I-Hero yeSoviet Union I-Polina Denisovna Osipenko: i-biography, impumelelo, ama-awards kunye namaqiniso anomdla

U-Polina Denisovna Osipenko ungomnye wabameli abambalwa bebhinqa, unikezelwa ngesihloko seHero yeSoviet Union. Le nto ibhinqa lifanelwe yintoni imbeko? Oku kuya kuxutyushwa kwinqaku.

Ubuntwaneni kunye nolutsha

Yiyiphi into ebangel U-Polina Osipenko wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 8, 1907 kwidolophana yaseNovovasivka. Kwintsapho apho akhula khona, abantwana abasibhozo bakhuliswa, bengabalwa, kwaye intloko yentsapho yayingumqeshwa oqhelekileyo, ngoko ke umntu unokuphela nje ukuphupha ngokuphila kakuhle. Le nto ayizange ivumele intombazana enomnye umntu ukuba athole imfundo ebanzi ngokubanzi - waphumelela kwiiklasi ezimbini ecaweni yesikolo. Ukunceda intsapho iphume kwiimeko zemali ezinzima, intombazana kwafuneka iqale ukusebenza kuselula kakhulu. Kwase kwithuba elithile wayesebenza njengomntwana, waza waba ngumsebenzi wefama.

Umsebenzi kunye noqeqesho

Emva kweenguqulelo ze-Osipenko, uPolina Denisovna wasebenza kwifama yeenkukhu, apho intlanganiso yakhe yokuqala nephupha lezulu kunye nokuphakama kwenzeka. Kwintsimi yasemaphandleni yafika indiza, eyayilawulwa yintombazana. Yayimfanekiselo wakhe owadlala kwiingcamango zikaPauline oneminyaka engamashumi amabini waza waba ngumzekelo, iphupha.

Ngokufanayo nomsebenzi, uPolina Denisovna Osipenko wafunda kwiziko lemfundo ukuba abe khona ngokuhlwa, kwaye ngowe-1929 wagqiba izifundo kwi-"Inkukhu yoMyalelo weeNkukhu". Intombazana yayimile kunye nokunyamekela kwayo kunye neengqiqo, ngoko emva kwexesha elifutshane waba yintloko yefama yenkukhu yenkukhu.

Umtshato we-heroin kunye nokubaluleka kwawo ekukhetheni indlela yakhe yokuphila

Ngowe-1926 wabhalwa ngumtshato. Okhethiweyo wakhe wayengumqhubi weempahla zempi uStep Govyaz, owayehlala naye kwidolophana ethile. Nguye olungiselele intombazana encinane kwimfundo kwisikolo esinomkhosi wezempi ogama linguMyasnikov, ongobuchule obuphambili kunye noqeqesho lwabaqhubi bee-pilot.

Ndizisola kakhulu, u-Polina Denisovna Osipenko, ochazwe ngaye kwinqaku, akakwazi ukungena kweliziko lemfundo okokuqala. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwinqwelo-moya kwaye bazama injongo yabo, intombazana iya kusebenza kwigumbi lokudlela, elikulo ndawo. Iziko linemigangatho eminingi yokuqeqesha, apho kwakudingeka ukuzisa ukutya. Benza oko kwi-moya ye-U-2. Xa beqhuba le iindiza, abaqhubi beefayili bavumela uPauline "ukuguqula isondo" ngokuthe rhoqo. Ngaloo ndlela, wayekwazi ukulawula okokuqala izakhono zokulawula iindiza.

Ukufunyanwa kwezakhono ezintsha ekuhloliseni kwamphukisa intombazana ngokuthanda izulu. Umnqweno wokubhabhisa awuzange umvumele aphumle. Ekuphishekeleni iphupha lakhe, wayezibheno ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubunkokheli besikolo sabaqhubi bee-pilot ngesicelo sokubhalisa kwakhe kwiinqanaba zabafundi. Ngenxa yokunyamezela kwakhe kunye nesibheno esifike ngexesha eliya kwiVrooshilov, owafika ngaloo xesha kubo, u-Osipenko usenokwenza umphumo omuhle - wamkelwa esikolweni.

Ukuphumelela ekuzaleni iphupha kwakumnyama ukuhlukana kukaPauline nomyeni wakhe. Wathunyelwa kwingingqi yaseRostov waza waphonywa khona.

Iirekhodi kunye nokusetyenziswa

Ngowe-1933 ibhalwe ebomini bukaPolina Osipenko ngasekupheleni kwesikolo sabasemagqatheni. Ngaloo nyaka, wathunyelwa kwi-flight in Kharkov, apho wayekwazi ukubonisa onke amandla akhe. Ukukwazi kwakhe ukulawula iinqwelo-moya zamangaliswe kwaye wonwabisayo wonk 'ubani, ngoko ngo-1935 wayesebe ngumlawuli wekhonkco. Uthando lwamazulu kunye neentaba azizange zimise intombazana kwiindawo zakhe zokulahla. Kungekudala uPauline udluliselwa kwisithili sempi saseMoscow, waza waba ngumhloli wemoya womoya phantsi kwe-General Staff.

Ngokwenene ixhaphaza umfazi ongenakhoyika waqala ukwenza ngo-1937. Ngonyaka owodwa, wakwazi ukubetha iirekhodi eziliqela zehlabathi zokuphakama kokuphakama kwendiza. Okokuqala kwaphumelela ukuphakama ukuya kumawaka angama-6 eekhilomitha, okwakungumphumo werekhodi evela eItaly Negron. Ngomhla weeMeyi ka-1937 umqhubi wafikelela kwii-9 000 zamitha kwi-aircraft elayishiwe. Kwaye emva kweentsuku ezimbini, u-Osipenko wafezekisa imilinganiselo yehlabathi, wahlukana nomhlaba ngamawaka angama-7 eemitha kunye nemithwalo enesisindo e-1.

Emva kokufumana iziphumo ezintle kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, u-Osipenko Polina Denisovna - umqhubi wesibini - uye waqalisa ukunqoba imida ephakamileyo yeenqwelo zokuhamba. Kwaye sele sele ngo-1938 abasebenzi baseOsipenko bamangaliswa ngerekhodi elimangalisayo yoluhlu lweendiza kunye nekhava elivaliweyo. Ngelo xesha, uKliment Voroshilov wakhupha i-permit kwaye wathabatha i-crew ye-flight ye-Polina Osipenko ende ukusuka eningizimu ukuya ngasentla. Umqhubi wesibini nguVera Lomako, kunye nomhambi we-Marina Raskova. Kwakukulolu hlobo lwabafazi ababenomdla omkhulu ekunqobeni umphumo ophezulu weenqwelo ezide. Kwiiyure ezili-10 ezingaqhelekanga, nomthwalo weetoni ezingama-5.5, bawela umgama wama-2372 km.

Ukulwa nendlela eya kwiMpuma Ekude

Impumelelo elandelayo yamaqhawe kaPolina Osipenko yindiza eMpuma Ekude, apho intombazana inikwe umxholo wesibini umqhubi. Akukho mntu wayenesiqinisekiso sokuba uPauline uya kuvuma kwiimeko ezinjalo, kodwa le nto ibhinqa ibaluleke kakhulu yinto yokwenza indiza, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iinqanaba kunye namanqanaba. Inkokheli-nqununu kule ngxaki yamiselwa uValentina Grizodubova, owathi wadlulisa uqeqesho olude kakhulu kwaye oluphezulu kakhulu ngokuyalela umyalelo wendiza ngexesha leenqwelo ezindizayo. UMarta Raskova wagcina isikhundla sakhe waza wabuyela kwisikhululo somqhubi.

Isithuthi, phantsi kwegama elithi "Motherland" sichazwe ngoSeptemba 24, 1938. Ukuthatha ikhosi ukuya kwiMpuma Ekude, umshini ohambahambayo ixesha elide wanyuka ungaboni kakuhle, ngenxa yokunyuka kwamafu. Umqhubi uMaskov uzimisele ukukhokela ngokuchanekileyo ngokubhekiselele kwizixhobo. Kodwa le ngxaki ayingeyena yodwa endleleni yee-pilot zezobuqili. Kungekudala bafikelelwa yi-icing. Amantombazana kwakudingeka akhulise ukujikeleza kwesiphene, ukuze ahlambulule amacandelo avela kwiqhwa eliqokelelwayo. Ukongezelela, abaqhubi bee-pilot abazange baphumelele kwi-Komsomolsk-on-Amur ngenxa yokulahleka koxhulumaniso nentlalo. Unxibelelwano luphazamisekile emva kwee-Urals. Ngokukufutshane noLwandle lwase-Okhotsk, i-bulb evulekileyo yindiza ebika ingxelo ephantsi kwepetroli. Ngokwezibalo eziqikelelweyo, bekufanele kubekho okwaneleyo kungaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30. Ngokusekelwe kwimeko, umlawuli wezithuthi uCarolin Grizodubov wagqiba ekubeni ahlawule i-aircraft kwi-taiga. Ukufika okunjalo kwakuyingozi kakhulu kumqhubi ohleli phambi, ngoko uRaskova wayala ukuba afike ngeparachute.

Inqwelo yatsalwa kufuphi noMlambo u-Amun. Ngenxa yexesha elilahlekileyo lokuthetha kunye nomhlaba, akukho mntu unokucinga ukuba i-"landland Motherland". Ukukhangela i- aircraft ekhoyo eqhutywe kwi-Baikal amanzi ukuya eLwandle lwe-Okhotsk. Sifuna uphando lwama-moya kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo abahlala kwiidolophana ezikufutshane. Le ndege yafunyanwa kuphela ngomhla wesithathu ka-Oktobha, yabonwa ngabanye abathathi-nxaxheba ekukhangela iindiza. Emva kokuphikelela kunye nabafazi abanobukroti bathunyelwa isikebhe esibizwa ngokuthi "Far East". Nguye owathatha ama heroines kwintlango ye-taiga.

Umvuzo wokunyamezela nesibindi

Nangona bekunjalo ukuba basindiswe abaqhubi beengqungquthela, basoloko bakwazi ukubeka irekhodi lomnye uhambo lokufuduka. Inqwelo yabo yahamba ngeekhilomitha ezingama-6450, eziye zacima iziphumo zabaphathi berekhodi zangaphambili. Isiphumo sasiyi-1500 km. Kwakungenxa yale nto yabo bonke abathathu banikezelwa ngesihloko seHighes yeSoviet Union.

Emva kokuba u-Osipenko evelele kwimeko yesigorha, wayenethuba lokuba ngumfundisi kunye nabaqhubi beentlola.

Ukufa kukaPauline

Kungekudala emva kokuphumelela okuphefumulayo kweHero yeSoviet Union u- Osipenko, uPolina Denisovna wahlawula ukuthanda kwakhe ukuphakama. Ekunye kunye noAnatoly Serov, wenza i-blindflight, apho omnye wabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka aphephe indiza esuka kwikhabini elivaliweyo, kunye nomnye ukuba amfundise. Ingozi yenzeke ngexesha u-Osipenko wenza njengomfundisi, kwaye inqwelo ye-Serov yayiqhuba.

Ilizwe lasabela ekufeni kwe-heroine yelizwi lonke le-Union. V. UMlotov ngokwakhe wayithwala umlotha kaPolina Osipenko udonga lwaseKremlin, apho wangcwatyelwa khona.

UPolina Denisovna Osipenko: amaxabiso omfazi omhle

Ngethuba elifutshane lobomi bakhe, uPolina Osipenko wafumana imiyalelo emibini kaLenin, owokuqala owawufanelekile kuye ehlobo le-1938. Kwakhona wanikezwa iMyalelo weBlack Banner kunye nengcamango ethi "Iminyaka eyi-XX ye-Army ebomvu".

Imemori ye heroine ishiye iminyaka

Izitrato ezininzi kunye neendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zafumana "amagama" ngokuhlonipha uP. Osipenko emva kokufa kwakhe.

• Ummandla wasePolina ohlala kuyo ufumene igama elitsha, lizwakala njengegama lakhe.
• Igama lakhe liziko lemfundo, njenge-Aviation School yase-Odessa kunye ne-Dnepropetrovsk Aeroclub.
• EBerdyansk kukho isikhumbuzo kwi heroine enkulu.
• Kwintsimi apho wafa khona, kwakhiwa i-obelisk ekhunjulwayo.
• UL. Kolesnikov waletha iindidi ezintsha ze-lila waza wambiza ngokuthi nguPolina Osipenko.
• Isikhumbuzo sePolina kwisixeko saseKokshetau (Kazakhstan) sakhiwe.

UPolina Denisovna Osipenko wayengengowesifazane kuphela, wayengumntu onamandla, onesibindi nephuphayo. Yiloo nto eyamnceda ukuba afinyelele ezo ntsikelelo ezibalulekileyo kwaye ahlale ezintliziyweni zabantu nangemva kokufa.