Pilot Marina Raskova, iHero yeSoviet Union. Biography, amabhaso

Phakathi kwabasetyhini ababa ngamaGorisi eSoviet Union, igama likaMarina Raskova limi lodwa. Wayengomnye weyokuqala ukufumana i "Gold Star". Ukongezelela, lo mfazi wanikezelwa imiyalelo emibini kaLenin, kunye ne-Order ye-Warritic War ye-degree yokuqala (emva kwe-1944).

UMarta Raskova - umhambi owaziwayo, ngaphezu kweeyure eziyiwaka ezili-6 ezihamba nge-taiga. Inqwelo yakhe yenze indawo ekhethileyo kwiimvula. UMarta Raskova naye uyona mkhulu mkhulu osebenze kwicandelo elithile le-NKVD. Wakha iqela lomoya eliqulethwe yimirhumenti emithathu yabasetyhini: umqhubi (586th), ibhomu (587th) kunye nobusuku obomvu (588th). Amantombazana anesibindi avela kwinqanaba lika-588 ayikayika kakhulu intshaba. Wabanika igama lesiteketiso "abazingeli bobusuku." Ukubona uSuku loPhulo, ke, uMarta Raskova akazange kwenzeke. Ngoko ngokukhawuleza ubomi bakhe bunqunyulwa ...

UMarina Raskova: I-Biography

UMarta Mikhailovna wazalelwa eMoscow ngo-Matshi 28, 1912. Uyise wakhe nguMikhail Dmitrievich Malinin, umonwabo, umculi we-opera (baritone), utitshala owaziyo. Unina kaMarina ngu-Anna Spiridonovna (igama lentombikazi uLyubatovich). Ukususela ngo-1905 ukuya ku-1932 wayesebenza njengotitshala wesikolo sasekondari eVyazma, eTorzhok naseMoscow. Emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi u-Anna Spiridonovna wayehlala kwintsapho yentombi yakhe uMarka Mikhailovna.

Ukufundisa esikolweni, usebenza njengomncedisi webhubhoratri

Umqhubi omkhulu wexesha elizayo kunye "noothixo" bobusuku bombhobho we-USSR abaphumelele kwisikolo seminyaka esixhenxe, befunda ngokudlula kwi-conservatory (isebe labantwana). UMarina wazuza ilifa lomculo evela kubawo, utitshala wokucula. Wayexelwa kwangaphambili kwi-opera singer. Nangona kunjalo, uMarta Mikhailovna wayengenzelwe ukuba ngumdlali weqhawe: uyise wasweleka, kwaye ukuze angondle unina, umntakwabo kunye naye, uMarina wanyanzelwa ukuba afumane umsebenzi kwi-17 njengomncedisi webhubhoratri. Wayesebenza kwi-Butyrsky Chemical Plant.

Ukudala intsapho

Ixesha elizayo umqhubi uMarta Raskova ngo-1929 (ngo-Ephreli) watshata-indoda yakhe yayiyinjini yebhubhoratri yesi sityalo, uRaskov Sergey Ivanovich. Kwintsapho, intombi kaTanya yazalwa ngonyaka kamva. Ngenxa yokuzalwa kwentombi yakhe, uMarina waphazamisa umsebenzi wakhe kwada kwa-Oktobha 1931. Ngo-Oktobha 1935, waqhawula umyeni wakhe.

Sebenza kwiLebhu yoLwandle lokuLoba

Ngo-1932, uMarta Raskova watshintshe imisebenzi, wahlala kwi-laboratory ye-laboratory (i-Air Force Academy ye-RKKA egama linguZhukovsky). UMarina wayelapha kwihlabathi elihluke ngokupheleleyo. Umsebenzi owongezelelweyo kwakukuzisa izixhobo ezinzima kwizifundo - i-sextants, aerothermometers, manometers. Ezinye zamagama ezi zixhobo zifanelekile, kwaye imigaqo yezenzo zabo kwintombazana encinci yayingenakuqondakala. Nangona kunjalo, iRaskova ekugqibeleni yaqulunqa injongo yazo zonke izixhobo-kufuneka ukuba aye emsebenzini kunye nabafundi be-academy kwizifundo ezininzi kunye nokufunda.

Ukufunda iincwadi, ukudlulisa iimviwo ngokuphumelelayo

Ibhizinesi elikhuphayo kwiminyaka ye-1930 yaba yinto yokuzilibazisa kwi-USSR, enye inokuthi isithandane. UGeorgi Baidukov noValery Chkalov abazange benze izigqibo kodwa, kodwa abantu abatsha banomdla ngakumbi kwiimodeli zeenqwelo. UMarina Mihailovna wayekhange ukuhamba ngomoya, nangona ngelo xesha abambalwa babengacinga ukuba le ntombazana eneminyaka engama-20 yayilindele ikamva elixhomekeke kwiindiza.

UMarta Raskova, njengomfundi okhutheleyo, ngamnye, wafunda iincwadi malunga nokuphatha umqhubi wendlela. Eyongcwatshiswe yinqwenela, wafunda noo-science: i-physics, i-mathematics ephezulu, isayensi yeenkwenkwezi, ubunjineli benomathotholo, i-meteorology kunye nabanye abaninzi. U-Alexander Vasilyevich Belyakov, utitshala esikolweni, waphawula umqeshwa onamandla. Ngelo xesha wayesele ekwazi ukuhamba njengomqhubi wendlela. U-Alexander Vasilyevich waqala ukunceda uRarkova. Ngokusekelwe kolwazi olufunyenweyo, ngaphandle kolawulo lwakhe, uRaskova Marina Mikhailovna wadlulisa iimviwo ngokucokisekileyo. Waba ngumfazi onguhamba-mkhosi, owokuqala kwikhenketho lezemikhosi yasekhaya. Ngelo xesha, uRaskova wenza umsebenzi ophandekileyo wophando ngexesha loqeqesho.

Imifanekiso kunye nenkcazo yonxweme

KuLwandle Olumnyama kule minyaka, umgeli we-hydroavail wayebekwe kwicala laseOdessa - Batumi. Ulwazi malunga neemeko zalo mhlaba kwakuyimfuneko kakhulu kwiinjineli. UMarta Mikhailovna wayeyalelwe ukuba athathe ukudubula kwesithombe, kunye nokuchaza izicwangciso zendlela ezayo. UMarina kwafuneka aphephe ngezinye iiyure ezingama-7 ngosuku, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimeko ezinzima, xa ulwandle lwaluqhwithi. Intombazana yafunda ngokucophelela ulwandle lwaseCrimea naseCaucasi, indawo yamanzi yoLwandle lwaseAzov. Iziphumo zabonakalisa wonke umntu ukuba uMarna Raskova, umqhubi wesifazane, uye waba ngumqhubi ohamba phambili. Waqeshwa njengomqeqeshi we-laboratory emva kweemviwo. Kwaye ke intombazana yaqala ukufundisa kwisikolo sayo sokuzalwa. Yaye le minyaka engama-22.

Msebenzi wo titshala

URaskova Marina Mikhailovna, uhlale ecocekile, ngendlela ehle kakhulu kunye ne-blue beret, iiklasi eziqhutyelwe kubaphathi abakhulu. Amaqhawe omhlaba ahloniphekileyo, wafundisa amaqhinga okulwa nomoya kunye neziseko zokubhabha. Kwakhona, uMorina wayekhokela kwaye waqhelisa ekuqeqesheni ngokwenza i-TB enkulu-3 kuya kwe-50 iya kutyelela ekujoliswe kuyo ngexesha lokuhamba. Ama-cadet ayedonsa, kodwa uMarina wayeziva ekhululekile. Kwakubonakala ngathi le ntombazana ekhaliphile yabiza isibhakabhaka, kwaye kamva uMarina wayenethuba lokuba ngumqhubi. Yaye yintoni ithuba! Intloko ye-academy yayibhekise kuye. Wayefuna ukuvuza uRaskov kubaqeqeshi abaqeqeshi. Emva koko uMarta Mikhailovna wamcela ukuba afundise indlela yokulawula indiza ...

Umbutho weMeyi Usuku lwama-air parades

Iphupha lazaliseka! KwiTushino, kwiqela le-Central aero, uMarina waphumelela kwisikolo sabaqhubi. Kungekudala waphathiswa umsebenzi ojongene noxanduva: uqeqesho kwi-May Day. Ngaba ndimele ukuba bonke babanjwe "ngokugqibeleleyo". U-Marina Raskova uqobo lwakhe wabakhokela isakhiwo sezindiza, esadlula eMoscow ngomhla wesidlo.

Amaphephandaba abhala ngoMarta Raskova, yonke iMoscow yayazi igama lakhe. UMarina Mihailovna waba ngumcebisi kwi-NKVD, kwaye ke kwisebe elizodwa eligunyazisiweyo. Wathatha inxaxheba kwiinqwelo ezide, ukubeka iirekodi kunye nabaphathi beemoto ezimangalisayo ngeenqwelo zabo. Nangona kunjalo, ubuqaqawuli obukhulu bukaRaskova, yonke-Union, yayisasaphambili.

Ingxelo yehlabathi

UMarta Raskova ngowe-1938 wenza i-flight-non-stop e-Moscow-Far East kwi-ANT-37 uRodina, ehamba ngaphaya kwama-6.4 eekhilomitha ngaphantsi kwephiko. Ukongeza kuMarina Mikhailovna, uPolina Osipenko kunye noValentina Grizodubova babesemkhombeni. Bonke ke kamva banikezelwa ngesihloko seHero yeSoviet Union. Le indiza yabekwa uhla lweerekhodi lomhlaba weentombi: iinqwelo-moya zanqamle i-5908 km, kwaye zilandela ikhosi-kunye nayo yonke engama-6450 km. Nangona kunjalo, le nqwelo-moya eyingqayizivele iphelile ngokungabi nendawo yokuhlalisa rhoqo ...

Ukufika eMpuma Ekude, inqwelo ye-ANT-37 yawela emanxwemeni asehlathini kufuphi neKhabarovsk, kungekude nelali kwiKerby. Ngexesha elifanayo uRarkova waphoqeleka ukuba afike ngeparachute ekwindla yokutsala. Kwesobunxele kunye ne-revolver, isamba kunye nokutya okuncinci, ukunqoba kubanda, intombazana eneminyaka engama-26 yenze iinqabane zayo iintsuku ezili-10, zityhawula iibhere kunye ne-lynx, zidla amajikijolo kwaye zichitha ubusuku emithini.

UMarta Mikhailovna Raskova wasukuma, wakwazi ukufikelela. Wonke amaphephandaba aseSoviet afumana eli bali. UMoscow wadibana njengamaqhawe amantombazana enesibindi, baqala ukufumana umzekelo. UMarta Raskova wachitha ixesha elifutshane esibhedlele, ebhala incwadi apho, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Notes of Navigator." Imfazwe Enkulu yePatriotic yaqala kwiminyaka embalwa.

Ukudala kweyunithi yokulwa yabesifazane

I-Hero yeSoviet Union, umqhubi kunye nomqhubi uMarina Raskova ehlobo le-1941 waqala ukufuna imvume yokudala i-unit unit combat. Kwaye kwafuneka asebenzise oomnxeba kunye noStalin kunye nesimo sakhe ukuze aphumelele le mvume. Amawaka ama-abameli bezesondo ezifanelekileyo zelizwe lethu wamxhasa. Amantombazana amaninzi ayefuna ukuya phambili aze axoshe ezweni lakubo abahlaseli baseJamani. Emva kokufumana imvume, uMarina waqalisa ukudala ezi zigaba. UMarta Raskova kulo lonke ilizwe wayefuna abafundi beeklabhu ezindizayo kunye nezikolo ezindizayo. Kwaye phakathi kwabangewona abaqhubi beemoto bazimisele ukubetha amaJamani emazulwini. Kakade ke, akubona bonke ababaqhubi bee-pilot, kodwa ubuqaqawuli beemirhumo zikaMarina Mikhailovna bekungowesifazane kuphela. Bonke babengabesifazana - abavela kubaqhubi kunye nabalawuli ukupheka kunye neengcali.

Ngaphantsi kolawulo lukaMarina Raskova, i-586th, 587th kunye ne-588th regiments zenziwe. Ngokutsha uRaskova ngokukhawuleza wamiselwa umlawuli wenkunzi yebhomu (587th). Yena ngokwakhe wagqiba imisebenzi eminingi. Nangona kunjalo, ukunqoba okude kulindeleke akuzange kubone uMarina Mikhailovna. Imibini emibini ngaphambi kokuphela kwemfazwe, uMarta Mikhailovna Raskova wabhubha. I-Biography, iimbasa kunye nempumelelo yalo mfazi-konke oku kwaye namhlanje banomdla kubantu abaninzi. Inkumbulo yakhe isaphila. Siyakwazi ukuthetha nje ngendlela uMarta Raskova afela ngayo kunye nalapho wangcwatyelwa khona.

Ukufa kukaMarina Raskova

U-Marina Mikhaylovna wasweleka ngaseSaratov (kwidolophana yaseMikhailovka) ngoJanuwari 4, 1943. Inqwelo yakhe yaphazamiseka kwimimoya enzima xa iqhubela phambili, apho i-squadron entsha yayimise khona. Mhlawumbi, kuninzi okwenziwe ngelizwe lethu nguMarina Mikhailovna, ukuba i-biography yakhe yayingapheli ngokukhawuleza ngokufa ngokukhawuleza.

UMarta Raskova waqale wangcwatyelwa ePalko Park yaseParkiv, kwindawo yokudlala. Emva koko wavuselelwa apha kwiintyatyambo, emva koko wangcwatshwa eMangcwabeni yovuko kwisixeko saseSaratov. I-Hero yeSoviet Union uRaskova Marina Mikhailovna emva kokufa. Umji kunye nomlotha wakhe wathunyelwa eMoscow. Namhlanje izidumbu zale aviator enkulu zilele eludongeni lwe-Kremlin kwi-Red Square yenkunzi. Ukuxhaphazwa kweMarna Raskova, okwenziwe ngexesha loxolo, kube ngumzekelo kubaqhubi abaninzi belizwe lethu iminyaka emininzi.