu zilandelayo kuthiwa proximal, engenasizathu ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Bonke bephela ababandakanyeka kwinkqubo physiologically eqhelekileyo defecation. Umaleko kwiinwebu isikali iye Imihlubulo kunye izikhewu, ekuthiwa sinuses ezimpundu.

Phakathi kwabo empundu akukho thunzi isahlulo - indawo hemorrhoidal. Kuyo, ngenxa umaleko submucosa, mhlawumbi ukungaqondani kancinane kwaye ukubana le isifo, exineneyo zithi shinyi, emithanjeni imithambo efakwa ngemithambo. Engaphandle efakwa eVienna akanayo izivingco, ngoko kweendonga zayo ngokufuthi kwandisa - oku kukhokelela ngxi kunye izixhobo imbonakalo hemorrhoidal. Inkqubo emithanjeni ye isikali libandakanyeka nezifo kwaye uthintele ukosuleleka.

Kweli nqaku wabancina isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi engundoqo ikholoni.